{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:08:41Z","timestamp":1782490121279,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The use of once daily dosing of aminoglycosides in pediatrics is increasing but studies on dose optimization targeting the pediatric population are limited. This study aimed to derive a population pharmacokinetic model of gentamicin and apply it to design optimal dosing regimens in pediatrics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Population pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in pediatrics was described from a retrospective chart review of plasma gentamicin concentration data (peak\/ trough levels) of pediatric patients (1\u2009month \u2212\u200912\u2009years), admitted to non-critically ill pediatrics. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on the resulting pharmacokinetic model to assess the probability of achieving a C<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>\/MIC target of 10\u2009mg\/L over a range of gentamicin MICs of 0.5\u20132\u2009mg\/L and once daily gentamicin dosing regimens. Results: A two-compartment model with additive residual error best described the model with weight incorporated as a significant covariate for both clearance and volume of distribution. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated a good probability of target attainment even at a MIC of 2\u2009mg\/L, where neonates required doses of 6-7\u2009mg\/kg\/day and older pediatrics required lower daily doses of 4\u20135\u2009mg\/kg\/day while maintaining trough gentamicin concentration below the toxicity limit of 1\u2009mg\/L. Conclusion: Once daily dosing is a reasonable option in pediatrics that allows target attainment while maintaining trough gentamicin level below the limits of toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01114-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T08:03:01Z","timestamp":1628236981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Optimizing gentamicin dosing in different pediatric age groups using population pharmacokinetics and Monte Carlo simulation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2252-326X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ragia H.","family":"Ghoneim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abrar K.","family":"Thabit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manar O.","family":"Lashkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1114_CR1","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Aminoglycosides: An Overview. 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