{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T15:22:59Z","timestamp":1778772179149,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a group of persistent psychological and physiological symptoms due to a traumatic, severe, event. Only few studies focused on the effects of Covid-19 on psychosocial outcomes in children with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and their parents.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim of the study<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence PTSD in parents of children with T1D during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the period between March and May 2020 we submitted the \u201cImpact of Event Scale \u2013 Revised\u201d (IES-R) questionnaire to the parents of 34 children with Type 1 Diabetes, asking them to express their emotions about the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of thirty mothers (mean age 43.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2\u2009years) and 25 fathers (mean age 45.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9\u2009years) participated in the survey and completed the questionnaires. 29.1% of parents had a score that allows to define a clinically relevant level of PTSD; ten mothers and 6 fathers had a PTSD clinically relevant score, corresponding, respectively, to 28.4 and 24% of total mothers and fathers. Finally, mothers and fathers, both express PTSD symptoms mainly in the form of intrusion and hyperarousal.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study confirms a high prevalence symptoms related to PTSD in mothers and fathers of children with Type 1 Diabetes. We believe that psychosocial outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic should be taken into account in the planning of the next future assistance for children with T1D.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01126-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T10:03:55Z","timestamp":1629972235000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in parents of children with type 1 diabetes during Covid-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Carducci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Rapini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Deodati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Pampanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Cianfarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9527-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Schiaffini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1126_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Atkinson MA, Eisenbarth GS, Michels AW. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2014;383:69\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60591-7, 9911.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60591-7"},{"key":"1126_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Noser AE, Patton SR, Van Allen J, et al. Evaluating parents\u2019 self-efficacy for diabetes Management in Pediatric Type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol. 2017;42(3):296\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsw072.","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsw072"},{"issue":"2","key":"1126_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-013-0521-7","volume":"51","author":"A Scaramuzza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scaramuzza A, Cherubini V, Tumini S, et al. Recommendations for self-monitoring in pediatric diabetes: a consensus statement by the ISPED. Acta Diabetol. 2014;51(2):173\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-013-0521-7.","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"1126_CR4","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed., text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000."},{"key":"1126_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed.: DSM-5. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"1126_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Landolt MA, Ribi K, Laimbacher J, Vollrath M, Gnehm HE,  Sennhauser FH. Brief report: posttraumatic stress disorder in parents of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol. 2002;27:647\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/27.7.647, 7.","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/27.7.647"},{"key":"1126_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lai CC, Wang CY, Wang YH, Hsueh SC, Ko WC, Hsueh PR. Global epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): disease incidence, daily cumulative index, mortality, and their association with country healthcare resources and economic status. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(4):105946. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105946.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105946"},{"key":"1126_CR8","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus. Accessed 18 Feb 2021."},{"key":"1126_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, Poletti S, Vai B, Bollettini I, Melloni EMT, Furlan R, Ciceri F, Rovere-Querini P, COVID-19 BioB outpatient clinic study group, Benedetti F. anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:594\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.07.037.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.07.037"},{"key":"1126_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schiaffini R, Carducci C, Cianfarani S, Mauti M, Nicolais G. Post-traumatic stress disorder in children affected by type 1 diabetes and their parents. SN Compr Clin Med. 2019;1:349\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42399-019-0049-4, 5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-019-0049-4"},{"key":"1126_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dubey S, Biswas P, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Dubey MJ, Catterjee S, Lahiri D, Lavie CJ. Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5): 779\u2013788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.05.035.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.05.035"}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-021-01126-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13052-021-01126-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-021-01126-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T10:11:18Z","timestamp":1629972678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijponline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13052-021-01126-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1126"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-021-01126-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1824-7288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1824-7288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki and was ethically approved as part of the Systematic Monitoring Program and Continuous Improvement of the Quality of Assistance in Italian Pediatric Diabetology.Participants provided informed consent.Patients\u2019 data and questionnaires are availble in the medical records.Potential conflict of interest do not exist. The paper did not request access to research funds.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"176"}}