{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:35:19Z","timestamp":1788381319508,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]],"date-time":"2021-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sanofi Pasteur Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading global cause of respiratory infections in infants and the second most frequent cause of death during the first year of life. This highly contagious seasonal virus is responsible for approximately 3 million hospitalizations and 120,000 deaths annually among children under the age of 5\u2009years. Bronchiolitis is the most common severe manifestation; however, RSV infections are associated with an increased long-term risk for recurring wheezing and the development of asthma. There is an unmet need for new agents and a universal strategy to prevent RSV infections starting at the time of birth. RSV is active between November and April in Italy, and prevention strategies must ensure that all neonates and infants under 1\u2009year of age are protected during the endemic season, regardless of gestational age at birth and timing of birth relative to the epidemic season. Approaches under development include maternal vaccines to protect neonates during their first months, monoclonal antibodies to provide immediate protection lasting up to 5\u2009months, and pediatric vaccines for longer-lasting protection. Meanwhile, improvements are needed in infection surveillance and reporting to improve case identification and better characterize seasonal trends in infections along the Italian peninsula. Rapid diagnostic tests and confirmatory laboratory testing should be used for the differential diagnosis of respiratory pathogens in children. Stakeholders and policymakers must develop access pathways once new agents are available to reduce the burden of infections and hospitalizations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01148-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T10:08:03Z","timestamp":1633342083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Epidemiology and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Azzari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Baraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bonanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2586-019X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bozzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Coscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Lanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Manzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Mazzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Sandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Checcucci Lisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Piacentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Mosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8010015","volume":"8","author":"F Barbati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barbati F, Moriondo M, Pisano L, Calistri E, Lodi L, Ricci S, et al. Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalization over a 5-year period in Italy: evaluation of seasonality and age distribution before vaccine introduction. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;8(1):15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines8010015.","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"1148_CR2","volume-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): symptoms, transmission, prevention, treatment","author":"Public Health England","year":"2008","unstructured":"Public Health England. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): symptoms, transmission, prevention, treatment. 2008. Accessed 23 Feb 2021. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-symptoms-transmission-prevention-treatment\/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-symptoms-transmission-prevention-treatment."},{"key":"1148_CR3","volume-title":"RSV in infants and young children","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2020","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RSV in infants and young children. 2020. Accessed 23 Feb 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/rsv\/high-risk\/infants-young-children.html."},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-019-0736-5","volume":"45","author":"R Cutrera","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cutrera R, Wolfler A, Picone S, Rossi GA, Gualberti G, Merolla R, et al. Impact of the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation and of the resulting limited financial coverage by the Italian Medicines Agency for palivizumab prophylaxis on the RSV-associated hospitalizations in preterm infants during the 2016-2017 epidemic season: a systematic review of seven Italian reports. Ital J Pediatr. 2019;45(1):139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-019-0736-5.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1403707","volume":"14","author":"S Janet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Janet S, Broad J, Snape MD. Respiratory syncytial virus seasonality and its implications on prevention strategies. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(1):234\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2017.1403707.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"11","key":"1148_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00255-6","volume":"3","author":"NI Mazur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mazur NI, Martin\u00f3n-Torres F, Baraldi E, Fauroux B, Greenough A, Heikkinen T, et al. Lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus: current management and new therapeutics. Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3(11):888\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00255-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"10098","key":"1148_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30938-8","volume":"390","author":"T Shi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shi T, McAllister DA, O'Brien KL, Simoes EAF, Madhi SA, Gessner BD, et al. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study. Lancet. 2017;390(10098):946\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30938-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-016-0123-0","volume":"5","author":"L Bont","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bont L, Checchia PA, Fauroux B, Figueras-Aloy J, Manzoni P, Paes B, et al. Defining the epidemiology and burden of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants and children in Western countries. Infect Dis Ther. 2016;5(3):271\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-016-0123-0.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"1148_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089186","volume":"9","author":"J Murray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murray J, Bottle A, Sharland M, Modi N, Aylin P, Majeed A, et al. Risk factors for hospital admission with RSV bronchiolitis in England: a population-based birth cohort study. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0089186.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-015-0149-z","volume":"41","author":"M Lanari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lanari M, Prinelli F, Adorni F, Di Santo S, Vandini S, Silvestri M, et al. Risk factors for bronchiolitis hospitalization during the first year of life in a multicenter Italian birth cohort. Ital J Pediatr. 2015;41(1):40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-015-0149-z.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"1148_CR11","volume-title":"Sistema di Sorveglianza InfluNet","author":"Ministero della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ministero della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0. Sistema di Sorveglianza InfluNet. 2020. Accessed 23 Feb 2021. http:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/portale\/influenza\/dettaglioContenutiInfluenza.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=704&area=influenza&menu=vuoto&tab=4."},{"key":"1148_CR12","volume-title":"Influnews: Informazioni settimanali sull\u2019influenza","author":"R Lombardia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Regione Lombardia. Influnews: Informazioni settimanali sull\u2019influenza. 2021. Accessed 23 Feb 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.regione.lombardia.it\/wps\/portal\/istituzionale\/HP\/DettaglioServizio\/servizi-e-informazioni\/Enti-e-Operatori\/sistema-welfare\/Promozione-della-salute\/ser-informazioni-influenza-influnews-2014-2015-sal\/informazioni-influenza-influnews."},{"issue":"8","key":"1148_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25461","volume":"56","author":"S Ghirardo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghirardo S, Ullmann N, Ciofi Degli Atti ML, Raponi M, Cutrera R. Delayed season\u2019s onset and reduction of incidence of bronchiolitis during COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2021;56(8):2780\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.25461.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1148_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30307-2","volume":"4","author":"PN Britton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Britton PN, Hu N, Saravanos G, Shrapnel J, Davis J, Snelling T, et al. COVID-19 public health measures and respiratory syncytial virus. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(11):e42\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30307-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"1148_CR15","volume-title":"COVID-19 weekly surveillance","author":"NSW Australia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Australia NSW. COVID-19 weekly surveillance. 2021. Accessed 23 Feb 2021. https:\/\/www.health.nsw.gov.au\/Infectious\/covid-19\/Pages\/weekly-reports.aspx."},{"key":"1148_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ciaa1906","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1906","volume":"17","author":"DA Foley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foley DA, Yeoh DK, Martin AC, Mace AO, Sikazwe CT, et al. The interseasonal resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus in Australian children following the reduction of coronavirus disease 2019\u2013related public health measures. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;17:ciaa1906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1906.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1148_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01006","volume":"10","author":"SS Aranda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aranda SS, Polack FP. Prevention of pediatric respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract illness: perspectives for the next decade. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01006.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"535","key":"1148_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax2466","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax2466","volume":"12","author":"SB Drysdale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drysdale SB, Barr RS, Rollier CS, Green CA, Pollard AJ, Sande CJ. Priorities for developing respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in different target populations. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12(535):eaax2466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax2466.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1148_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2020.1735349","volume":"29","author":"HC Bergeron","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bergeron HC, Tripp RA. Emerging small and large molecule therapeutics for respiratory syncytial virus. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2020;29(3):285\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13543784.2020.1735349.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"1148_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204993611986579","DOI":"10.1177\/2049936119865798","volume":"6","author":"R Barr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barr R, Green CA, Sande CJ, Drysdale SB. Respiratory syncytial virus: diagnosis, prevention and management. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2019;6:2049936119865798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2049936119865798.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1148_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-014-2277-7","volume":"173","author":"A Takeyama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Takeyama A, Hashimoto K, Sato M, Sato T, Tomita Y, Maeda R, et al. Clinical and epidemiologic factors related to subsequent wheezing after virus-induced lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized pediatric patients younger than 3 years. Eur J Pediatr. 2014;173(7):959\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-014-2277-7.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1148_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714345","volume":"37","author":"E Baraldi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baraldi E, Bonadies L, Manzoni P. Evidence on the link between respiratory syncytial virus infection in early life and chronic obstructive lung diseases. Am J Perinatol. 2020;37(Suppl 2):S26\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1714345.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1148_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24676","volume":"55","author":"J Coutts","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coutts J, Fullarton J, Morris C, Grubb E, Buchan S, Rodgers-Gray B, et al. Association between respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in infancy and childhood asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(5):1104\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.24676.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1148_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.01.020","volume":"38","author":"AJ Driscoll","year":"2020","unstructured":"Driscoll AJ, Arshad SH, Bont L, Brunwasser SM, Cherian T, Englund JA, et al. Does respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory illness in early life cause recurrent wheeze of early childhood and asthma? Critical review of the evidence and guidance for future studies from a World Health Organization-sponsored meeting. Vaccine. 2020;38(11):2435\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.01.020.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1148_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1474","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2742","volume":"134","author":"SL Ralston","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, Alverson BK, Baley JE, Gadomski AM, et al. Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2014;134(5):e1474\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2014-2742.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-40-65","volume":"40","author":"E Baraldi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baraldi E, Lanari M, Manzoni P, Rossi GA, Vandini S, Rimini A, et al. Inter-society consensus document on treatment and prevention of bronchiolitis in newborns and infants. Ital J Pediatr. 2014;40(1):65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1824-7288-40-65.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"1148_CR27","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. Synagis, INN-palivizumab. Summary of product characteristics. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product-information\/synagis-epar-product-information_en.pdf. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."},{"key":"1148_CR28","unstructured":"Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco. Determina 2 Novembre 2017. https:\/\/www.gazzettaufficiale.it\/eli\/id\/2017\/11\/09\/17A07585\/sg. 2017. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."},{"key":"1148_CR29","unstructured":"Variazione del Piano Terapeutico Palivizumab, in base alla Determina AIFA DG\/1836\/2017, pubblicata sulla G.U. del 9\/11\/2017 n. 262. https:\/\/www.biomedia.net\/nladmin\/upload\/2017\/676\/1f9d44c88a614b6404ca2baa750a7361.pdf. 2017. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-015-0203-x","volume":"41","author":"L Bollani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bollani L, Baraldi E, Chirico G, Dotta A, Lanari M, Del Vecchio A, et al. Revised recommendations concerning palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus. Ital J Pediatr. 2015;41(1):97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-015-0203-x.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"issue":"26","key":"1148_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.109","volume":"34","author":"D Higgins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Higgins D, Trujillo C, Keech C. Advances in RSV vaccine research and development \u2013 a global agenda. Vaccine. 2016;34(26):2870\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.109.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1148_CR32","unstructured":"World Health Organization. RSV vaccine research and development. https:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/research\/development\/ppc_rsv_vaccines\/en\/. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."},{"issue":"7","key":"1148_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073703","volume":"22","author":"A Rocca","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rocca A, Biagi C, Scarpini S, Dondi A, Vandini S, Pierantoni L, et al. Passive immunoprophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in children: where are we now? Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(7):3703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22073703.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1148_CR34","unstructured":"NITAG, Ministero della Salute. Piano nazionale Vaccini. Ecco le indicazioni degli esperti del Ministero della Salute del Nitag. Quotidinano Sanit\u00e0, 15\/09\/2020. https:\/\/www.quotidianosanita.it\/scienza-e-farmaci\/articolo.php?articolo_id=87787. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."},{"key":"1148_CR35","unstructured":"NITAG, Ministero della Salute. Il PNPV 2020\u20132022: raccomandazioni del nucleo strategico del NITAG. Available at: http:\/\/www.quotidianosanita.it\/allegati\/allegato2414138.pdf. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."},{"key":"1148_CR36","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Global Respiratory Syncytial Virus Surveillance. Outcomes from phase 1. https:\/\/www.who.int\/influenza\/rsv\/en\/. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."},{"key":"1148_CR37","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO RSV Surveillance phase-2 (2019\u20132021). https:\/\/www.who.int\/influenza\/rsv\/RSV_surveillance_phase2\/en\/. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."},{"key":"1148_CR38","unstructured":"World Health Organization. RSV surveillance case definitions. https:\/\/www.who.int\/influenza\/rsv\/rsv_case_definition\/en\/. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."},{"key":"1148_CR39","unstructured":"Sistema di Sorveglianza Sentinella dell'Influenza, InfluNet. Protocollo operativo. Stagione 2019\u201320. http:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/imgs\/C_17_pubblicazioni_2889_allegato.pdf. 2019. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."},{"key":"1148_CR40","unstructured":"Sistema di Sorveglianza Sentinella dell\u2019Influenza, InfluNet. Stagione influenzale 2020\u20132021: il \u201cProtocollo operativo InfluNet & CovidNet\u201d. https:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/influenza\/protocollo-influnet-2020. 2020. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."},{"issue":"12","key":"1148_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25917","volume":"92","author":"L Pellegrinelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pellegrinelli L, Galli C, Bubba L, Cereda D, Anselmi G, Binda S, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus in influenza-like illness cases: epidemiology and molecular analyses of four consecutive winter seasons (2014\u20132015\/2017\u20132018) in Lombardy (northern Italy). J Med Virol. 2020;92(12):2999\u20133006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25917.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1148_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1473","volume":"102","author":"A Calderaro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Calderaro A, De Conto F, Buttrini M, Piccolo G, Montecchini S, Maccari C, et al. Human respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, circulating in the winter season 2019\u20132020 in Parma. Northern Italy Int J Infect Dis. 2021;102:79\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.09.1473.","journal-title":"Northern Italy Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-018-0492-y","volume":"44","author":"P Kuhdari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuhdari P, Brosio F, Malaventura C, Stefanati A, Orsi A, Icardi G, et al. Human respiratory syncytial virus and hospitalization in young children in Italy. Ital J Pediatr. 2018;44(1):50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-018-0492-y.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-019-0704-0","volume":"45","author":"C Ciarlitto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ciarlitto C, Vittucci AC, Villani A, Concato C, Di Camillo C, Zangari P, et al. Respiratory syncityal virus a and B: three bronchiolitis seasons in a third level hospital in Italy. Ital J Pediatr. 2019;45(1):115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-019-0704-0.","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"1148_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2020_483","volume":"1271","author":"A Wrotek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wrotek A, Czajkowska M, Jackowska T. Nosocomial infections in patients hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus: a practice review. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1271:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/5584_2020_483.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"1148_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594898","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.594898","volume":"8","author":"E Bozzola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bozzola E, Ciarlitto C, Guolo S, Brusco C, Cerone G, Antilici L, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy: the acute hospitalization cost. Front Pediatr. 2021;8:594898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2020.594898.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1148_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040672","volume":"8","author":"C Biagi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biagi C, Dondi A, Scarpini S, Rocca A, Vandini S, Poletti G, et al. Current state and challenges in developing respiratory syncytial virus vaccines. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;8(4):672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines8040672.","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1148_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1812OC","volume":"196","author":"H Mochizuki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mochizuki H, Kusuda S, Okada K, Yoshihara S, Furuya H, Sim\u00f5es EAF, et al. Palivizumab prophylaxis in preterm infants and subsequent recurrent wheezing. Six-year follow-up study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(1):29\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201609-1812OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1148_CR49","volume-title":"Piano Nazionale Prevenzione Vaccinale","author":"Ministero della Salute","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ministero della Salute. Piano Nazionale Prevenzione Vaccinale. 2017. Accessed 23 Feb 2021. http:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/imgs\/C_17_pubblicazioni_2571_allegato.pdf."},{"key":"1148_CR50","unstructured":"Regione Lombardia, Sistema Socio Sanitario. Benvenuti al Nido. 2017. Accessed Feb 23 2021. https:\/\/www.ospedaleniguarda.it\/uploads\/default\/attachments\/in_evidenza\/in_evidenza_m\/20\/files\/allegati\/21\/benvenuti_al_nido_2017_48v1.pdf."},{"key":"1148_CR51","unstructured":"ATS Brianza. Il controllo della crescita, i bilanci di salute. https:\/\/www.ats-brianza.it\/it\/il-controllo-della-crescita. Accessed 23 Feb 2021."}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-021-01148-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13052-021-01148-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-021-01148-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T10:15:45Z","timestamp":1633342545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijponline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13052-021-01148-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-021-01148-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1824-7288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1824-7288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors have been participants at advisory boards and\/or have been speakers at symposia and\/or lecture sponsored by Sanofi and\/or AbbVie. G Checcucci Lisi and S Parisi are employees of Sanofi Pasteur, working at the Medical Affairs Department, and may hold shares\/stock options as part of remuneration package.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"198"}}