{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:39:31Z","timestamp":1787020771518,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Observatory of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Adolescence is characterized by emotional instability and risk-taking behaviours that can lead to, among other things, an increased risk of developing pathological video-gaming and gambling habits. The aim of this Study is to assess the prevalence and type of video gaming and gambling habits in adolescent students attending Italian upper-secondary schools. The cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey using validated questionnaires. The primary outcome measures were the prevalence of past-year video gaming and gambling activities. The sample consisted of 502 adolescent students from first- and second-grade secondary schools. A total of 40.8% of participants were video gamers, 4.8% were gamblers, 17.8% were both video gamers and gamblers, and the remaining 36.6% were not players. Among participants who reported video gaming activity (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009294), 68.0% were classified as nonproblem gamers, 24.5% as at-risk gamers, and 7.5% as disordered video gamers. Among the participants who reported gambling activity (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009113), 85.8% were not problematic gamblers, 8.9% were at-risk gamblers, and 5.3% were pathological gamblers. Only 0.2% of all subjects met the criteria for both pathological gambling and pathological video game use. The findings indicate that video gaming and gambling are common leisure times among adolescent students. However, a small but significant minority of these adolescents met the criteria for either severe problem gaming or gambling or both.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-022-01299-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T09:03:46Z","timestamp":1656147826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prevalence and types of video gaming and gambling activities among adolescent public school students: findings from a cross-sectional study in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3162-9237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loredana","family":"Cena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Rota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Calza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Trainini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Zecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia Bonetti","family":"Zappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa Silvia","family":"Nodari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Stefana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1299_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15040668","volume":"15","author":"V Gonz\u00e1lez-Bueso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Bueso V, Santamar\u00eda JJ, Fern\u00e1ndez D, Merino L, Montero E, Ribas J. Association between Internet Gaming Disorder or Pathological Video-Game Use and Comorbid Psychopathology: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15:668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15040668.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1299_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00486","volume":"8","author":"G Nigro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nigro G, Cosenza M, Ciccarelli M. The blurred future of adolescent gamblers: Impulsivity, time horizon, and emotional distress. Front Psychol. 2017;8:486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00486.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"1299_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2007.0199","volume":"11","author":"CH Ko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ko CH, Yen JY, Yen CF, Chen CS, Weng CC, Chen CC. The association between Internet addiction and problematic alcohol use in adolescents: the problem behavior model. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2008;11:571\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cpb.2007.0199.","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"key":"1299_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1496455","volume":"54","author":"O Turel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turel O, Bechara A. Little video-gaming in adolescents can be protective, but too much is associated with increased substance use. Subst Use Misuse. 2019;54:384\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826084.2018.1496455.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"1299_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.11.005","volume":"121","author":"RA Hoff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoff RA, Howell JC, Wampler J, Krishnan-Sarin S, Potenza MN. Differences in associations between problematic video-gaming, video-gaming duration, and weapon-related and physically violent behaviors in adolescents. J Psychiatr Res. 2020;121:47\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.11.005.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1299_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9627-5","volume":"33","author":"F Calado","year":"2017","unstructured":"Calado F, Alexandre J, Griffiths MD. Prevalence of adolescent problem gambling: A systematic review of recent research. J Gambl Stud. 2017;33(2):397\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-016-9627-5.","journal-title":"J Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"7","key":"1299_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12532","volume":"71","author":"S Mihara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mihara S, Higuchi S. Cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of Internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017;71(7):425\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.12532.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1299_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00026-8","volume":"6","author":"R Armitage","year":"2021","unstructured":"Armitage R. Gambling among adolescents: an emerging public health problem. Lancet Public Health. 2021;6(3):e143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00026-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"1299_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rumpf HJ, Achab S, Billieux J, Bowden-Jones H, Carragher N, Demetrovics Z, et al. Including gaming disorder in the ICD-11: the need to do so from a clinical and public health perspective. J Behav Addict. 2018;7(3):556\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.59.","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.59"},{"key":"1299_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cena L, Rota M, Trainini A, Zecca S, Bonetti Zappa S, Stefana A. Investigating adolescents\u2019 video gaming and gambling activities, and their relationship with behavioral, emotional, and social difficulties: protocol for a multi-informant study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2022;11(2):e33376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/33376.","DOI":"10.2196\/33376"},{"key":"1299_CR11","unstructured":"Primi C, Donati M, Chiesi F. VGS-A - Video-Gaming Scale for Adolescents. Florence: Hogrefe Editore; 2017."},{"key":"1299_CR12","unstructured":"Primi C, Donati M, Chiesi F. Gambling behavior scale for adolescents GBS-A: manuale. Florence: Hogrefe Editore; 2015."}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01299-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01299-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01299-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T09:08:04Z","timestamp":1656148084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijponline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01299-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01299-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1824-7288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1824-7288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy (Register Number: NP3862, January 29, 2020).All methods were carried out in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or, if participants are under 18, from a parent and\/or legal guardian.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this Study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"108"}}