{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:30:50Z","timestamp":1783636250839,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"This work was supported by the Ministry of Health, Rome (Italy), in collaboration with the Institute for Maternal and Child Health \u201cIRCCS Burlo Garofolo\u201d, Trieste (Italy)."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Primary Synovial Chondromatosis (PSC) is a rare benign tumor of the synovial membrane in which cartilage metaplasia produces calcific loose bodies within the articular space. Only a few cases are reported in the pediatric population and its etiology remains unknown. This condition typically affects large weight-bearing joints with pain, swelling and decrease range of motion. Due to its slow progressions, delayed diagnosis is frequent and differential diagnosis should consider other chronic arthritis and malignancies. While arthroscopic removal of loose bodies is the current treatment up to now, the association of partial or complete synovectomy is debated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report about a 14-year-old girl with a long-lasting right shoulder pain, especially during movements or exercise, localized tenderness and hypotonia of the glenohumeral joint. No previous trauma was mentioned. Blood exams, Mantoux test and plain radiography of the right shoulder were unremarkable. Ultrasound imaging revealed echogenic and calcified bodies stretching the glenohumeral joint and dislocating the long head of biceps tendon. Magnetic resonance showed a \u201crice-grain\u201d pattern of the right shoulder. From an arthroscopic surgery, multiple loose white bodies were removed within the synovial membrane, and synovial chondromatosis was confirmed by histological analysis. At one month follow up visit, the patient completely recovered without pain.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Synovial chondromatosis is a very uncommon cause of mono articular pain in children, especially when it affects shoulder. Pediatricians should keep in mind this condition to avoid delayed diagnosis and treatment, even in consideration of the low risk of malignant transformation. Through this case, we would highlight common diagnostic pitfalls and treatment of synovial chondromatosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-022-01332-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T09:02:52Z","timestamp":1659171772000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["\u201cShoulder pain and limitation of motion in a young girl: think different\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1897-7701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Di Lenarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Pastore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Saccari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Canton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Lucangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Taddio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Murena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1332_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20040301-17","volume":"27","author":"JJ Miranda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miranda JJ, Hooker S, Baechler MF, Burkhalter W. Synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder and biceps tendon sheath in a 10-year-old child. Orthopedics. 2004;27(3):321\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/0147-7447-20040301-17.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"6","key":"1332_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-004-0608-3","volume":"13","author":"C Chillemi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chillemi C, Marinelli M, De Cupis V. Primary synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder: Clinical, arthroscopic and histopathological aspects. Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13(6):483\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00167-004-0608-3.","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sport Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"1_MeetingAbstra","key":"1332_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.142.1MA5.408","volume":"142","author":"L McClure","year":"2018","unstructured":"McClure L, Lessman D. A Rare Cause of Shoulder Pain in Pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2018;142(1_MeetingAbstract):408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.142.1MA5.408.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1332_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2019.12.005","volume":"11","author":"JJ Sinikumpu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sinikumpu JJ, Sinikumpu SP, Sirni\u00f6 K, N\u00e4p\u00e4nkangas J, Blanco SR. Pediatric primary synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder, biceps tendon sheath and subcoracoid bursa. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2020;11(2):317\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2019.12.005.","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"1332_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.33B1.80","volume":"33-B","author":"R Bloom","year":"1951","unstructured":"Bloom R, Pattison JN. Osteochondromatosis of the hip joint. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1951;33-B(1):80\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.33B1.80.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"1332_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.O.00054","volume":"4","author":"JA Neumann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neumann JA, Garrigues GE, Brigman BE, Eward WC. Synovial chondromatosis. JBJS Rev. 2016;4(5):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.O.00054.","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1332_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.70B5.3192585","volume":"70","author":"H Maurice","year":"1988","unstructured":"Maurice H, Crone M, Watt I. Synovial chondromatosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988;70(5):807\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.70B5.3192585.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"1332_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.275075116","volume":"27","author":"MD Murphey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Murphey MD, Vidal JA, Fanburg-Smith JC, Gajewski DA. Imaging of synovial chondromatosis with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 2007;27(5):1465\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.275075116.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"6","key":"1332_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759060-00013","volume":"59","author":"JW Milgram","year":"1977","unstructured":"Milgram JW. Synovial osteochondromatosis: a histopathological study of thirty cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977;59(6):792\u2013801 (http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/908703).","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"1332_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2019.11.016","volume":"15","author":"LK Rousslang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rousslang LK, Rooks E, Hixson C, West P. Tumefactive synovial thickening mimicking synovial chondromatosis in the setting of oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a toddler. Radiol Case Reports. 2020;15(3):218\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radcr.2019.11.016.","journal-title":"Radiol Case Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"1332_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-016-0088-2","volume":"14","author":"SLN Clarke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Clarke SLN, Sen ES, Ramanan AV. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. Pediatr Rheumatol. 2016;14(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12969-016-0088-2.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1332_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-239844","volume":"13","author":"T Murray","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murray T. Tubercular monoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint in a non-endemic region: Vancouver. Canada BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(11):2\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-239844.","journal-title":"Canada BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"1332_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(03)00271-X","volume":"58","author":"V Sawlani","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sawlani V, Chandra T, Mishra RN, Aggarwal A, Jain UK, Gujral RB. MRI features of tuberculosis of peripheral joints. Clin Radiol. 2003;58(10):755\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0009-9260(03)00271-X.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"1332_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647939","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/647939","volume":"2014","author":"S Evans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Evans S, Boffano M, Chaudhry S, Jeys L, Grimer R. Synovial chondrosarcoma arising in synovial chondromatosis. Sarcoma. 2014;2014:647939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/647939.","journal-title":"Sarcoma"},{"issue":"6","key":"1332_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-016-2353-3","volume":"45","author":"C McCarthy","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCarthy C, Anderson WJ, Vlychou M, et al. Primary synovial chondromatosis: a reassessment of malignant potential in 155 cases. Skeletal Radiol. 2016;45(6):755\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-016-2353-3.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1332_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/s0046-8177(98)90276-3","volume":"29","author":"RI Davis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Davis RI, Hamilton A, Biggart JD. Primary synovial chondromatosis: a clinicopathologic review and assessment of malignant potential. Hum Pathol. 1998;29(7):683\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0046-8177(98)90276-3.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1332_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.01.041","volume":"38","author":"YY Ho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ho YY, Choueka J. Synovial chondromatosis of the upper extremity. J Hand Surg Am. 2013;38(4):804\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.01.041.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"1332_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/s0749-8063(05)80088-x","volume":"10","author":"DJ Ogilvie-Harris","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ogilvie-Harris DJ, Saleh K. Generalized synovial chondromatosis of the knee: a comparison of removal of the loose bodies alone with arthroscopic synovectomy. Arthroscopy. 1994;10(2):166\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0749-8063(05)80088-x.","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01332-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01332-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01332-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T09:11:13Z","timestamp":1659172273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijponline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01332-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01332-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1824-7288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1824-7288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the ethical committee of the Institute of Maternal and Child Health, \u201cIRCCS Burlo Garofolo\u201d, Trieste (Italy). All methods were carried out in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.The family gave their consent to use images and videos of the patient, which was approved by the ethics committee of the Institute of Maternal and Child Health \u201cIRCCS Burlo Garofolo\u201d, Trieste (Italy).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"consent for publication was obtained from the family.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"139"}}