{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:34:28Z","timestamp":1789155268340,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Acute pancreatitis is a disorder of reversible inflammation of the pancreas. Only a few cases are related to infections and the most common pathogens are the viruses responsible for mumps, parotitis, and influenza. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated acute pancreatitis is a rare condition and it may occur in children and adults.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 3-year-old female was admitted to the \u201cG. Di Cristina\u201d Children's Hospital in Palermo for vomiting and abdominal pain. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated amylase and lipase, with normal liver function tests. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated an enlarged pancreas, with hypoechogenic\u00a0areas; no biliary lithiasis was observed. Infectious disease serology was positive for the presence of EBV VCA IgM and IgG. A diagnosis of EBV-associated acute pancreatitis was made. The patient was treated conservatively and recovered.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Acute pancreatitis is rarely associated with EBV infection; a review of the English literature revealed only 10 pediatric and 6 adult cases. Patients with pancreatitis should always be evaluated for EBV serology, even in the absence of the typical clinical and hematological features of infectious mononucleosis. For these patients, good prognosis is generally expected.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-022-01352-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T13:04:55Z","timestamp":1662383095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Epstein-Barr virus-associated acute pancreatitis: a clinical report and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Accomando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia Angela","family":"Restivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Scalzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melania","family":"Guardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Corsello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Giuffr\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1352_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e32834daa08","volume":"19","author":"EK Vouloumanou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vouloumanou EK, Rafailidis PI, Falagas ME. Current diagnosis and management of infectious mononucleosis. Curr Opin Hematol. 2012;19:14\u201320.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1352_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2015.06.007","volume":"92","author":"V Bolis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bolis V, Karadedos C, Chiotis I, Chaliasos N, Tsabouri S. Atypical manifestations of Epstein-Barr virus in children: a diagnostic challenge. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016;92(2):113\u201321.","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1352_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181baac47","volume":"39","author":"VD Morinville","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morinville VD, Barmada MM, Lowe ME. Increasing incidence of acute pancreatitis at an American pediatric tertiary care center: is greater awareness among physicians responsible? Pancreas. 2010;39(1):5\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPA.0b013e3181baac47.","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"3","key":"1352_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31818d7db3","volume":"49","author":"A Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park A, Latif SU, Shah AU, et al. Changing referral trends of acute pancreatitis in children: A 12-year single-center analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;49(3):316\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31818d7db3.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"1352_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.043","volume":"156","author":"A Uc","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uc A, Husain SZ. Pancreatitis in Children. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(7):1969\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.12.043.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1352_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, Vege SS; American College of Gastroenterology. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis [published correction appears in Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Feb;109(2):302].Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(9):1400\u20131416. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2013.218","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.218"},{"key":"1352_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lankisch PG, Apte M, Banks PA. Acute pancreatitis [published correction appears in Lancet. 2015 Nov 21;386(10008):2058].\u00a0Lancet. 2015;386(9988):85\u201396. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60649-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60649-8"},{"key":"1352_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hammami MB, Aboushaar R, Musmar A, Hammami S. Epstein-Barr virus-associated acute pancreatitis.\u00a0BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(11):e231744. Published 2019 Nov 14. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2019-231744","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-231744"},{"issue":"16","key":"1352_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.211875","volume":"130","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Yin SJ, Kong ZB, et al. Pancreatitis Combined with Epstein-Barr Virus-induced Infectious Mononucleosis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2017;130(16):2001\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0366-6999.211875.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1352_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196608112750609","volume":"275","author":"LC Wislocki","year":"1966","unstructured":"Wislocki LC. Acute pancreatitis in infectious mononucleosis. N Engl J Med. 1966;275(6):322\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM196608112750609.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1352_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1976.8.issue-2.12","volume":"8","author":"SA Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hedstr\u00f6m SA, Belfrage I. Acute pancreatitis in two cases of infectious mononucleosis. Scand J Infect Dis. 1976;8(2):124\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/inf.1976.8.issue-2.12.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1352_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198008000-00047","volume":"73","author":"W Werbitt","year":"1980","unstructured":"Werbitt W, Mohsenifar Z. Mononucleosis pancreatitis. South Med J. 1980;73(8):1094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007611-198008000-00047.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1352_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198307000-00014","volume":"2","author":"A Koutras","year":"1983","unstructured":"Koutras A. Epstein-Barr virus infection with pancreatitis, hepatitis and proctitis. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1983;2(4):312\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006454-198307000-00014.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1352_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.07.001","volume":"12","author":"T Khawcharoenporn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khawcharoenporn T, Lau WK, Chokrungvaranon N. Epstein-Barr virus infection with acute pancreatitis. Int J Infect Dis. 2008;12(2):227\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.07.001.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1352_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2013.16.1.61","volume":"16","author":"SJ Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang SJ, Yoon KH, Hwang JB. Epstein-barr virus infection with acute pancreatitis associated with cholestatic hepatitis. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2013;16(1):61\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5223\/pghn.2013.16.1.61.","journal-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"1352_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.4321\/s1130-01082013000700014","volume":"105","author":"MC L\u00f3pez-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2013","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez MC, Moreno-Conde M, Gallego-De-la-Sacristana-L\u00f3pez-Serrano \u00c1, Garc\u00eda-Catal\u00e1n-Gallego F, Villar-R\u00e1ez A. Acute pancreatitis as atypical manifestation of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2013;105(7):437\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4321\/s1130-01082013000700014.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig."},{"issue":"6","key":"1352_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2014.02.005","volume":"46","author":"A Galzerano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galzerano A, Nisi F, Angela S, Ranucci F. Acute Epstein-Barr virus pancreatitis with thoracic-abdominal abscess and portal compression. Dig Liver Dis. 2014;46(6):574\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dld.2014.02.005.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"1352_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5171\/2014.701301","volume":"2014","author":"H Narchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Narchi H, Bimal R, Epelman M, et al. Cholestatic hepatitis with pancreatitis as presenting features of Epstein-Barr virus infection. JMED Research. 2014;2014:1\u20134.","journal-title":"JMED Research"},{"key":"1352_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S333","DOI":"10.14309\/00000434-201210001-00810","volume":"107","author":"D Jahann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jahann D, Martin P. Epstein-Barr Virus Pancreatitis: 810. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:S333\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"3","key":"1352_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3844\/ajidsp.2015.83.87","volume":"11","author":"J Cook","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cook J, Kothari M, Nguyen A. Epistein-Barr virus infection with concurrent pancreatitis and hepatitis: a rare disease entity. Am J Infect Dis. 2015;11(3):83.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1352_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.06.011","volume":"9","author":"S Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh S, Khosla P. A rare case of acute pancreatitis and life-threatening hemolytic anemia associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection in a young healthy adult. J Infect Public Health. 2016;9(1):98\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.06.011.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"1352_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fiani E, Challita R, Badawaki H, Soukarieh K, Kyriakos Saad M, Saikaly E. Epstein\u2013Barr Virus-Induced Acute Hepatitis, Pancreatitis, and Pneumonitis in a Young Immunocompetent Adult: A Case Report. EMJ Respir. 2021; doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33590\/emjrespir\/21-00050.","DOI":"10.33590\/emjrespir\/21-00050"},{"key":"1352_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang L, Feng Z, Tang C. Gastrointestinal: A rare case of necrotic pancreatitis caused by Epstein-Barr virus [published online ahead of print, 2021 Nov 10].\u00a0J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.15721. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.15721","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15721 10.1111\/jgh.15721"}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01352-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01352-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01352-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T13:07:23Z","timestamp":1662383243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijponline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01352-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-022-01352-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1824-7288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1824-7288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Parent\u2019s informed written consent was provided.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"160"}}