{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:54:45Z","timestamp":1788321285102,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009367","name":"Mansoura University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Gram-negative bacilli represents an important pathogen in hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) worldwide. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in these pathogens warrants attention for the proper management of infections. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance represents a major therapeutic problem in infections due to Gram-negative bacilli.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>The present study aimed to study the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M by multiplex polymerase reaction in isolated Gram-negative bacilli from HAIs in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study included one hundred-five isolates of Gram-negative bacilli from pediatric patients with different types of HAIs. The isolates were subjected to full microbiological identification, antibiotics susceptibility by disc diffusion method, the phenotypic study of ESBL, and the genetic study of ESBL genes by multiplex PCR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty isolates of Gram-Negative bacilli showed ESBL activity by a phenotypic study by double disc diffusion method (50\/105). All ESBL producers\u2019 isolates were positive by PCR for ESBL genes. The most frequent gene was blaTEM (64%), followed by blaSHV (30%) and CTX-M (22%). Mixed genes were found in 4 isolates (8%) for blaTEM and blaSHV, blaTEM and CTX-M. There was a significant association between PCR for ESBL genes and phenotypic ESBL detection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). There was significant detection of ESBL genes in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (28%), followed by <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic> spp. (26%), <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> spp. (24%), <jats:italic>Serratia<\/jats:italic> (14%), <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> spp. (6%) and <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic> (2%), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01. There Seventy percent of isolates positive for ESBL production had an insignificant association between MDR and PCR for ESBL genes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.23).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study highlights the prevalence of ESBL activity among clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from hospital-acquired infections in pediatric patients. The most common gene responsible for this activity was blaTEM gee followed by blaSHV and blaCTX-M. There was a high prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance among isolates with ESBL activity. The finding of the present study denotes the importance of screening extended beta-lactamase among Gram-negative bacilli associated with HAIs in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-024-01599-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T10:01:54Z","timestamp":1708768914000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and molecular detection of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genotypes among gram-negative Bacilli isolates from hospital acquired infections in pediatrics, one institutional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Ahmed Gomaa Ahmed","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina F.","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nermene Youssef Abo","family":"El Kheir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maysaa El Sayed","family":"Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahman Eid Mahmoud","family":"Mossad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab Mohammed Fahmy","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1599_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0231949","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231949","volume":"15","author":"S Tassew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tassew S, Alebachew Woldu M, Amogne Degu W, Shibeshi W. Management of hospital-acquired infections among patients hospitalized at Zewditu memorial hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a prospective cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2020;15:e0231949.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1599_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-018-0676-5","volume":"169","author":"A Friedrich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Friedrich A. Control of hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance in Europe: the way to go. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2019;169:25\u201330.","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"1599_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03954.x","volume":"18","author":"H Richet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Richet H. Seasonality in gram-negative and healthcare-associated infections. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:934\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1599_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.07.020","volume":"42","author":"MA Gadallah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gadallah MA, Aboul Fotouh AM, Habil IS, Imam SS, Wassef G. Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in a tertiary hospital neonatal intensive care unit in Egypt: 1-year follow-up. Am J Infect Control. 2014;42:1207\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.07.020.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"1599_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00255","volume":"4","author":"F Walsh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walsh F. The multiple roles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature. Front Microbiol. 2013;4:255.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1599_CR6","first-page":"36","volume":"3","author":"E Habte-Gabr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Habte-Gabr E. Antimicrobial resistance: a global public health threat. J Eritrean Med Assoc. 2010;3:36\u201340.","journal-title":"J Eritrean Med Assoc"},{"key":"1599_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.06.001","volume":"11","author":"Y Chong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chong Y, Ito Y, Kamimura T. Genetic evolution and clinical impact in extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect Genet Evol. 2011;11:1499\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.06.001.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"1599_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx146","volume":"72","author":"ER Bevan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bevan ER, Jones AM, Hawkey PM. Global epidemiology of CTX-M \u03b2-lactamases: temporal and geographical shifts in genotype. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72:2145\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkx146.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1599_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.07.011","volume":"11","author":"Z Daoud","year":"2017","unstructured":"Daoud Z, Salem-Sokhn E, Dahdouh E, et al. Resistance and clonality in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. and relationship with antibiotic consumption in major Lebanese hospitals. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2017;11:45\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.07.011.","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"1599_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004","volume":"48","author":"R Bonnet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bonnet R. Growing group of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: the CTX-M enzymes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1599_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw283","volume":"63","author":"S Karanika","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karanika S, Karantanos T, Arvantis M, Grigoras C, E. Mylonakis fecal colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and risk factors among healthy individuals: a systematic review and metanalysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63:310\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1599_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01850.x","volume":"14","author":"R Canton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Canton R, Novais A, Valverde A, Machado E, Peixe L, Baquero F, et al. Prevalence and spread of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14:144\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1599_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01848.x","volume":"14","author":"K Bush","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bush K. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases in North America, 1987-2006. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14:134\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1599_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.3.630-637.2002","volume":"46","author":"A Chanawong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chanawong A, M'Zali FH, Heritage J, Xiong JH, Hawkey PM. Three cefotaxime, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-13, and CTX-M14, among Enterobacteriaceae in the People\u2019s Republic of China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46:630\u20137.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1599_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4486-4491.2005","volume":"43","author":"JH Chia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chia JH, Chu C, Su LH, Chiu CH, Kuo AJ, Sun CF, et al. Development of a multiplex PCR and SHV melting-curve mutation detection system for the detection of some SHV and CTX-M \u03b2-lactamases of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae in Taiwan. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:4486\u201391.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1599_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70041-0","volume":"8","author":"JDD Pitout","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pitout JDD, Laupland KB. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: an emerging public-health concern. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8:159\u201366.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1599_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.2.791-795.2006","volume":"50","author":"N Shibata","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shibata N, Kurokawa H, Doi Y, Yagi T, Yamane K, Wachino J, et al. PCR classification of CTX-M-type \u03b2-lactamase gene identified in clinically isolated gram-negative bacilli in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50:791\u20135.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1599_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.059279-0","volume":"62","author":"Y Chong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chong Y, Shimoda S, Yakushiji H, Ito Y, Miyamoto T, Kamimura T, et al. Community spread of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis: a long-term study in Japan. J Med Microbiol. 2013;62:1038\u201343.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"1599_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2018.09.005","volume":"25","author":"S Higa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Higa S, Sarassari R, Hamamoto K, Yakabi Y, Higa K, Koja Y, et al. Characterization of CTX-M type ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from asymptomatic healthy individuals who live in a community of the Okinawa prefecture, Japan. J Infect Chemother. 2019;25:314\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"1599_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08397-4","volume":"23","author":"AK Helmy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Helmy AK, Sidkey NM, El-Badawy RE, et al. The emergence of microbial infections in some hospitals of Cairo, Egypt: studying their corresponding antimicrobial resistance profiles. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23:424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08397-4.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1599_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnc.2016.09.012","volume":"29","author":"C Boev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boev C, Kiss E. Hospital-acquired infections: current trends and prevention. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2017;29(1):51\u201365.","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"1599_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00581-15","volume":"53","author":"NA Ledeboer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ledeboer NA, Lopansri BK, Dhiman N, Cavagnolo R, Carroll KC, Granato P, et al. Identification of gram-negative Bacteria and genetic resistance determinants from positive blood culture broths by use of the Verigene gram-negative blood culture multiplex microarray-based molecular assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2015;53(8):2460\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00581-15.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1599_CR23","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 28th ed. CLSI supplement M100","year":"2018","unstructured":"CLSI, editor. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 28th ed. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2018."},{"issue":"15","key":"1599_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-016-0121-9","volume":"29","author":"SM Hijazi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hijazi SM, Fawzi MA, Ali FM, Abd El Galil KH. Prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae in healthy children and associated risk factors. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2016;29(15):3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-016-0121-9.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"8","key":"1599_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2919","volume":"7","author":"MI Hassan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hassan MI, Alkharsah KR, Alzahrani AJ, Obeid OE, Khamis AH, Diab A. Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing isolates and effect of AmpC overlapping. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2013;7(8):618\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.2919.","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"1599_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02722358","volume":"68","author":"R Lodha","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lodha R, Natchu UC, Nanda M, Kabra SK. Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units. Indian J Pediatr. 2001;68:1063\u201370.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"1599_CR27","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"M Zabaglo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zabaglo M, Sharman T. Postoperative Wound Infection. 2022. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. Available at: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK560533\/. Accessed on 7 Dec 2022."},{"issue":"4","key":"1599_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.09.025","volume":"47","author":"Z Saleem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saleem Z, Hassali MA, Godman B, Hashmi FK, Saleem F. A multicenter point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections in Pakistan: findings and implications. Am J Infect Control. 2019;47(4):421\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.09.025.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"1599_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-022-04420-9","volume":"90","author":"A Kannan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kannan A, Pratyusha K, Thakur R, et al. Infections in critically ill children. Indian J Pediatr. 2023;90:289\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-022-04420-9.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1599_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-023-00799-w","volume":"12","author":"M Al Dabbagh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al Dabbagh M, Alghounaim M, Almaghrabi RH, Dbaibo G, Ghatasheh G, Ibrahim HM, et al. A narrative review of healthcare-associated gram-negative infections among pediatric patients in middle eastern countries. Infect Dis Ther. 2023;12(5):1217\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-023-00799-w.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"16","key":"1599_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S402278","volume":"23","author":"N Van An","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van An N, Hoang LH, Le HHL, Thai Son N, Hong LT, Viet TT, et al. Distribution, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of Bacteria isolated from blood culture in a teaching Hospital in Vietnam during 2014-2021. Infect Drug Resist. 2023;23(16):1677\u201392.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"10325","key":"1599_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","volume":"399","author":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399(10325):629\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0. Epub 2022 Jan 19. Erratum in: Lancet. 2022 Oct 1;400(10358):1102. PMID: 35065702; PMCID: PMC8841637","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1599_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08017-1","volume":"23","author":"NA El Aila","year":"2023","unstructured":"El Aila NA, Al Laham NA, Ayesh BM. Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and molecular detection of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genotypes among gram-negative bacilli isolates from the pediatric patient population in Gaza strip. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08017-1.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1599_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01855.x","volume":"14","author":"PM Hawkey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hawkey PM. Prevalence and clonality of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Asia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2008;14(Suppl 1):159\u201365.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"1599_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2009.21.4.383","volume":"21","author":"D Gur","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gur D, Hascelik G, Aydin N, Telli M, G\u00fcltekin M, Og\u00fcln\u00e7 D, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative hospital isolates: results of the Turkish HITIT-2 surveillance study of 2007. J Chemother. 2009;21(4):383\u20139.","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"1599_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2007.08.003","volume":"7","author":"F Perez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Perez F, Endimiani A, Hujer KM, Bonomo RA. The continuing challenge of ESBLs. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2007;7(5):459\u201369.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1599_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000109587","volume":"17","author":"M Al-Zarouni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-Zarouni M, Senok A, Rashid F, Al-Jesmi SM, Panigrahi D. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the United Arab Emirates. Med Princ Pract. 2008;17(1):32\u20136.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"1599_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0096","volume":"16","author":"MM Feizabadi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feizabadi MM, Delfani S, Raji N, Majnooni A, Aligholi M, Shahcheraghi F, et al. Distribution of Bla(TEM), Bla(SHV), Bla(CTX-M) genes among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae at Labbafinejad hospital, Tehran, Iran. Microb Drug Resist. 2010;16(1):49\u201353.","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"1599_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309478","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/309478","volume":"2015","author":"MS Rezai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rezai MS, Salehifar E, Rafiei A, Langaee T, Rafati M, Shafahi K, et al. Characterization of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among uropathogens of pediatrics in north of Iran. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:309478.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"1599_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2020.37.213.24988","volume":"37","author":"MH Dirar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dirar MH, Bilal NE, Ibrahim ME, Hamid ME. Prevalence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and molecular detection of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genotypes among Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients in Khartoum, Sudan. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;37:213.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1599_CR41","first-page":"368","volume":"12","author":"ME Ibrahim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ibrahim ME, Bilal NE, Hamid ME. Increased multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli from hospitals in Khartoum state. Sudan Afr Health Sci. 2012;12(3):368\u201375.","journal-title":"Sudan Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1599_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.12.100","volume":"7","author":"EM Trecarichi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Trecarichi EM, Cauda R, Tumbarello M. Detecting risk and predicting patient mortality in patients with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections. Future Microbiol. 2012;7(10):1173\u201389.","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1599_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.21.6.583.34537","volume":"21","author":"A Wong-Beringer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wong-Beringer A. Therapeutic challenges associated with extended-spectrum, beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Pharmacotherapy. 2001;21(5):583\u201392.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1599_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.012","volume":"50","author":"AM Kelly","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kelly AM, Mathema B, Larson EL. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the community: a scoping review. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2017;50(2):127\u201334.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"1599_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S290835","volume":"13","author":"MAA Majumder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Majumder MAA, Rahman S, Cohall D, Bharatha A, Singh K, Haque M, et al. Antimicrobial stewardship: fighting antimicrobial resistance and protecting global public health. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:4713\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S290835.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-024-01599-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13052-024-01599-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-024-01599-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T10:02:59Z","timestamp":1708768979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijponline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13052-024-01599-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-024-01599-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1824-7288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1824-7288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All methods were performed by the ethical standards as laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The ethical approval of the study was obtained from the ethical committee of Mansoura Faculty of Medicine (R.23.09.2330) and written approval was obtained from the parent of each child.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There is no conflict of interest for any of the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"31"}}