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These infants were divided into the response (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009160) and the non-response groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200961). 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in adenosine and dopamine receptor genes were genotyped. The basic characteristics and clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the differences in genotype distribution between the groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk and protective factors and develop a nomogram to predict caffeine citrate response in preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Preterm infants in the non-response group had lower gestational age, lower birth weight, longer periods of oxygen supplementation and caffeine citrate use, and higher incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and brain injury (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for all). The <jats:italic>ADORA1<\/jats:italic> rs10920573, <jats:italic>ADORA2B<\/jats:italic> rs2015353, <jats:italic>ADORA3<\/jats:italic> rs10776728, <jats:italic>DRD3<\/jats:italic> rs7625282, and <jats:italic>DRD3<\/jats:italic> rs6280 gene polymorphisms were associated with caffeine citrate response in preterm infants (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>FDR<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> &lt; 0.05 for all). The <jats:italic>ADORA1<\/jats:italic> rs10920573 CC (aOR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.34\u20139.25) and <jats:italic>DRD3<\/jats:italic> rs6280 CT genotypes (aOR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.53\u20136.65) were independent risk factors for non-response, whereas greater gestational age (aOR, 0.631; 95% CI, 0.53\u20130.75) was an independent protective factor for response. The concordance index of the nomogram was 0.764 (95% CI, 0.687\u20130.842), and the calibration and decision curve analysis indicated the nomogram had excellent predict performance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Adenosine receptor gene and dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms influence caffeine citrate treatment response in AOP. By combining genetic and clinical variables, it is possible to predict the response to caffeine citrate treatment in preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-024-01776-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T01:01:57Z","timestamp":1730163717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The association of gene polymorphisms of adenosine and dopamine receptors with the response to caffeine citrate treatment in infants with apnea of prematurity: a prospective nested case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Jiangbiao","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanru","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinzhu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1776_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eichenwald EC. 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