{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T02:13:28Z","timestamp":1784254408938,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The issue of retreatment with surfactant of infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been poorly investigated. Our aim was to identify possible clinical predictors of the need for multiple doses of surfactant in a large cohort of very preterm infants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data were analyzed from three previous studies on infants born between 25<jats:sup>+\u20090<\/jats:sup> and 31<jats:sup>+\u20096<\/jats:sup> weeks of gestation with RDS who were treated with surfactant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We studied 448 infants. Among them 306 (68%) were treated with a single dose of surfactant and 142 (32%) were treated with multiple doses. Multivariable mixed effects logistic regression analysis showed that the odd of requiring multiple doses of surfactant was significantly lower in patients with higher gestational age (27\u201328 vs. 25\u201326 wks: OR 0.46, 95% C.l. 0.26\u20130.79; <jats:italic>\u2265<\/jats:italic>29 vs. 25\u201326 wks: OR 0.34, 95% C.l. 0.13\u20130.85; overall <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013), while it increased in infants born to mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR 2.53, 95% C.l. 1.49\u20134.31; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and with hemodynamically significant PDA (OR 2.74, 95% C.l. 1.66\u20134.53, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Gestational age, hypertension in pregnancy, and hemodynamically significant PDA can predict the need for multiple doses of surfactant. Further investigation is needed to evaluate if these sub-groups of preterm infants represent specific phenotypes of RDS who deserve a peculiar surfactant treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-024-01828-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T17:15:06Z","timestamp":1736097306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical predictors for surfactant retreatment in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: the results of a pooled analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1639-621X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Dani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Poggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Agosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Bellettato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasqua","family":"Betta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Biban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Corvaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Falsaperla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Forcellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Gazzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eloisa","family":"Gitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Gizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Lista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Maffei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Mosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Scarpelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Sandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Trevisanuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Vento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iuri","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Pratesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Boni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1828_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.05.054","volume":"161","author":"EH Bancalari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bancalari EH, Jobe AH. The respiratory course of extremely preterm infants: a dilemma for diagnosis and terminology. J Pediatr. 2012;161:585\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1828_CR2","first-page":"CD007836","volume":"2","author":"N Seger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seger N, Soll R. Animal derived surfactant extract for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;2:CD007836.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1828_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ho JJ, Henderson-Smart DJ, Davis PG. Early versus delayed initiation of continuous distending pressure for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002:CD002975.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002975"},{"key":"1828_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevens TP, Blennow M, Soll RF. Early surfactant administration with brief ventilation vs. selective surfactant and continued mechanical ventilation for preterm infants with or at risk for RDS. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002:CD003063.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003063"},{"key":"1828_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2001.00624.x","volume":"37","author":"AM De Klerk","year":"2001","unstructured":"De Klerk AM, De Klerk RK. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure and outcomes of preterm infants. J Paediatr Child Health. 2001;37:161\u20137.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"1828_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050620","volume":"156","author":"MK Gittermann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gittermann MK, Fusch C, Gittermann AR, Regazzoni BM, Moessinger AC. Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment reduces the need for intubation in very low birth weight infants. Eur J Pediatr. 1997;156:384\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"1828_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2002.0132","volume":"7","author":"RA Polin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Polin RA, Sahni R. Newer experience with CPAP. Semin Neonatol. 2002;7:379\u201389.","journal-title":"Semin Neonatol"},{"key":"1828_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1582395","volume":"33","author":"C Dani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dani C. Surfactant treatment threshold during ncpap for the treatment of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Perinatol. 2016;33:925\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"1828_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000528914","volume":"120","author":"DG Sweet","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sweet DG, Carnielli VP, Greisen G, Mikko Hallman M, Klebermass-Schrehof K, Ozek E, et al. European consensus guidelines on the management of respiratory distress syndrome: 2022 update. Neonatology. 2023;120:3\u201323.","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"1828_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26337","volume":"58","author":"L Capasso","year":"2023","unstructured":"Capasso L, Pacella D, Migliaro F, Salom\u00e8 S, Grasso F, Corsini I, et al. Can lung ultrasound score accurately predict surfactant replacement? A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test studies-In reply. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023;58:1427\u201337.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"1828_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05200-z","volume":"182","author":"I Corsini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corsini I, Lenzi MB, Ciarci\u00e0 M, Matina F, Petoello E, Flore AI, et al. Comparison among three lung ultrasound scores used to predict the need for surfactant replacement therapy: a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study in a cohort of preterm infants. Eur J Pediatr. 2023;182:5375\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"1828_CR12","first-page":"CD000141","volume":"1","author":"R Soll","year":"2009","unstructured":"Soll R, Ozek E. Multiple versus single doses of exogenous surfactant for the prevention or treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;1:CD000141.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1828_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-00779-9","volume":"41","author":"H Coshal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coshal H, Mukerji A, Lemyre B, Ng EH, Alvaro R, Ethier G, Yoon EW, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of preterm neonates according to number of doses of surfactant received. J Perinatol. 2021;41:39\u201346.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"1828_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019360","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-0462\/2021\/39\/2019360","volume":"39","author":"WAG Ferri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferri WAG, da Silva AC, Sacramento EMF, Calixto C, Aragon DC, Caldas JPS. Retreatment with surfactant in very low birth weight preterm infants: risk predictors and their influence on neonatal outcomes. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2020;39:e2019360.","journal-title":"Rev Paul Pediatr"},{"key":"1828_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113535","volume":"261","author":"L Lanciotti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lanciotti L, Pasqualini M, Correani A, Burattini I, Giorgetti C, Palazzi ML, et al. Who needs a second dose of exogenous surfactant? J Pediatr. 2023;261:113535.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1828_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-2091-2","volume":"37","author":"PE Cogo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cogo PE, Facco M, Simonato M, De Luca D, De Terlizi F, Rizzotti U, et al. Pharmacokinetics and clinical predictors of surfactant redosing in respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37:510\u20137.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1828_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663697","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.663697","volume":"9","author":"E Greiner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Greiner E, Wittwer A, Albuisson E, Hasco\u00ebt JM. Outcome of very premature newborn receiving an early second dose of surfactant for persistent respiratory distress syndrome. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:663697.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"1828_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e457","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1692","volume":"135","author":"G Lista","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lista G, Boni L, Scopesi F, Boni L, Agosti M, Biban P, Del Vecchio A, et al. Sustained lung inflation at birth for preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial. Pediatrics. 2015;135:e457\u201364.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1828_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26879","volume":"59","author":"C Dani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dani C, Napolitano M, Barone C, Manna A, Nigro G, Scarpelli G, et al. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation during less invasive surfactant administration in preterm infants: an open-label randomized controlled study. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2024;59:1006\u201314.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"1828_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-022-00541-y","volume":"25","author":"C Dani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dani C, Cecchi A, Ciarci\u00e0 M, Miselli F, Luzzati M, Remaschi G, et al. Enteral and parenteral treatment with caffeine for preterm infants in the delivery room: a randomised trial. Paediatr Drugs. 2023;25:79\u201386.","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"1828_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1313828","volume":"31","author":"C Dani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dani C, Mosca F, Vento G, Tagliabue P, Picone S, Lista G, et al. Effects of surfactant treatment in late preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31:1259\u201366.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"1828_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S196","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3373G","volume":"136","author":"MH Wyckof","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wyckof MH, Aziz K, Escobedo MB, Kapadia VS, Kattwinkel J, Perlman JM, et al. Part 13: neonatal resuscitation: 2015 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care (reprint). Pediatrics. 2015;136:S196\u2013218.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1828_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0","volume":"92","author":"LS Papile","year":"1978","unstructured":"Papile LS, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffler H. Incidence and evolution of the sub-ependymal intraventricular hemorrhage; a study of infants weighing less than 1500 grams. J Pediatr. 1978;92:529\u201334.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1828_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(05)80189-5","volume":"49","author":"LS De Vries","year":"1992","unstructured":"De Vries LS, Eken P, Dubowitz LM. The spectrum of leukomalacia using cranial ultrasounds. Beha Brain Res. 1992;49:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Beha Brain Res"},{"key":"1828_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.7.991","volume":"123","author":"International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity","year":"2005","unstructured":"International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The International classification of retinopathy of Prematurity revisited. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123:991\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1828_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell MJ, Ternberg JL, Feigin RD, Keating JP, Marshall R, Barton L et al. T. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: Therapeutic decisions based upon clinical staging. Ann Surg 1978;187:1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197801000-00001"},{"key":"1828_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0249","volume":"116","author":"RA Ehrenkranz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ehrenkranz RA, Walsh MC, Vohr BR, Jobe AH, Wright LL, Fanaroff AA, et al. National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Validation of the National Institutes of Health consensus definition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatrics. 2005;116:1353\u201360.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1828_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38813-1","volume":"27","author":"M Oulton","year":"1986","unstructured":"Oulton M, Fraser M, Dolphin M, Yoon R, Faulkner G. Quantification of surfactant pool sizes in rabbit lung during perinatal development. J Lipid Res. 1986;27:602\u201312.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"1828_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(74)90194-X","volume":"120","author":"L Gluck","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gluck L, Kulovich MV, Borer RC Jr, Keidel WN. The interpretation and significance of the lecithin\u2013sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1974;120:142\u201355.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1828_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.5.9905088","volume":"161","author":"M Torresin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Torresin M, Zimmermann LJ, Cogo PE, Cavicchioli P, Badon T, Giordano G, et al. Exogenous surfactant kinetics in infant respiratory distress syndrome: a novel method with stable isotopes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:1584\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1828_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2009.32","volume":"29","author":"VP Carnielli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carnielli VP, Zimmermann LJI, Hamvas A, Cogo PE. Pulmonary surfactant kinetics of the newborn infant: novel insights from studies with stable isotopes. J Perinatol. 2009;29(Suppl 2):S29\u201337.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"1828_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-019-0336-5","volume":"85","author":"T Tagliaferro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tagliaferro T, Jain D, Vanbuskirk S, Bancalari E, Claure N. Maternal preeclampsia and respiratory outcomes in extremely premature infants. Pediatr Res. 2019;85:693\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"1828_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen CM, Wang LF. High-dose vascular endothelial growth factor increases surfactant protein gene expressions in preterm rat lung. Early Hum Dev 3007;83:581\u20134.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2006.12.005"},{"key":"1828_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-023-01689-2","volume":"43","author":"MS Beauchene","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beauchene MS, Cunningham AM, Stanford AH, Bischoff AR, Dagle JM, Rios DR, et al. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and response to late surfactant treatment in premature infants. J Perinatol. 2023;43:1245\u201351.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"1828_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199602000-00008","volume":"39","author":"R Bruni","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bruni R, Bunchen RF, David-Cu R, Taeusch HW, Walther FJ. Inactivation of surfactant in rat lungs. Pediatr Res. 1996;39:234\u201340.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"1828_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5982","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SM00926J","volume":"11","author":"MP Krafft","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krafft MP. Overcoming inactivation of the lung surfactant by serum proteins: a potential role for fluorocarbons? Soft Matter. 2015;11:5982\u201394.","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"1828_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L575","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00226.2009","volume":"298","author":"S Orgeig","year":"2010","unstructured":"Orgeig S, Crittenden TA, Marchant C, McMillen IC, Morrison JL. Intrauterine growth restriction delays surfactant protein maturation in the sheep fetus. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2010;298:L575\u201383.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"1828_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L459","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.276.2.C459","volume":"276","author":"R Gagnon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gagnon R, Langridge J, Inchley K, Murotsuki J, Possmayer F. Changes in surfactant-associated protein mRNA profile in growth-restricted fetal sheep. Am J Physiol. 1999;276:L459\u2013465.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-024-01828-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13052-024-01828-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-024-01828-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T18:02:04Z","timestamp":1736100124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijponline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13052-024-01828-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-024-01828-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1824-7288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1824-7288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All studies used for pooled analyses were approved by pediatric ethics committees of Tuscany (ID 29\/2011, ID 234\/2019, and ID 58\/2019, respectively) and carried out in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Infants were enrolled after informed parental consent. Only data of infants who were treated with surfactant were analyzed. Local ethics committees approved the study. Parental consent was not required because this is a retrospective study and data were anonymized.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Prof. Carlo Dani received honoraria from Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA and Vyaire Medical Inc. for scientific consultancies. Other authors declare that there are no conflicts of interests. Prof. Carlo Dani and Dr. Raffaele Falsaperla are members of the Editorial Board of the Italian Journal of Pediatrics.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1"}}