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However, due to economic and social development constraints, pediatrics need help regarding resources and technology. The level of pediatric medical care remains inadequate.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This article constructs an MDM matrix framework for the pediatric medical nursing level. Combining the lean model theory, the key indicators of children's medical care are analyzed. Thus, it helps medical institutions scientifically evaluate and guide pediatric nursing. Based on the linkage extension of the MDM model and the DEA-Malmquist model, an evaluation system was established to reflect the current situation of pediatric drug use in China. The study used provincial indicator data on pediatric medication in China from 2015 to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We found that indicators such as physician literacy, health records, child status, and parental awareness were the most important under different medication cycles and goals. The importance of pre-administration evaluation was as high as 53.5%, and the importance of post-administration evaluation was only 13.7%. The efficacy of pediatric medication in developed provinces was significantly optimized. The input\u2013output structure of pediatric medication in superior provinces was consistent with the feedback sequence of the MDM matrix.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This indicates that the evaluation results of the MDM matrix have guiding significance for optimizing pediatric medication efficacy. This paper aims to help developing countries establish an optimized pediatric medication evaluation system and improve the pediatric healthcare environment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-025-01893-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T15:24:07Z","timestamp":1738941847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling and scientific analysis of pediatric medication evaluation based on MDM-DEA-Malmquist model: construction of health management in pediatrics in developing countries"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Kaixian","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoqin","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1893_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paediatrician S W C , Officer N P P ,Renata Krchnakova B Ed EC AEDI Project Coordinator,et al.Equitable access to developmental surveillance and early intervention \u2013 understanding the barriers for children from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds.Health Expectations, 2015.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hex.12318.","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12318"},{"key":"1893_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hiscock H , Holman J , O'Loughlin R ,et al.Strengthening Primary Care for Children through an integrated paediatrician-GP care model.International Journal of Integrated Care, 2021(3).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/IJIC.S4017.","DOI":"10.5334\/IJIC.S4017"},{"issue":"4","key":"1893_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5334\/ijic.s3047","volume":"19","author":"H Hiscock","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hiscock H, O\u2019Loughlin R, Laird C, et al. 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