{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T09:10:09Z","timestamp":1746522609061,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["240196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["240196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ital J Pediatr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-025-01948-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T08:02:55Z","timestamp":1746086575000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association of COVID- 19 parental immunization and transmission of disease to offspring: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Milad","family":"Maghsoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Keivanfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyede Shahrbanoo","family":"Daniali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roya","family":"Kelishadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1948_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Archer, H., McCoy, S. I., Sears, D., Kwan, A., Kuersten, M., Lewnard, J. A., & Bertozzi, S. M. (2024). Indirect vaccine effectiveness in an outbreak of Alpha B.1.1.7 variant in a California state Prison, May 2021. Vaccine. 2024;42(12):3057\u20133065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.03.062.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.03.062"},{"issue":"5","key":"1948_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-4642(22)00060-8","volume":"6","author":"ED Belay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Belay ED, Godfred-Cato S. SARS-CoV-2 spread and hospitalisations in paediatric patients during the omicron surge. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022;6(5):280\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2352-4642(22)00060-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"1948_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Butt, A. A., Dargham, S. R., Loka, S., Shaik, R. M., Chemaitelly, H., Tang, P., . . . Abu-Raddad, L. J. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Disease Severity in Children Infected With the Omicron Variant. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75(1):e361-e367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac275.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac275"},{"issue":"3","key":"1948_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01161-3","volume":"91","author":"B Christophers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Christophers B, Gallo Marin B, Oliva R, Powell WT, Savage TJ, Michelow IC. Trends in clinical presentation of children with COVID-19: a systematic review of individual participant data. Pediatr Res. 2022;91(3):494\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41390-020-01161-3.","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"1948_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cinicola, B., Conti, M. G., Terrin, G., Sgrulletti, M., Elfeky, R., Carsetti, R., . . . Duse, M. The Protective Role of Maternal Immunization in Early Life. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:638871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.638871.","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.638871"},{"key":"1948_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cloete J, Kruger A, Masha M, du Plessis NM, Mawela D, Tshukudu M, Manyane T, Komane L, Venter M, Jassat W, Goga A, Feucht U. Rapid rise in paediatric COVID-19 hospitalisations during the early stages of the Omicron wave, Tshwane District, South Africa. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.12.21.21268108.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.12.21.21268108"},{"key":"1948_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cloete, J., Kruger, A., Masha, M., du Plessis, N. M., Mawela, D., Tshukudu, M., . . . Feucht, U. (2022). Paediatric hospitalisations due to COVID-19 during the first SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) variant wave in South Africa: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022;6(5):294\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2352-4642(22)00027-x.","DOI":"10.1016\/s2352-4642(22)00027-x"},{"key":"1948_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cordery, R., Reeves, L., Zhou, J., Rowan, A., Watber, P., Rosadas, C., . . . Sriskandan, S. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by children to contacts in schools and households: a prospective cohort and environmental sampling study in London. Lancet Microbe. 2022;3(11):e814-e823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2666-5247(22)00124-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-5247(22)00124-0"},{"key":"1948_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cui, X., Zhao, Z., Zhang, T., Guo, W., Guo, W., Zheng, J., . . . Cai, C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Med Virol. 2021;93(2):1057\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26398.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26398"},{"issue":"8","key":"1948_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0962-9","volume":"26","author":"NG Davies","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davies NG, Klepac P, Liu Y, Prem K, Jit M, Eggo RM. Age-dependent effects in the transmission and control of COVID-19 epidemics. Nat Med. 2020;26(8):1205\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-020-0962-9.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1948_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Derqui, N., Koycheva, A., Zhou, J., Pillay, T. D., Crone, M. A., Hakki, S., . . . Lalvani, A. (2023). Risk factors and vectors for SARS-CoV-2 household transmission: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Microbe. 2023;4(6):e397-e408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2666-5247(23)00069-1","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-5247(23)00069-1"},{"key":"1948_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Drefahl, S., Wallace, M., Mussino, E., Aradhya, S., Kolk, M., Brand\u00e9n, M., . . . Andersson, G. A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):5097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18926-3.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18926-3"},{"key":"1948_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n3104","volume":"375","author":"O Dyer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dyer O. Covid-19: Omicron is causing more infections but fewer hospital admissions than delta. South African data show Bmj. 2021;375: n3104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n3104.","journal-title":"South African data show Bmj"},{"key":"1948_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Esfahanian, N., Shirvani, F., Bazgir, N., Karimi , A., Rafiei Tabatabaei, S., Armin, S., . . . Esfahanian, Y. Investigation of Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings of COVID-19 During National Peaks of Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron in the Pediatric Emergency Department of Mofid Children&#039;s Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Arch Pediatr Infect Dis. 2023;11(3):e134554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/pedinfect-134554.","DOI":"10.5812\/pedinfect-134554"},{"key":"1948_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134411","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1134411","volume":"11","author":"M Golzarpour","year":"2023","unstructured":"Golzarpour M, Santana P, Sajjadi H, Harouni GA, G., Costa, C., Ziapour, A., \u2026 Afrashteh, S. The influence of home and environmental characteristics on 5\u201318 years old children\u2019s health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Iran. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1134411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1134411.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"1948_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149231","volume":"798","author":"J Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves J, da Silva PG, Reis L, Nascimento MSJ, Koritnik T, Paragi M, Mesquita JR. Surface contamination with SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review. Sci Total Environ. 2021;798: 149231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149231.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"1948_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073259","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1073259","volume":"11","author":"M-M Gouya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gouya M-M, Seif-Farahi K, Hemmati P. An overview of Iran\u2019s actions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and in building health system resilience. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1073259.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"1948_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G\u00fcnes, \u00d6., G\u00fclhan, B., Guney, A. Y., \u00dc\u00e7karde\u015f, F., Ozen, S., Guder, L., . . . Ozkaya-Parlakay, A. (2022). Do parents vaccinated against COVID-19 protect their children from hospitalization due to COVID-19? J Trop Pediatr. 2022;69(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tropej\/fmac105.","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmac105"},{"key":"1948_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iser BPM, Sliva I, Raymundo VT, Poleto MB, Schuelter-Trevisol F, Bobinski F. Suspected COVID-19 case definition: a narrative review of the most frequent signs and symptoms among confirmed cases. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2020;29(3):e2020233. English, Portuguese. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5123\/S1679-49742020000300018.","DOI":"10.5123\/S1679-49742020000300018"},{"issue":"11","key":"1948_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1467","volume":"72","author":"H Kanamori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanamori H, Weber DJ, Rutala WA. Role of the Healthcare Surface Environment in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission and Potential Control Measures. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(11):2052\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1467.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1948_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kannan, S., Shaik Syed Ali, P., & Sheeza, A. (2021). Omicron (B.1.1.529) - variant of concern - molecular profile and epidemiology: a mini review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021;25(24): 8019\u20138022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_202112_27653.","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202112_27653"},{"key":"1948_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, J., Choe, Y. J., Lee, J., Park, Y. J., Park, O., Han, M. S., . . . Choi, E. H. Role of children in household transmission of COVID-19. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2021;106(7):709\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319910.","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319910"},{"key":"1948_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-130","volume":"6","author":"A Kramer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kramer A, Schwebke I, Kampf G. How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-6-130.","journal-title":"A systematic review BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7890","key":"1948_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-03794-8","volume":"600","author":"H Ledford","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ledford H. How severe are Omicron infections? Nature. 2021;600(7890):577\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-021-03794-8.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1948_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leung, M. W., O'Donoghue, M., & Suen, L. K. Personal and Household Hygiene Measures for Preventing Upper Respiratory Tract Infections among Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Parental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;20(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20010229.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010229"},{"issue":"6","key":"1948_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15270","volume":"109","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatr. 2020;109(6):1088\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.15270.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"1948_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maltezou, H. C., Vorou, R., Papadima, K., Kossyvakis, A., Spanakis, N., Gioula, G., . . . Papa, A. Transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 within families with children in Greece: A study of 23 clusters. J Med Virol. 2021;93(3):1414\u20131420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26394.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26394"},{"issue":"1","key":"1948_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.7326\/m20-5008","volume":"174","author":"EA Meyerowitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meyerowitz EA, Richterman A, Gandhi RT, Sax PE. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Viral, Host, and Environmental Factors. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(1):69\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/m20-5008.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1948_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakhostin-Ansari, A., Zimet, G. D., Khonji, M. S., Aghajani, F., Teymourzadeh, A., Rastegar Kazerooni, A. A., . . . Memari, A. H. Acceptance or Rejection of the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Study on Iranian People\u2019s Opinions toward the COVID-19 Vaccine. 2022;10(5):670. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/10\/5\/670.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10050670"},{"issue":"5","key":"1948_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-321385","volume":"106","author":"I Omar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Omar I, Fiona M, Kun T, Li J, Zohra SL, Zulfiqar B. Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of paediatric COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child. 2021;106(5):440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2020-321385.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"1948_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oordt-Speets, A., Spinardi, J., Mendoza, C., Yang, J., Morales, G., McLaughlin, J. M., & Kyaw, M. H. (2023). Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination on Transmission: A Systematic Review. COVID. 2023;3(10):1516\u20131527. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-8112\/3\/10\/103.","DOI":"10.3390\/covid3100103"},{"key":"1948_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pillai, A., Nayak, A., Tiwari, D., Pillai, P. K., Pandita, A., Sakharkar, S., . . . Kabra, N. (2023). COVID-19 Disease in Under-5 Children: Current Status and Strategies for Prevention including Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel). 2023;11(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines11030693.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines11030693"},{"key":"1948_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Redfern, A., van der Zalm, M. M., Lishman, J., Goussard, P., Smit, L., Dagan, R., . . . Verhagen, L. M. (2023). Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Acute Respiratory Illnesses in South African Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2023;42(8):672\u2013678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/inf.0000000000003951.","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0000000000003951"},{"issue":"1","key":"1948_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-01242-z","volume":"19","author":"Y Rozenfeld","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rozenfeld Y, Beam J, Maier H, Haggerson W, Boudreau K, Carlson J, Medows R. A model of disparities: risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection. Int J Equity Health. 2020;19(1):126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-020-01242-z.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1948_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2021.33.4-9","volume":"33","author":"N Salihefendic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salihefendic N, Zildzic M, Huseinagic H, Ahmetagic S, Salihefendic D, Masic I. Intrafamilial Spread of COVID-19 Infection Within Population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mater Sociomed. 2021;33(1):4\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/msm.2021.33.4-9.","journal-title":"Mater Sociomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"1948_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28825-4","volume":"13","author":"J Salo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salo J, H\u00e4gg M, Kortelainen M, Leino T, Saxell T, Siikanen M, S\u00e4\u00e4ksvuori L. The indirect effect of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination on healthcare workers\u2019 unvaccinated household members. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):1162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-28825-4.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"1948_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.18502\/ajmb.v14i2.8881","volume":"14","author":"A Shamabadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shamabadi A, Akhondzadeh S. Coronavirus Vaccination and Mortality in the Omicron Outbreak in Iran: Mortality Reduction due to Attenuated Pathogenicity and Booster Vaccine Doses. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol. 2022;14(2):102\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ajmb.v14i2.8881.","journal-title":"Avicenna J Med Biotechnol"},{"key":"1948_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singanayagam, A., Hakki, S., Dunning, J., Madon, K. J., Crone, M. A., Koycheva, A., . . . Lalvani, A. Community transmission and viral load kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in the UK: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(2):183\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(21)00648-4","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(21)00648-4"},{"key":"1948_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su, D., Chen, Y., He, K., Zhang, T., Tan, M., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2020). Influence of socio-ecological factors on COVID-19 risk: a cross-sectional study based on 178 countries\/regions worldwide. medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.23.20077545.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.23.20077545"},{"issue":"2","key":"1948_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.05.022","volume":"64","author":"JW Tang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tang JW, Li Y, Eames I, Chan PK, Ridgway GL. Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises. J Hosp Infect. 2006;64(2):100\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.05.022.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"1948_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13478","volume":"292","author":"A Vitiello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vitiello A, Ferrara F, Auti AM, Di Domenico M, Boccellino M. Advances in the Omicron variant development. J Intern Med. 2022;292(1):81\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.13478.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"1948_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.06.003","volume":"44","author":"J Wei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wei J, Li Y. Airborne spread of infectious agents in the indoor environment. Am J Infect Control. 2016;44(9 Suppl):S102-108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.06.003.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"10","key":"1948_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287048","volume":"18","author":"K Yadav","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yadav K, K, J. S., Meena, S., Kumar, R., Kaur, R., Bairwa, M., \u2026 Rahman, A. Household transmission investigation for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a rural and urban population of north India. PLoS ONE. 2023;18(10): e0287048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0287048.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1948_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yigit, M., Ince, Y. E., Kalayci, F., Santaflioglu, B., Kurt, F., Ozkaya-Parlakay, A., . . . Senel, E. The Impact of Childhood and Parental Vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates in Children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2022;41(10):841\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/inf.0000000000003625.","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0000000000003625"},{"key":"1948_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zare Sakhvidi, M. J., Danaei, N., Dadvand, P., Mehrparvar, A. H., Heidari-Beni, M., Nouripour, S., . . . Kelishadi, R. (2021). The Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) Birth Cohort protocol: rationale, design and methodology %J Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. 2021;12(2):241\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1332\/175795920x16062247639874.","DOI":"10.1332\/175795920x16062247639874"},{"key":"1948_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Y, You Ch, Gai X, Lydeamore M, Yin P, Qi P, Zhou M, Li J, Zhou X-H. Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 along the Evolution of Pandemic. 2023, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2768212\/v1.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2768212\/v1"},{"issue":"2","key":"1948_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.025","volume":"106","author":"C Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng C, Hafezi-Bakhtiari N, Cooper V, Davidson H, Habibi M, Riley P, Breathnach A. Characteristics and transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in healthcare workers at a London teaching hospital. J Hosp Infect. 2020;106(2):325\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.025.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"}],"container-title":["Italian Journal of Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-025-01948-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13052-025-01948-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13052-025-01948-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T08:38:04Z","timestamp":1746520684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijponline.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13052-025-01948-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-025-01948-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1824-7288"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1824-7288"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Science (IR.ARI.MUI.REC.1401.197) and conformed to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki informed consent to participate in the study obtained from participants for their children and themselves.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication was obtained from the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"131"}}