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The study has been reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of Nanjing Lishui People\u2019s Hospital (Ethics Approval No.: 2025KY0922-02). Although written informed consent from the children\u2019s guardians was not separately obtained due to the retrospective nature of the study, the Ethics Committee has verified that: the research data are non-identifiable information generated during routine clinical diagnosis and treatment; the study results can be used to clarify the influencing factors of bronchopneumonia complicated with diarrhea in children and optimize clinical nursing protocols, ultimately providing evidence-based support for reducing the incidence of pneumonia-related complications in children and improving their prognosis. The public health value and potential benefits of the study are significantly greater than the risks, which is in line with the ethical principle of \u201creasonable risk-benefit ratio\u201d.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"149"}}