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It has been proven that high partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) reduces the rate of surgical-wound infections and mortality in patients under major surgery. The aim of this study is to examine whether PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      is associated with risk of death in adult patients with sepsis\/septic shock after major surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study in 454 patients who underwent major surgery admitted into a single ICU. Patients were stratified in two groups whether they had hyperoxemia, defined as PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u2009100\u00a0mmHg (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009216), or PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009100\u00a0mmHg (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009238) at the day of sepsis\/septic shock onset according to SEPSIS-3 criteria maintained during 48\u00a0h. Primary end-point was 90-day mortality after diagnosis of sepsis. Secondary endpoints were ICU length of stay and time to extubation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In patients with PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009100\u00a0mmHg, we found prolonged mechanical ventilation (2 [8] vs. 1 [4] days,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), higher ICU stay (8 [13] vs. 5 [9] days,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), higher organ dysfunction as assessed by SOFA score (9 [3] vs. 7 [5],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), higher prevalence of septic shock (200\/238, 84.0% vs 145\/216) 67.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and higher 90-day mortality (37.0% [88] vs. 25.5% [55],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008). Hyperoxemia was associated with higher probability of 90-day survival in a multivariate analysis (OR 0.61, 95%CI: 0.39\u20130.95,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.029), independent of age, chronic renal failure, procalcitonin levels, and APACHE II score &gt;\u200919. These findings were confirmed when patients with severe hypoxemia at the time of study inclusion were excluded.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Oxygenation with a PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      above 100\u00a0mmHg was independently associated with lower 90-day mortality, shorter ICU stay and intubation time in critically ill postsurgical sepsis\/septic shock patients. Our findings open a new venue for designing clinical trials to evaluate the boundaries of PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      in postsurgical patients with severe infections.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03875-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T19:02:46Z","timestamp":1641754966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Hyperoxemia in postsurgical sepsis\/septic shock patients is associated with reduced mortality"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Mart\u00edn-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Heredia-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Lorenzo-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"G\u00f3mez-Pesquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Poves-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. 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