{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T03:12:38Z","timestamp":1793502758522,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003669","name":"Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-10-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-10-026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Timely administration of antibiotics is one of the most important interventions in reducing mortality in sepsis. However, administering antibiotics within a strict time threshold in all patients suspected with sepsis will require huge amount of effort and resources and may increase the risk of unintentional exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients without infection with its consequences. Thus, controversy still exists on whether clinicians should target different time-to-antibiotics thresholds for patients with sepsis versus septic shock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study analyzed prospectively collected data from an ongoing multicenter cohort of patients with sepsis identified in the emergency department. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were compared for in-hospital mortality of patients who had received antibiotics within 1\u00a0h to that of those who did not. Spline regression models were used to assess the association of time-to-antibiotics as continuous variables and increasing risk of in-hospital mortality. The differences in the association between time-to-antibiotics and in-hospital mortality were assessed according to the presence of septic shock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 3035 patients were included in the analysis. Among them, 601 (19.8%) presented with septic shock, and 774 (25.5%) died. The adjusted OR for in-hospital mortality of patients whose time-to-antibiotics was within 1\u00a0h was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61\u20130.99;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046). The adjusted OR for in-hospital mortality was 0.66 (95% CI 0.44\u20130.99;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.049) and statistically significant in patients with septic shock, whereas it was 0.85 (95% CI 0.64\u20131.15;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.300) in patients with sepsis but without shock. Among patients who received antibiotics within 3\u00a0h, those with septic shock showed 35% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.042) increased risk of mortality for every 1-h delay in antibiotics, but no such trend was observed in patients without shock.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Timely administration of antibiotics improved outcomes in patients with septic shock; however, the association between early antibiotic administration and outcome was not as clear in patients with sepsis without shock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03883-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T04:03:03Z","timestamp":1642046583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Time-to-antibiotics and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a prospective nationwide multicenter cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yunjoo","family":"Im","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danbee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoung-Eun","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Yoon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunghoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Jin","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Ryang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Hyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Kyu","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chae-Man","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gee Young","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Korean Sepsis Alliance (KSA) investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chae-Man","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Bum","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Kyu","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gee Young","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeongman","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoung-Eun","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Jae","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Yoon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunghoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeongwon","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-myeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youjin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeongman","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chae-Man","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk-Kyung","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo Hyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Hyun","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heung Bum","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Joon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil Myeong","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song-I.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunghoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai Sun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Young","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"3883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801\u201310.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"3883_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000330","volume":"42","author":"R Ferrer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferrer R, Martin-Loeches I, Phillips G, Osborn TM, Townsend S, Dellinger RP, et al. Empiric antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock from the first hour: results from a guideline-based performance improvement program. Crit Care Med. 2014;42(8):1749\u201355.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3883_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9","volume":"34","author":"A Kumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE, Light B, Parrillo JE, Sharma S, et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(6):1589\u201396.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3883_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181cc4824","volume":"38","author":"DF Gaieski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gaieski DF, Mikkelsen ME, Band RA, Pines JM, Massone R, Furia FF, et al. Impact of time to antibiotics on survival in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in whom early goal-directed therapy was initiated in the emergency department. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(4):1045\u201353.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3883_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R111","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4995","volume":"10","author":"J Garnacho-Montero","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garnacho-Montero J, Aldabo-Pallas T, Garnacho-Montero C, Cayuela A, Jim\u00e9nez R, Barroso S, et al. Timing of adequate antibiotic therapy is a greater determinant of outcome than are TNF and IL-10 polymorphisms in patients with sepsis. Crit Care. 2006;10(4):R111.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"3883_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-015-0493-6","volume":"17","author":"SY Liang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang SY, Kumar A. Empiric Antimicrobial Therapy in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: Optimizing Pathogen Clearance. Current Infectious Disease Reports. 2015;17(7):36.","journal-title":"Current Infectious Disease Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"3883_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.02.008","volume":"155","author":"ID Peltan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peltan ID, Brown SM, Bledsoe JR, Sorensen J, Samore MH, Allen TL, et al. ED door-to-antibiotic time and long-term mortality in sepsis. Chest. 2019;155(5):938\u201346.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"3883_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002255","volume":"45","author":"A Rhodes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(3):486\u2013552.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3883_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5085-0","volume":"44","author":"MM Levy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Levy MM, Evans LE, Rhodes A. The surviving sepsis campaign bundle: 2018 update. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(6):925\u20138.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"3883_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3906-y","volume":"41","author":"A Rhodes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rhodes A, Phillips G, Beale R, Cecconi M, Chiche JD, De Backer D, et al. The surviving sepsis campaign bundles and outcome: results from the International Multicentre Prevalence Study on Sepsis (the IMPreSS study). Intensive Care Med. 2015;41(9):1620\u20138.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3883_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000723","volume":"43","author":"MM Levy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levy MM, Rhodes A, Phillips GS, Townsend SR, Schorr CA, Beale R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: association between performance metrics and outcomes in a 7.5-year study. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(1):3\u201312.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3883_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004863","volume":"49","author":"SP Taylor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taylor SP, Anderson WE, Beam K, Taylor B, Ellerman J, Kowalkowski MA. The association between antibiotic delay intervals and hospital mortality among patients treated in the emergency department for suspected sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2021;49(5):741\u20137.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"3883_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31821e87ab","volume":"39","author":"MA Puskarich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Puskarich MA, Trzeciak S, Shapiro NI, Arnold RC, Horton JM, Studnek JR, et al. Association between timing of antibiotic administration and mortality from septic shock in patients treated with a quantitative resuscitation protocol. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(9):2066\u201371.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"3883_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix997","volume":"66","author":"IST Force","year":"2018","unstructured":"Force IST. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) position statement: why IDSA did not endorse the surviving sepsis campaign guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(10):1631\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3883_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa059","volume":"72","author":"C Rhee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rhee C, Chiotos K, Cosgrove SE, Heil EL, Kadri SS, Kalil AC, et al. Infectious diseases society of america position paper: recommended revisions to the national severe sepsis and septic shock early management bundle (SEP-1) sepsis quality measure. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;72(4):541\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3883_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2021.02.006","volume":"78","author":"DM Yealy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yealy DM, Mohr NM, Shapiro NI, Venkatesh A, Jones AE, Self WH. Early care of adults with suspected sepsis in the emergency department and out-of-hospital environment: a consensus-based task force report. Ann Emerg Med. 2021;78(1):1\u201319.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3883_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-5043","volume":"174","author":"IJ Barbash","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barbash IJ, Davis BS, Yabes JG, Seymour CW, Angus DC, Kahn JM. Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes after the introduction of the medicare sepsis performance measure (SEP-1). Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(7):927\u201335.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"3883_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004493","volume":"48","author":"S Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park S, Jeon K, Oh DK, Choi EY, Seong GM, Heo J, et al. Normothermia in patients with sepsis who present to emergency departments is associated with low compliance with sepsis bundles and increased in-hospital mortality rate. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(10):1462\u201370.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3883_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751","volume":"22","author":"JL Vincent","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendon\u00e7a A, Bruining H, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction\/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22(7):707\u201310.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3883_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0452-0","volume":"17","author":"L Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao L, Leung LH, Wang J, Li H, Che J, Liu L, et al. Association between Charlson comorbidity index score and outcome in patients with stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17(1):112.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3883_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","volume":"47","author":"L Evans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evans L, Rhodes A, Alhazzani W, Antonelli M, Coopersmith CM, French C, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(11):1181\u2013247.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3883_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2005.6.41","volume":"6","author":"PS Barie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barie PS, Hydo LJ, Shou J, Larone DH, Eachempati SR. Influence of antibiotic therapy on mortality of critical surgical illness caused or complicated by infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2005;6(1):41\u201354.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"9","key":"3883_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200812-1912OC","volume":"180","author":"R Ferrer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferrer R, Artigas A, Suarez D, Palencia E, Levy MM, Arenzana A, et al. Effectiveness of treatments for severe sepsis: a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;180(9):861\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"3883_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1703058","volume":"376","author":"CW Seymour","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seymour CW, Gesten F, Prescott HC, Friedrich ME, Iwashyna TJ, Phillips GS, et al. Time to treatment and mortality during mandated emergency care for sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(23):2235\u201344.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3883_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201609-1848OC","volume":"196","author":"VX Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu VX, Fielding-Singh V, Greene JD, Baker JM, Iwashyna TJ, Bhattacharya J, et al. The timing of early antibiotics and hospital mortality in sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(7):856\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3883_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.05.031","volume":"156","author":"JJ Patel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel JJ, Bergl PA. COUNTERPOINT: should broad-spectrum antibiotics be routinely administered to all patients with sepsis as soon as possible? No Chest. 2019;156(4):647\u20139.","journal-title":"No Chest"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3883_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1581","volume":"72","author":"RE Nelson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nelson RE, Hatfield KM, Wolford H, Samore MH, Scott RD, Reddy SC, et al. National estimates of healthcare costs associated with multidrug-resistant bacterial infections among hospitalized patients in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(Suppl 1):S17-s26.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3883_CR28","first-page":"u207871.w4032","volume":"4","author":"P Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar P, Jordan M, Caesar J, Miller S. Improving the management of sepsis in a district general hospital by implementing the \u201cSepsis Six\u201d recommendations. BMJ Open Quality. 2015;4(1):u207871.w4032.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Quality"}],"container-title":["Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13054-021-03883-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13054-021-03883-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13054-021-03883-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T04:03:07Z","timestamp":1642046587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ccforum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13054-021-03883-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-021-03883-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1071881\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1364-8535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the institutional review boards of each participating hospital, and the requirement for informed consent was waived because of the noninterventional observational nature of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"19"}}