{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:17:27Z","timestamp":1793229447961,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Girondine de Lutte contre les Maladies Respiratoires Chroniques"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010457","name":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MD\/PhD program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MD\/PhD program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010457","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is responsible for 400,000 deaths annually worldwide. Few improvements have been made despite five decades of research, partially because ARDS is a highly heterogeneous syndrome including various types of aetiologies. Lower airway microbiota is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases and recent data suggest that it could also play a role in ARDS. Nevertheless, whether the lower airway microbiota composition varies between the aetiologies of ARDS remain unknown. The aim of this study is to compare lower airway microbiota composition between ARDS aetiologies, i.e. pulmonary ARDS due to influenza, SARS-CoV-2 or bacterial infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive ARDS patients according to Berlin\u2019s classification requiring invasive ventilation with PCR-confirmed influenza or SARS-CoV-2 infections and bacterial infections (&gt;\u2009105\u00a0CFU\/mL on endotracheal aspirate) were included. Endotracheal aspirate was collected at admission, V3-V4 and ITS2 regions amplified by PCR, deep-sequencing performed on MiSeq sequencer (Illumina\u00ae) and data analysed using DADA2 pipeline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty-three patients were included, 24 COVID-19, 18 influenza, and 11 bacterial CAP-related ARDS. The lower airway bacteriobiota and mycobiota compositions (\u03b2-diversity) were dissimilar between the three groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01, respectively). The bacterial \u03b1-diversity was significantly lower in the bacterial CAP-related ARDS group compared to the COVID-19 ARDS group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). In contrast, influenza-related ARDS patients had higher lung mycobiota \u03b1-diversity than the COVID-19-related ARDS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090\u2009&lt;\u200901).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Composition of lower airway microbiota (both microbiota and mycobiota) differs between influenza, COVID-19 and bacterial CAP-related ARDS. Future studies investigating the role of lung microbiota in ARDS pathophysiology should take aetiology into account.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04922-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T08:02:14Z","timestamp":1713772934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Lower airway microbiota compositions differ between influenza, COVID-19 and bacteria-related acute respiratory distress syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Imbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Revers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Enaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Orieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Camino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Massri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Villeneuve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Carri\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Petit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Gruson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Delhaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2942-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renaud","family":"Pr\u00e9vel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"4922_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801","volume":"342","author":"RG Brower","year":"2000","unstructured":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, Brower RG, Matthay MA, Morris A, Schoenfeld D, Thompson BT, et al. 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Patients (or their relatives, if any) were notified about the anonymized use of their healthcare data via the department's booklet and their non-opposition was recorded. Research was performed according to The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The COLCOV19-BX prospective observational cohort study (NCT04332016) was promoted by the Bordeaux University Hospital and have obtained all the necessary approval of ethics committees.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"133"}}