{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:09:16Z","timestamp":1792807756865,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":216,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NINDS","award":["1R01NS117904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01NS117904"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review offers a comprehensive guide for general intensivists on the utility of continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring for critically ill patients. Beyond the\u00a0primary role of EEG\u00a0in detecting seizures, this review explores its utility in neuroprognostication, monitoring neurological deterioration, assessing treatment responses, and aiding rehabilitation in patients with encephalopathy, coma, or other consciousness disorders. Most seizures and status epilepticus (SE) events in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting are nonconvulsive or subtle, making cEEG essential for identifying these otherwise silent events. Imaging and invasive approaches can add to the diagnosis of seizures for specific populations, given that scalp electrodes may fail to identify seizures that may be detected by depth electrodes or electroradiologic findings. When cEEG identifies SE, the risk of secondary neuronal injury related to the time-intensity \u201cburden\u201d often prompts treatment with anti-seizure medications. Similarly, treatment may be administered for seizure-spectrum activity, such as periodic discharges or lateralized rhythmic delta slowing on the ictal-interictal continuum (IIC), even when frank seizures are not evident on the scalp. In this setting, cEEG is utilized empirically to monitor treatment response. Separately, cEEG has other versatile uses for neurotelemetry, including identifying the level of sedation or consciousness. Specific conditions such as sepsis, traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and cardiac arrest may each be associated with a unique application of cEEG; for example, predicting impending events of delayed cerebral ischemia, a feared complication in the first two weeks after subarachnoid hemorrhage. After brief training, non-neurophysiologists can learn to interpret quantitative EEG trends that summarize elements of EEG activity, enhancing clinical responsiveness in collaboration with clinical neurophysiologists. Intensivists and other healthcare professionals also play crucial roles in facilitating timely cEEG setup, preventing electrode-related skin injuries, and maintaining patient mobility during monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04986-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T09:03:00Z","timestamp":1721120580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Utility and rationale for continuous EEG monitoring: a primer for the general intensivist"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ribal","family":"Bitar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usaamah M.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001012","volume":"27","author":"ES Rosenthal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosenthal ES. Seizures, status epilepticus, and continuous EEG in the intensive care unit. CONTINUUM Lifelong Learn Neurol. 2021;27(5):1321\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CON.0000000000001012.","journal-title":"CONTINUUM Lifelong Learn Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.05.037","volume":"126","author":"MB Westover","year":"2015","unstructured":"Westover MB, Shafi MM, Bianchi MT, et al. The probability of seizures during EEG monitoring in critically ill adults. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015;126(3):463\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.05.037.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4986_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000125184.88797.62","volume":"62","author":"J Claassen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Claassen J, Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, Emerson RG, Hirsch LJ. Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology. 2004;62(10):1743\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.WNL.0000125184.88797.62.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4986_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ch\u2019ang J, Claassen J. Seizures in the critically ill. 2017, pp. 507\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-444-63599-0.00028-4","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63599-0.00028-4"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25232","volume":"83","author":"ES Rosenthal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosenthal ES, Biswal S, Zafar SF, et al. Continuous electroencephalography predicts delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective study of diagnostic accuracy. Ann Neurol. 2018;83(5):958\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25232.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00015-6","volume":"15","author":"AO Rossetti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rossetti AO, Rabinstein AA, Oddo M. Neurological prognostication of outcome in patients in coma after cardiac arrest. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(6):597\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00015-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000085","volume":"20","author":"J Horn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Horn J, Cronberg T, Taccone FS. Prognostication after cardiac arrest. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2014;20(3):280\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000085.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"4986_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2938-4","volume":"39","author":"J Claassen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Claassen J, Taccone FS, Horn P, Holtkamp M, Stocchetti N, Oddo M. Recommendations on the use of EEG monitoring in critically ill patients: consensus statement from the neurointensive care section of the ESICM. Intensiv Care Med. 2013;39(8):1337\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-013-2938-4.","journal-title":"Intensiv Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4986_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050765","volume":"24","author":"C De Deyne","year":"1998","unstructured":"De Deyne C, Struys M, Decruyenaere J, Creupelandt J, Hoste E, Colardyn F. Use of continuous bispectral EEG monitoring to assess depth of sedation in ICU patients. Intensiv Care Med. 1998;24(12):1294\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001340050765.","journal-title":"Intensiv Care Med"},{"key":"4986_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.10.021","volume":"43","author":"A Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park A, Chapman M, McCredie VA, et al. EEG utilization in Canadian intensive care units: a multicentre prospective observational study. Seizure. 2016;43:42\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2016.10.021.","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"4986_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.10.013","volume":"109","author":"N Dericioglu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dericioglu N, Yetim E, Bas DF, et al. Non-expert use of quantitative EEG displays for seizure identification in the adult neuro-intensive care unit. Epilepsy Res. 2015;109:48\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.10.013.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"4986_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022426","author":"CE Stafstrom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stafstrom CE, Carmant L. Seizures and epilepsy: an overview for neuroscientists. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a022426.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x","volume":"46","author":"RS Fisher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fisher RS, Boas van WE, Blume W, et al. Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the international league against epilepsy (ILAE) and the international bureau for epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia. 2005;46(4):470\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"10","key":"4986_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13121","volume":"56","author":"E Trinka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trinka E, Cock H, Hesdorffer D, et al. A definition and classification of status epilepticus\u2013report of the ILAE task force on classification of status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2015;56(10):1515\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.13121.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"4986_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2023.1081757","author":"E Trinka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Trinka E, Rainer LJ, Granbichler CA, Zimmermann G, Leitinger M. Mortality, and life expectancy in Epilepsy and Status epilepticus\u2014current trends and future aspects. Front Epidemiol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fepid.2023.1081757.","journal-title":"Front Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000806","volume":"38","author":"LJ Hirsch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hirsch LJ, Fong MWK, Leitinger M, et al. American clinical neurophysiology society\u2019s standardized critical care EEG terminology: 2021 version. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2021;38(1):1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000806.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4986_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.22001.x","volume":"42","author":"WT Blume","year":"2002","unstructured":"Blume WT, L\u00fcders HO, Mizrahi E, Tassinari C, Van Emde BW, Engel J. Glossary of descriptive terminology for ictal semiology: report of the ILAE task force on classification and terminology. Epilepsia. 2002;42(9):1212\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.22001.x.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"11","key":"4986_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9111570","volume":"9","author":"TH Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang TH, Lai MC, Chen YS, Huang CW. Status epilepticus mortality risk factors and a correlation survey with the newly modified STESS. Healthcare. 2021;9(11):1570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9111570.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7597-16.1.48","volume":"16","author":"T Glauser","year":"2016","unstructured":"Glauser T, Shinnar S, Gloss D, et al. Evidence-based guideline: treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children and adults: report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsy Curr. 2016;16(1):48\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5698\/1535-7597-16.1.48.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Curr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9695-z","volume":"17","author":"GM Brophy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brophy GM, Bell R, Claassen J, et al. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of status epilepticus. Neurocrit Care. 2012;17(1):3\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-012-9695-z.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"4986_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.03.023","volume":"49","author":"J Dobesberger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dobesberger J, Risti\u0107 AJ, Walser G, et al. Duration of focal complex, secondarily generalized tonic\u2013clonic, and primarily generalized tonic\u2013clonic seizures\u2014A video-EEG analysis. Epilepsy Behav. 2015;49:111\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.03.023.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-018-0563-3","volume":"29","author":"J Koren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koren J, Herta J, Draschtak S, et al. Early epileptiform discharges and clinical signs predict nonconvulsive status epilepticus on continuous EEG. Neurocrit Care. 2018;29(3):388\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-018-0563-3.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2022.03.015","volume":"40","author":"SK Holla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holla SK, Krishnamurthy PV, Subramaniam T, Dhakar MB, Struck AF. Electrographic seizures in the critically ill. Neurol Clin. 2022;40(4):907\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2022.03.015.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2013.03.005","volume":"24","author":"PN Varelas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Varelas PN, Spanaki MV, Mirski MA. Seizures and the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2013;24(3):393\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nec.2013.03.005.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199901000-00002","volume":"16","author":"KG Jordan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jordan KG, Continuous EEG. Monitoring in the neuroscience intensive care unit and emergency department. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1999;16(1):14\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004691-199901000-00002.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4986_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01177.x","volume":"39","author":"RJ DeLorenzo","year":"1998","unstructured":"DeLorenzo RJ, Waterhouse EJ, Towne AR, et al. Persistent nonconvulsive status epilepticus after the control of convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 1998;39(8):833\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01177.x.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"10","key":"4986_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30137-5","volume":"15","author":"M Leitinger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leitinger M, Trinka E, Gardella E, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the Salzburg EEG criteria for non-convulsive status epilepticus: a retrospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(10):1054\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30137-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"4986_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12270","volume":"54","author":"S Beniczky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beniczky S, Hirsch LJ, Kaplan PW, et al. Unified EEG terminology and criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2013;54:28\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.12270.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"11","key":"4986_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.08.002","volume":"31","author":"S Zehtabchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zehtabchi S, Abdel Baki SG, Omurtag A, et al. Prevalence of non-convulsive seizure and other electroencephalographic abnormalities in ED patients with altered mental status. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(11):1578\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.08.002.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4986_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00628.x","volume":"37","author":"PW Kaplan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the emergency room. Epilepsia. 1996;37(7):643\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00628.x.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"8","key":"4986_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000082653.40257.0B","volume":"61","author":"BF Shneker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shneker BF, Fountain NB. Assessment of acute morbidity and mortality in nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology. 2003;61(8):1066\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.WNL.0000082653.40257.0B.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000800","volume":"39","author":"S Zehtabchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zehtabchi S, Silbergleit R, Chamberlain JM, et al. Electroencephalographic seizures in emergency department patients after treatment for convulsive status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2022;39(6):441\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000800.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.07.053","volume":"123","author":"WC Ziai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ziai WC, Schlattman D, Llinas R, et al. Emergent EEG in the emergency department in patients with altered mental states. Clin Neurophysiol. 2012;123(5):910\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.07.053.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4986_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chari G, Yadav K, Nishijima D, Omurtag A, Zehtabchi S. Improving the ability of ED physicians to identify subclinical\/electrographic seizures on EEG after a brief training module. Int J Emerg Med. 2019;12(1):11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12245-019-0228-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-019-0228-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-021-01395-x","volume":"36","author":"A Alkhachroum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alkhachroum A, Ganesan SL, Koren JP, et al. Quantitative EEG-based seizure estimation in super-refractory status epilepticus. Neurocrit Care. 2022;36(3):897\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-021-01395-x.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000368","volume":"34","author":"E Amorim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amorim E, Williamson CA, Moura LMVR, et al. Performance of spectrogram-based seizure identification of adult EEGs by critical care nurses and neurophysiologists. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;34(4):359\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000368.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4990","volume":"74","author":"A Rodriguez Ruiz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodriguez Ruiz A, Vlachy J, Lee JW, et al. Association of periodic and rhythmic electroencephalographic patterns with seizures in critically ill patients. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(2):181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4990.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"469","key":"4986_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000001907","volume":"100","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Yekutieli D. False discovery rate-adjusted multiple confidence intervals for selected parameters. J Am Stat Assoc. 2005;100(469):71\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1198\/016214504000001907.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(91)90013-T","volume":"78","author":"J Reiher","year":"1991","unstructured":"Reiher J, Rivest J, Maison FG, Leduc CP. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges with transitional rhythmic discharges: association with seizures. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991;78(1):12\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0013-4694(91)90013-T.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4986_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.100","author":"RD Kilbride","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kilbride RD, Costello DJ, Chiappa KH. How seizure detection by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring affects the prescribing of antiepileptic medications. Arch Neurol. 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneurol.2009.100.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4986_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17694","volume":"64","author":"M Leitinger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leitinger M, Gaspard N, Hirsch LJ, et al. Diagnosing nonconvulsive status epilepticus: defining electroencephalographic and clinical response to diagnostic intravenous antiseizure medication trials. Epilepsia. 2023;64(9):2351\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.17694.","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-012-0179-4","volume":"14","author":"T Pang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pang T, Drislane FW. Treatment of nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2012;14(4):307\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11940-012-0179-4.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-015-0151-8","volume":"24","author":"D O\u2019Rourke","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Rourke D, Chen PM, Gaspard N, et al. Response rates to anticonvulsant trials in patients with triphasic-wave EEG patterns of uncertain significance. Neurocrit Care. 2016;24(2):233\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-015-0151-8.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5325","volume":"74","author":"J Witsch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Witsch J, Frey HP, Schmidt JM, et al. Electroencephalographic periodic discharges and frequency-dependent brain tissue hypoxia in acute brain injury. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(3):301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5325.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(97)00071-0","volume":"103","author":"PM Vespa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vespa PM, Nuwer MR, Juh\u00e1sz C, et al. Early detection of vasospasm after acute subarachnoid hemorrhage using continuous EEG ICU monitoring. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1997;103(6):607\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0013-4694(97)00071-0.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4986_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e670","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006903","volume":"92","author":"T Subramaniam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Subramaniam T, Jain A, Hall LT, et al. Lateralized periodic discharges frequency correlates with glucose metabolism. Neurology. 2019;92(7):e670\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006903.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26161","volume":"90","author":"SF Zafar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zafar SF, Rosenthal ES, Jing J, et al. Automated annotation of epileptiform burden and its association with outcomes. Ann Neurol. 2021;90(2):300\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26161.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-433","volume":"15","author":"BJ Ruijter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruijter BJ, van Putten MJ, Horn J, et al. Treatment of electroencephalographic status epilepticus after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (TELSTAR): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2014;15(1):433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1745-6215-15-433.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm5050054","volume":"5","author":"M Reznik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reznik M, Berger K, Claassen J. Comparison of intravenous anesthetic agents for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. J Clin Med. 2016;5(5):54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm5050054.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-016-0294-2","volume":"25","author":"EL Johnson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johnson EL, Martinez NC, Ritzl EK. EEG characteristics of successful burst suppression for refractory status epilepticus. Neurocrit Care. 2016;25(3):407\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-016-0294-2.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000232","volume":"33","author":"SA Thompson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thompson SA, Hantus S. Highly epileptiform bursts are associated with seizure recurrence. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;33(1):66\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000232.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4986_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa069","author":"DB Rubin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rubin DB, Angelini B, Shoukat M, et al. Electrographic predictors of successful weaning from anaesthetics in refractory status epilepticus. Brain. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awaa069.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000166","volume":"32","author":"ST Herman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herman ST, Abend NS, Bleck TP, et al. Consensus statement on continuous EEG in critically ill adults and children, Part I. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2015;32(2):87\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000166.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.12.014","volume":"50","author":"JJ Gold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gold JJ, Crawford JR, Glaser C, Sheriff H, Wang S, Nespeca M. The role of continuous electroencephalography in childhood encephalitis. Pediatr Neurol. 2014;50(4):318\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.12.014.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1112","key":"4986_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2021.20477","volume":"151","author":"V Urbano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Urbano V, Novy J, Schindler K, et al. Continuous versus routine EEG in critically ill adults: reimbursement analysis of a randomised trial. Swiss Med Wkly. 2021;151(1112): w20477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4414\/smw.2021.20477.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R190","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12879","volume":"17","author":"V Alvarez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alvarez V, Sierra-Marcos A, Oddo M, Rossetti AO. Yield of intermittent versus continuous EEG in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest treated with hypothermia. Crit Care. 2013;17(5):R190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc12879.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.01.019","volume":"85","author":"AZ Crepeau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crepeau AZ, Fugate JE, Mandrekar J, et al. Value analysis of continuous EEG in patients during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2014;85(6):785\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2014.01.019.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006689","volume":"92","author":"CE Hill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hill CE, Blank LJ, Thibault D, et al. Continuous EEG is associated with favorable hospitalization outcomes for critically ill patients. Neurology. 2019;92(1):e9\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006689.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"23","key":"4986_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000436948.93399.2a","volume":"81","author":"JP Ney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ney JP, van der Goes DN, Nuwer MR, Nelson L, Eccher MA. Continuous and routine EEG in intensive care: utilization and outcomes, United States 2005\u20132009. Neurology. 2013;81(23):2002\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000436948.93399.2a.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4986_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.08.023","volume":"132","author":"D Fatuzzo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fatuzzo D, Beuchat I, Alvarez V, Novy J, Oddo M, Rossetti AO. Does continuous EEG influence prognosis in patients after cardiac arrest? Resuscitation. 2018;132:29\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.08.023.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2016.09.001","volume":"47","author":"Y Fogang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fogang Y, Legros B, Depondt C, Mavroudakis N, Gaspard N. Yield of repeated intermittent EEG for seizure detection in critically ill adults. Neurophysiol Clin\/Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;47(1):5\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucli.2016.09.001.","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin\/Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4986_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2264","volume":"77","author":"AO Rossetti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rossetti AO, Schindler K, Sutter R, et al. Continuous vs routine electroencephalogram in critically ill adults with altered consciousness and no recent seizure. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(10):1225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2264.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-014-9974-y","volume":"21","author":"KL O\u2019Connor","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor KL, Westover MB, Phillips MT, et al. High risk for seizures following subarachnoid hemorrhage regardless of referral bias. Neurocrit Care. 2014;21(3):476\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-014-9974-y.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-00939-x","volume":"33","author":"EW Moffet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moffet EW, Subramaniam T, Hirsch LJ, et al. Validation of the 2HELPS2B seizure risk score in acute brain injury patients. Neurocrit Care. 2020;33(3):701\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-020-00939-x.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"4986_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.2459","volume":"74","author":"AF Struck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Struck AF, Ustun B, Ruiz AR, et al. Association of an electroencephalography-based risk score with seizure probability in hospitalized patients. JAMA Neurol. 2017;74(12):1419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.2459.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.4656","volume":"77","author":"AF Struck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Struck AF, Tabaeizadeh M, Schmitt SE, et al. Assessment of the validity of the 2HELPS2B score for inpatient seizure risk prediction. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(4):500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.4656.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000905912.10706.b3","volume":"51","author":"E Fink","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fink E, Aseem F, Werdel J, et al. 9: IMPLEMENTATION OF 2HELPS2B SEIZURE RISK SCORE: A HIGH-VALUE APPROACH TO SEIZURE DETECTION IN THE ICU. Crit Care Med. 2023;51(1):5\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ccm.0000905912.10706.b3.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-019-00911-4","volume":"33","author":"MB Westover","year":"2020","unstructured":"Westover MB, Gururangan K, Markert MS, et al. Diagnostic value of electroencephalography with ten electrodes in critically ill patients. Neurocrit Care. 2020;33(2):479\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-019-00911-4.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"4986_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004428","volume":"48","author":"PM Vespa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vespa PM, Olson DM, John S, et al. Evaluating the clinical impact of rapid response electroencephalography: the DECIDE multicenter prospective observational clinical study*. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(9):1249\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004428.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4986_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jing J, d\u2019Angremont E, Zafar S, et al. Rapid annotation of seizures and interictal-ictal continuum EEG patterns. In: 2018 40th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society (EMBC). IEEE; 2018, pp. 3394\u20133397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EMBC.2018.8513059","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2018.8513059"},{"key":"4986_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207127","author":"J Jing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jing J, Ge W, Hong S, et al. Development of expert-level classification of seizures and rhythmic and periodic patterns during EEG interpretation. Neurology. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207127.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"4986_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1645","volume":"80","author":"J Tveit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tveit J, Aurlien H, Plis S, et al. Automated interpretation of clinical electroencephalograms using artificial intelligence. JAMA Neurol. 2023;80(8):805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1645.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"4986_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-023-01681-w","author":"MF Villamar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Villamar MF, Ayub N, Koenig SJ. Automated seizure detection in patients with cardiac arrest: a retrospective review of ceribellTM rapid-EEG recordings. Neurocrit Care. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01681-w.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-011-9530-y","volume":"14","author":"AH Kramer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kramer AH, Zygun DA. Do neurocritical care units save lives? Measuring the impact of specialized ICUs. Neurocrit Care. 2011;14(3):329\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-011-9530-y.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-019-00858-6","volume":"32","author":"AH Kramer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kramer AH, Couillard P. Neurocritical care: a growing international collaborative. Neurocrit Care. 2020;32(1):80\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-019-00858-6.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"4986_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ludmir J, Davidson J, Netzer G. Interdisciplinary care and communication in the intensive care unit. In: Evidence-Based Critical Care. Springer International Publishing; 2020, pp. 785\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-26710-0_105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-26710-0_105"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1670-9","volume":"21","author":"MS Sekhon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sekhon MS, Ainslie PN, Griesdale DE. Clinical pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest: a \u201ctwo-hit\u201d model. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-017-1670-9.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"4986_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06548-2","volume":"47","author":"C Sandroni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sandroni C, Cronberg T, Sekhon M. Brain injury after cardiac arrest: pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis. Intensiv Care Med. 2021;47(12):1393\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-021-06548-2.","journal-title":"Intensiv Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000626","volume":"43","author":"MC Tjepkema-Cloostermans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, Hofmeijer J, Trof RJ, Blans MJ, Beishuizen A, van Putten MJAM. Electroencephalogram predicts outcome in patients with postanoxic coma during mild therapeutic hypothermia*. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(1):159\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000626.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"4986_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318249f6bb","volume":"78","author":"AO Rossetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rossetti AO, Carrera E, Oddo M. Early EEG correlates of neuronal injury after brain anoxia. Neurology. 2012;78(11):796\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318249f6bb.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4986_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.08.012","volume":"109","author":"E Amorim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amorim E, Rittenberger JC, Zheng JJ, et al. Continuous EEG monitoring enhances multimodal outcome prediction in hypoxic\u2013ischemic brain injury. Resuscitation. 2016;109:121\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.08.012.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.10.017","volume":"125","author":"J Hofmeijer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hofmeijer J, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, van Putten MJAM. Burst-suppression with identical bursts: a distinct EEG pattern with poor outcome in postanoxic coma. Clin Neurophysiol. 2014;125(5):947\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.10.017.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06618-z","volume":"48","author":"C Sandroni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sandroni C, D\u2019Arrigo S, Cacciola S, et al. Prediction of good neurological outcome in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Intensiv Care Med. 2022;48(4):389\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-022-06618-z.","journal-title":"Intensiv Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"4986_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.05.016","volume":"129","author":"E Westhall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Westhall E, Ros\u00e9n I, Rundgren M, et al. Time to epileptiform activity and EEG background recovery are independent predictors after cardiac arrest. Clin Neurophysiol. 2018;129(8):1660\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.05.016.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4986_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06198-w","volume":"46","author":"C Sandroni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sandroni C, D\u2019Arrigo S, Cacciola S, et al. Prediction of poor neurological outcome in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Intensiv Care Med. 2020;46(10):1803\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-020-06198-w.","journal-title":"Intensiv Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25507","volume":"86","author":"MM Admiraal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Admiraal MM, van Rootselaar A, Hofmeijer J, et al. Electroencephalographic reactivity as predictor of neurological outcome in postanoxic coma: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Ann Neurol. 2019;86(1):17\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25507.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07280-9","volume":"50","author":"S Turella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Turella S, Dankiewicz J, Friberg H, et al. The predictive value of highly malignant EEG patterns after cardiac arrest: evaluation of the ERC-ESICM recommendations. Intensiv Care Med. 2024;50(1):90\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07280-9.","journal-title":"Intensiv Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"4986_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3834-x","volume":"41","author":"A Sivaraju","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sivaraju A, Gilmore EJ, Wira CR, et al. Prognostication of post-cardiac arrest coma: early clinical and electroencephalographic predictors of outcome. Intensiv Care Med. 2015;41(7):1264\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-015-3834-x.","journal-title":"Intensiv Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-017-0393-8","volume":"28","author":"S Tsetsou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsetsou S, Novy J, Pfeiffer C, Oddo M, Rossetti AO. Multimodal outcome prognostication after cardiac arrest and targeted temperature management: analysis at 36 \u00b0C. Neurocrit Care. 2018;28(1):104\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-017-0393-8.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000517","volume":"35","author":"E Amorim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amorim E, Gilmore EJ, Abend NS, et al. EEG reactivity evaluation practices for adult and pediatric hypoxic-ischemic coma prognostication in North America. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2018;35(6):510\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000517.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4986_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resplu.2021.100189","volume":"9","author":"J Bronder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bronder J, Cho SM, Geocadin RG, Ritzl EK. Revisiting EEG as part of the multidisciplinary approach to post-cardiac arrest care and prognostication: a review. Resusc Plus. 2022;9: 100189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resplu.2021.100189.","journal-title":"Resusc Plus"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001742","volume":"85","author":"J Hofmeijer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hofmeijer J, Beernink TMJ, Bosch FH, Beishuizen A, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, van Putten MJAM. Early EEG contributes to multimodal outcome prediction of postanoxic coma. Neurology. 2015;85(2):137\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001742.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000211","volume":"42","author":"M Oddo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oddo M, Rossetti AO. Early multimodal outcome prediction after cardiac arrest in patients treated with hypothermia*. Crit Care Med. 2014;42(6):1340\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000211.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"4986_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490530035001","volume":"32","author":"BF Westmoreland","year":"1975","unstructured":"Westmoreland BF. Alpha-Coma. Arch Neurol. 1975;32(11):713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490530035001.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.5.773","volume":"38","author":"EJ Austin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Austin EJ, Wilkus RJ, Longstreth WT. Etiology and prognosis of alpha coma. Neurology. 1988;38(5):773\u2013773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.38.5.773.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(94)90030-2","volume":"91","author":"GB Young","year":"1994","unstructured":"Young GB, Blume WT, Campbell VM, et al. Alpha, theta and alpha-theta coma: a clinical outcome study utilizing serial recordings. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1994;91(2):93\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0013-4694(94)90030-2.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.02.011","volume":"132","author":"M Carrasco-G\u00f3mez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carrasco-G\u00f3mez M, Keijzer HM, Ruijter BJ, et al. EEG functional connectivity contributes to outcome prediction of postanoxic coma. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021;132(6):1312\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.02.011.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-011-9565-0","volume":"16","author":"JC Rittenberger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rittenberger JC, Popescu A, Brenner RP, Guyette FX, Callaway CW. Frequency and timing of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose post-cardiac arrest subjects treated with hypothermia. Neurocrit Care. 2012;16(1):114\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-011-9565-0.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.11.001","volume":"84","author":"S Legriel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Legriel S, Hilly-Ginoux J, Resche-Rigon M, et al. Prognostic value of electrographic postanoxic status epilepticus in comatose cardiac-arrest survivors in the therapeutic hypothermia era. Resuscitation. 2013;84(3):343\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2012.11.001.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"4986_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.01.017","volume":"114","author":"A Lybeck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lybeck A, Friberg H, Aneman A, et al. Prognostic significance of clinical seizures after cardiac arrest and target temperature management. Resuscitation. 2017;114:146\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.01.017.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350219","volume":"35","author":"EFM Wijdicks","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wijdicks EFM, Parisi JE, Sharbrough FW. Prognostic value of myoclonus status in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. Ann Neurol. 1994;35(2):239\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410350219.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000466","volume":"8","author":"AS Reynolds","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reynolds AS, Rohaut B, Holmes MG, et al. Early myoclonus following anoxic brain injury. Neurol Clin Pract. 2018;8(3):249\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000466.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24697","volume":"80","author":"J Elmer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elmer J, Rittenberger JC, Faro J, et al. Clinically distinct electroencephalographic phenotypes of early myoclonus after cardiac arrest. Ann Neurol. 2016;80(2):175\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24697.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"4986_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8273716","volume":"2016","author":"G Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu G, Su Y, Liu Y, et al. Predicting outcome in comatose patients: the role of EEG reactivity to quantifiable electrical stimuli. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2016;2016:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/8273716.","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"4986_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.07.025","volume":"131","author":"MM Admiraal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Admiraal MM, van Rootselaar AF, Horn J. International consensus on EEG reactivity testing after cardiac arrest: towards standardization. Resuscitation. 2018;131:36\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.07.025.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e107","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004107","volume":"48","author":"CB Maciel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maciel CB, Barden MM, Youn TS, Dhakar MB, Greer DM. Neuroprognostication practices in postcardiac arrest patients. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(2):e107\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004107.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06368-4","volume":"47","author":"JP Nolan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nolan JP, Sandroni C, B\u00f6ttiger BW, et al. European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2021: post-resuscitation care. Intensiv Care Med. 2021;47(4):369\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-021-06368-4.","journal-title":"Intensiv Care Med"},{"key":"4986_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.09.012","volume":"156","author":"J Soar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Soar J, Berg KM, Andersen LW, et al. Adult advanced life support: 2020 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation. 2020;156:A80\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.09.012.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"16","key":"4986_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1675","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009283","volume":"94","author":"G Barbella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barbella G, Lee JW, Alvarez V, et al. Prediction of regaining consciousness despite an early epileptiform EEG after cardiac arrest. Neurology. 2020;94(16):e1675\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009283.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4986_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.11.003","volume":"182","author":"H Fenter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fenter H, Ben-Hamouda N, Novy J, Rossetti AO. Benign EEG for prognostication of favorable outcome after cardiac arrest: a reappraisal. Resuscitation. 2023;182: 109637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2022.11.003.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-014-0159-2","volume":"14","author":"E Westhall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Westhall E, Ros\u00e9n I, Rossetti AO, et al. Electroencephalography (EEG) for neurological prognostication after cardiac arrest and targeted temperature management; rationale and study design. BMC Neurol. 2014;14(1):159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-014-0159-2.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4986_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.03.017","volume":"126","author":"E Westhall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Westhall E, Ros\u00e9n I, Rossetti AO, et al. Interrater variability of EEG interpretation in comatose cardiac arrest patients. Clin Neurophysiol. 2015;126(12):2397\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.03.017.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.01.054","volume":"129","author":"CHV Duez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duez CHV, Ebbesen MQ, Benedek K, et al. Large inter-rater variability on EEG-reactivity is improved by a novel quantitative method. Clin Neurophysiol. 2018;129(4):724\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.01.054.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4986_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.11.068","volume":"124","author":"CM Drohan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Drohan CM, Cardi AI, Rittenberger JC, et al. Effect of sedation on quantitative electroencephalography after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2018;124:132\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.11.068.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"8","key":"4986_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2115998","volume":"386","author":"BJ Ruijter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruijter BJ, Keijzer HM, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, et al. Treating rhythmic and periodic EEG patterns in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(8):724\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2115998.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4986_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.06.006","volume":"93","author":"V Alvarez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alvarez V, Reinsberger C, Scirica B, et al. Continuous electrodermal activity as a potential novel neurophysiological biomarker of prognosis after cardiac arrest\u2014a pilot study. Resuscitation. 2015;93:128\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2015.06.006.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"4986_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.06.018","volume":"101","author":"S Beretta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beretta S, Coppo A, Bianchi E, et al. Neurological outcome of postanoxic refractory status epilepticus after aggressive treatment. Epilepsy Behav. 2019;101: 106374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2019.06.018.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-015-0215-9","volume":"24","author":"M Lamartine Monteiro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lamartine Monteiro M, Taccone FS, Depondt C, et al. The prognostic value of 48-h continuous EEG during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Neurocrit Care. 2016;24(2):153\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-015-0215-9.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"4986_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20150056","author":"RN Le\u00e3o","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le\u00e3o RN, \u00c1vila P, Cavaco R, Germano N, Bento L. Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: outcome predictors. Rev Bras Ter Intensiv. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0103-507X.20150056.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ter Intensiv"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.01.005","volume":"51","author":"R Carrai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carrai R, Spalletti M, Scarpino M, et al. Are neurophysiologic tests reliable, ultra-early prognostic indices after cardiac arrest? Neurophysiol Clin. 2021;51(2):133\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neucli.2021.01.005.","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"issue":"9","key":"4986_CR121","first-page":"940","volume":"82","author":"R Carrai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carrai R, Grippo A, Scarpino M, et al. Time-dependent and independent neurophysiological indicators of prognosis in post-anoxic coma subjects treated by therapeutic hypothermia. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(9):940\u20139.","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"4986_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.03.028","volume":"163","author":"M Scarpino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scarpino M, Lolli F, Lanzo G, et al. SSEP amplitude accurately predicts both good and poor neurological outcome early after cardiac arrest; a post-hoc analysis of the ProNeCA multicentre study. Resuscitation. 2021;163:162\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.03.028.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"7","key":"4986_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e674","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002337","volume":"45","author":"AO Rossetti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rossetti AO, Tovar Quiroga DF, Juan E, et al. Electroencephalography predicts poor and good outcomes after cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(7):e674\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002337.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1693-2","volume":"21","author":"L Sondag","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sondag L, Ruijter BJ, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, et al. Early EEG for outcome prediction of postanoxic coma: prospective cohort study with cost-minimization analysis. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-017-1693-2.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"4986_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.10.035","volume":"135","author":"CHV Duez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duez CHV, Johnsen B, Ebbesen MQ, et al. Post resuscitation prognostication by EEG in 24 vs 48 h of targeted temperature management. Resuscitation. 2019;135:145\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.10.035.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"16","key":"4986_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002462","volume":"86","author":"E Westhall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Westhall E, Rossetti AO, van Rootselaar AF, et al. Standardized EEG interpretation accurately predicts prognosis after cardiac arrest. Neurology. 2016;86(16):1482\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002462.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4986_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.07.024","volume":"131","author":"S Backman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Backman S, Cronberg T, Friberg H, et al. Highly malignant routine EEG predicts poor prognosis after cardiac arrest in the Target Temperature Management trial. Resuscitation. 2018;131:24\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.07.024.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"4986_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.11.014","volume":"147","author":"M Scarpino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scarpino M, Carrai R, Lolli F, et al. Neurophysiology for predicting good and poor neurological outcome at 12 and 72 h after cardiac arrest: The ProNeCA multicentre prospective study. Resuscitation. 2020;147:95\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.11.014.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25518","volume":"86","author":"BJ Ruijter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruijter BJ, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, Tromp SC, et al. Early electroencephalography for outcome prediction of postanoxic coma: a prospective cohort study. Ann Neurol. 2019;86(2):203\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25518.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"4986_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2018.12.001","volume":"4","author":"L Benarous","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benarous L, Gavaret M, Soda Diop M, et al. Sources of interrater variability and prognostic value of standardized EEG features in post-anoxic coma after resuscitated cardiac arrest. Clin Neurophysiol Pract. 2019;4:20\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnp.2018.12.001.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol Pract"},{"key":"4986_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.03.035","volume":"139","author":"SE Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou SE, Maciel CB, Ormseth CH, Beekman R, Gilmore EJ, Greer DM. Distinct predictive values of current neuroprognostic guidelines in post-cardiac arrest patients. Resuscitation. 2019;139:343\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.03.035.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066613517214","volume":"30","author":"F Sadaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sadaka F, Doerr D, Hindia J, Lee KP, Logan W. Continuous electroencephalogram in comatose postcardiac arrest syndrome patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia. J Intensiv Care Med. 2015;30(5):292\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0885066613517214.","journal-title":"J Intensiv Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12659","volume":"135","author":"A Grippo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grippo A, Carrai R, Scarpino M, et al. Neurophysiological prediction of neurological good and poor outcome in post-anoxic coma. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017;135(6):641\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ane.12659.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"4986_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2019.104755","volume":"27","author":"M Scarpino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scarpino M, Lolli F, Lanzo G, et al. Neurophysiological and neuroradiological test for early poor outcome (Cerebral Performance Categories 3\u20135) prediction after cardiac arrest: prospective multicentre prognostication data. Data Brief. 2019;27: 104755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2019.104755.","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"4986_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.10.024","volume":"110","author":"CS Youn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Youn CS, Callaway CW, Rittenberger JC. Combination of initial neurologic examination, quantitative brain imaging and electroencephalography to predict outcome after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2017;110:120\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.10.024.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"4986_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.04.043","volume":"49","author":"I Dragancea","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dragancea I, Backman S, Westhall E, Rundgren M, Friberg H, Cronberg T. Outcome following postanoxic status epilepticus in patients with targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest. Epilepsy Behav. 2015;49:173\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.04.043.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"4986_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015754","volume":"132","author":"SH Oh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oh SH, Park KN, Shon YM, et al. Continuous amplitude-integrated electroencephalographic monitoring is a useful prognostic tool for hypothermia-treated cardiac arrest patients. Circulation. 2015;132(12):1094\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015754.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.06.017","volume":"124","author":"V Alvarez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alvarez V, Oddo M, Rossetti AO. Stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic or ictal discharges (SIRPIDs) in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: characteristics and prognostic value. Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;124(1):204\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.06.017.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e318078cfe7","volume":"45","author":"S Parikh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parikh S, Koch M, Narayan RK. Traumatic brain injury. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2007;45(3):119\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AIA.0b013e318078cfe7.","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24606","volume":"79","author":"P Vespa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vespa P, Tubi M, Claassen J, et al. Metabolic crisis occurs with seizures and periodic discharges after brain trauma. Ann Neurol. 2016;79(4):579\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24606.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-016-0245-y","volume":"24","author":"AF Struck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Struck AF, Westover MB, Hall LT, Deck GM, Cole AJ, Rosenthal ES. Metabolic correlates of the ictal-interictal continuum: FDG-PET during continuous EEG. Neurocrit Care. 2016;24(3):324\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-016-0245-y.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"4986_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.591662","author":"M La Rocca","year":"2020","unstructured":"La Rocca M, Garner R, Amoroso N, et al. Multiplex networks to characterize seizure development in traumatic brain injury patients. Front Neurosci. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2020.591662.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25211","volume":"83","author":"JA Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim JA, Boyle EJ, Wu AC, et al. Epileptiform activity in traumatic brain injury predicts post-traumatic epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 2018;83(4):858\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25211.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.1.0084","volume":"97","author":"PM Vespa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vespa PM, Boscardin WJ, Hovda DA, et al. Early and persistent impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography monitoring as predictive of poor outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg. 2002;97(1):84\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2002.97.1.0084.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059420984934","volume":"53","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, Huang L, Ma X, Zhao C, Liu J, Xu D. Role of quantitative EEG and EEG reactivity in traumatic brain injury. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2022;53(5):452\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1550059420984934.","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-020-01447-5","volume":"48","author":"CP Marini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marini CP, Stoller C, McNelis J, Del Deo V, Prabhakaran K, Petrone P. Correlation of brain flow variables and metabolic crisis: a prospective study in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022;48(1):537\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-020-01447-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.12.JNS171665","volume":"130","author":"AP Carlson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carlson AP, Abbas M, Alunday RL, Qeadan F, Shuttleworth CW. Spreading depolarization in acute brain injury inhibited by ketamine: a prospective, randomized, multiple crossover trial. J Neurosurg. 2019;130(5):1513\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.12.JNS171665.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/1535759720934852","volume":"20","author":"BC Jobst","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jobst BC, Bartolomei F, Diehl B, et al. Intracranial EEG in the 21st Century. Epilepsy Curr. 2020;20(4):180\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1535759720934852.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Curr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199901000-00003","volume":"16","author":"GB Young","year":"1999","unstructured":"Young GB, Campbell VC. EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: pitfalls and caveats. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1999;16(1):40\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004691-199901000-00003.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"9251","key":"4986_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03591-1","volume":"357","author":"QM Le Van","year":"2001","unstructured":"Le Van QM, Martinerie J, Navarro V, et al. Anticipation of epileptic seizures from standard EEG recordings. The Lancet. 2001;357(9251):183\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03591-1.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21721","volume":"66","author":"A Waziri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Waziri A, Claassen J, Stuart RM, et al. Intracortical electroencephalography in acute brain injury. Ann Neurol. 2009;66(3):366\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.21721.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh716","volume":"129","author":"M Fabricius","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fabricius M, Fuhr S, Bhatia R, et al. Cortical spreading depression and peri-infarct depolarization in acutely injured human cerebral cortex. Brain. 2006;129(3):778\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awh716.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-023-00344-3","volume":"3","author":"A Chamanzar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chamanzar A, Elmer J, Shutter L, Hartings J, Grover P. Noninvasive and reliable automated detection of spreading depolarization in severe traumatic brain injury using scalp EEG. Commun Med. 2023;3(1):113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43856-023-00344-3.","journal-title":"Commun Med"},{"key":"4986_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00017","author":"J Hofmeijer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hofmeijer J, van Kaam CR, van de Werff B, Vermeer SE, Tjepkema-Cloostermans MC, van Putten MJAM. Detecting cortical spreading depolarization with full band scalp electroencephalography: an illusion? Front Neurol. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00017.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24256","volume":"76","author":"JA Hartings","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hartings JA, Wilson JA, Hinzman JM, et al. Spreading depression in continuous electroencephalography of brain trauma. Ann Neurol. 2014;76(5):681\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24256.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws010","volume":"135","author":"C Drenckhahn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Drenckhahn C, Winkler MKL, Major S, et al. Correlates of spreading depolarization in human scalp electroencephalography. Brain. 2012;135(3):853\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/aws010.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"4986_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000001022","author":"S Piva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piva S, Bertoni M, Gitti N, Rasulo FA, Latronico N. Neurological complications of sepsis. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCC.0000000000001022.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181a00604","volume":"37","author":"M Oddo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oddo M, Carrera E, Claassen J, Mayer SA, Hirsch LJ. Continuous electroencephalography in the medical intensive care unit*. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(6):2051\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181a00604.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4986_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.183","volume":"8","author":"TE Gofton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gofton TE, Young GB. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012;8(10):557\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.183.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2478\/jtim-2018-0032","volume":"6","author":"D Velissaris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Velissaris D, Pantzaris ND, Skroumpelou A, et al. Electroencephalographic abnormalities in sepsis patients in correlation to the calculated prognostic scores: a case series. J Transl Int Med. 2018;6(4):176\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/jtim-2018-0032.","journal-title":"J Transl Int Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199201000-00016","volume":"9","author":"GB Young","year":"1992","unstructured":"Young GB, Bolton CF, Archibald YM, Austin TW, Wells GA. The electroencephalogram in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1992;9(1):145\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004691-199201000-00016.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3182a73d83","volume":"30","author":"GB Young","year":"2013","unstructured":"Young GB. Encephalopathy of infection and systemic inflammation. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2013;30(5):454\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3182a73d83.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4986_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.06.013","volume":"148","author":"II Berisavac","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berisavac II, Padjen VV, Ercegovac MD, et al. Focal epileptic seizures, electroencephalography and outcome of sepsis associated encephalopathy\u2014a pilot study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2016;148:60\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2016.06.013.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(91)90094-K","volume":"78","author":"DR Labar","year":"1991","unstructured":"Labar DR, Fisch BJ, Pedley TA, Fink ME, Solomon RA. Quantitative EEG monitoring for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991;78(5):325\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0013-4694(91)90094-K.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4986_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.06.017","volume":"115","author":"J Claassen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Kreiter KT, et al. Quantitative continuous EEG for detecting delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004;115(12):2699\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.06.017.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.01.016","volume":"128","author":"JA Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim JA, Rosenthal ES, Biswal S, et al. Epileptiform abnormalities predict delayed cerebral ischemia in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128(6):1091\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.01.016.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000281","volume":"33","author":"CF Muniz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muniz CF, Shenoy AV, O\u2019Connor KL, et al. Clinical development and implementation of an institutional guideline for prospective EEG monitoring and reporting of delayed cerebral ischemia. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;33(3):217\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000281.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4986_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00685","author":"D Kobylarek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kobylarek D, Iwanowski P, Lewandowska Z, et al. Advances in the potential biomarkers of epilepsy. Front Neurol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2019.00685.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.028515","volume":"51","author":"IA Lissak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lissak IA, Zafar SF, Westover MB, et al. Soluble ST2 Is associated with new epileptiform abnormalities following nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2020;51(4):1128\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.028515.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-01177-x","volume":"35","author":"IA Lissak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lissak IA, Locascio JJ, Zafar SF, et al. Electroencephalography, hospital complications, and longitudinal outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 2021;35(2):397\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-020-01177-x.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"4986_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.08.023","volume":"143","author":"WL Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng WL, Kim JA, Elmer J, et al. Automated EEG-based prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Neurophysiol. 2022;143:97\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.08.023.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9938-7","volume":"20","author":"T Jeffcote","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jeffcote T, Hinzman JM, Jewell SL, et al. Detection of spreading depolarization with intraparenchymal electrodes in the injured human brain. Neurocrit Care. 2014;20(1):21\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-013-9938-7.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23859","volume":"74","author":"J Claassen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Claassen J, Perotte A, Albers D, et al. Nonconvulsive seizures after subarachnoid hemorrhage: multimodal detection and outcomes. Ann Neurol. 2013;74(1):53\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.23859.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"4986_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx214","volume":"140","author":"JA Hartings","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hartings JA, York J, Carroll CP, et al. Subarachnoid blood acutely induces spreading depolarizations and early cortical infarction. Brain. 2017;140(10):2673\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx214.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab457","volume":"145","author":"JP Dreier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dreier JP, Winkler MKL, Major S, et al. Spreading depolarizations in ischaemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage, a diagnostic phase III study. Brain. 2022;145(4):1264\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab457.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"10","key":"4986_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.007","volume":"25","author":"K Sugimoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sugimoto K, Shirao S, Koizumi H, et al. Continuous monitoring of spreading depolarization and cerebrovascular autoregulation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;25(10):e171\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.07.007.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"4986_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu141","volume":"137","author":"JD Sitt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sitt JD, King JR, El Karoui I, et al. Large scale screening of neural signatures of consciousness in patients in a vegetative or minimally conscious state. Brain. 2014;137(8):2258\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awu141.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"11","key":"4986_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242056","volume":"15","author":"N Farnes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farnes N, Juel BE, Nilsen AS, Romundstad LG, Storm JF. Increased signal diversity\/complexity of spontaneous EEG, but not evoked EEG responses, in ketamine-induced psychedelic state in humans. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(11): e0242056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0242056.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4986_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01820","author":"M Bola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bola M, Or\u0142owski P, Baranowska K, Schartner M, Marchewka A. Informativeness of auditory stimuli does not affect EEG signal diversity. Front Psychol. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01820.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"26","key":"4986_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812757","volume":"380","author":"J Claassen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Claassen J, Doyle K, Matory A, et al. Detection of brain activation in unresponsive patients with acute brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(26):2497\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1812757.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"4986_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00212-5","volume":"21","author":"J Egbebike","year":"2022","unstructured":"Egbebike J, Shen Q, Doyle K, et al. Cognitive-motor dissociation and time to functional recovery in patients with acute brain injury in the USA: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(8):704\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00212-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8084-5","volume":"263","author":"B Schorr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schorr B, Schlee W, Arndt M, Bender A. Coherence in resting-state EEG as a predictor for the recovery from unresponsive wakefulness syndrome. J Neurol. 2016;263(5):937\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8084-5.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-019-00703-w","volume":"32","author":"RM Nielsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nielsen RM, Urdanibia-Centelles O, Vedel-Larsen E, et al. Continuous EEG monitoring in a consecutive patient cohort with sepsis and delirium. Neurocrit Care. 2020;32(1):121\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-019-00703-w.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"4986_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31829a6f1e","volume":"41","author":"NE Brummel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brummel NE, Vasilevskis EE, Han JH, Boehm L, Pun BT, Ely EW. Implementing delirium screening in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(9):2196\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31829a6f1e.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4986_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1132-2","volume":"27","author":"E Ely","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ely E, Gautam S, Margolin R, et al. The impact of delirium in the intensive care unit on hospital length of stay. Intensiv Care Med. 2001;27(12):1892\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-001-1132-2.","journal-title":"Intensiv Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201101-0065OC","volume":"184","author":"MM van Eijk","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Eijk MM, van den Boogaard M, van Marum RJ, et al. Routine use of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184(3):340\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201101-0065OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.09.009","volume":"132","author":"MS Boord","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boord MS, Moezzi B, Davis D, et al. Investigating how electroencephalogram measures associate with delirium: a systematic review. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021;132(1):246\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.09.009.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.2.153","volume":"56","author":"SA Jacobson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jacobson SA, Leuchter AF, Walter DO. Conventional and quantitative EEG in the diagnosis of delirium among the elderly. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1993;56(2):153\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.56.2.153.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"4986_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.86.16_supplement.P4.057","author":"A Sagi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sagi A, Kimchi E, Westover M. EEG features associated with delirium (P4.057). Neurology. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.86.16_supplement.P4.057.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"4986_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02460-5","volume":"35","author":"S Ren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ren S, Zang C, Yuan F, et al. Correlation between burst suppression and postoperative delirium in elderly patients: a prospective study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2023;35(9):1873\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-023-02460-5.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000754","volume":"34","author":"AV Lele","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lele AV, Furman M, Myers J, Kinney G, Sharma D, Hecker J. Inadvertent burst suppression during total intravenous anesthesia in 112 consecutive patients undergoing spinal instrumentation surgery: a retrospective observational quality improvement project. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2022;34(3):300\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000754.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"4986_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7246570","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7246570","volume":"2020","author":"J Bloom","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bloom J, Wyler D, Torjman MC, et al. High incidence of burst suppression during propofol sedation for outpatient colonoscopy: lessons learned from neuromonitoring. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2020;2020:7246570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7246570.","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Res Pract"},{"key":"4986_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.80.7_supplement.P01.027","author":"S Pati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pati S, Rosenthal E, Cash S, Hochberg L, Brown E, Westover M. Unexpected burst-suppression during sedation with anesthetic agents in the ICU (P01.027). Neurology. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.80.7_supplement.P01.027.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab039f","volume":"16","author":"A Sanz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanz-Garc\u00eda A, P\u00e9rez-Romero M, Pastor J, et al. Potential EEG biomarkers of sedation doses in intensive care patients unveiled by using a machine learning approach. J Neural Eng. 2019;16(2): 026031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab039f.","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"4986_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000522","volume":"42","author":"JM Andresen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andresen JM, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Davidson MA, Ely EW, Watson PL. Burst suppression on processed electroencephalography as a predictor of postcoma delirium in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Crit Care Med. 2014;42(10):2244\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000522.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-00932-4","volume":"33","author":"J Hogan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hogan J, Sun H, Aboul Nour H, et al. Burst suppression: causes and effects on mortality in critical illness. Neurocrit Care. 2020;33(2):565\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-020-00932-4.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"4986_CR197","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Medical Advisory Secretariat","year":"2004","unstructured":"Medical Advisory Secretariat. Bispectral index monitor: an evidence-based analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2004;4(9):1\u201370.","journal-title":"Ont Health Technol Assess Ser"},{"key":"4986_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Drover D, Ortega HR (Rick). Patient state index. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2006;20(1):121\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpa.2005.07.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2005.07.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"4986_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200207000-00012","volume":"97","author":"DR Drover","year":"2002","unstructured":"Drover DR, Lemmens HJ, Pierce ET, et al. Patient state index. Anesthesiology. 2002;97(1):82\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00000542-200207000-00012.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01565-5","volume":"38","author":"FA Rasulo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rasulo FA, Hopkins P, Lobo FA, et al. Processed electroencephalogram-based monitoring to guide sedation in critically ill adult patients: recommendations from an international expert panel-based consensus. Neurocrit Care. 2023;38(2):296\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-022-01565-5.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000287","volume":"33","author":"CB Swisher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Swisher CB, Sinha SR. Utilization of quantitative EEG trends for critical care continuous EEG monitoring. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;33(6):538\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000287.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-019-00673-z","volume":"31","author":"JH Kang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kang JH, Sherill GC, Sinha SR, Swisher CB. A trial of real-time electrographic seizure detection by neuro-ICU nurses using a panel of quantitative EEG trends. Neurocrit Care. 2019;31(2):312\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-019-00673-z.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"4986_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000001107","volume":"11","author":"S Kaleem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaleem S, Kang JH, Sahgal A, Hernandez CE, Sinha SR, Swisher CB. Electrographic seizure detection by neuroscience intensive care unit nurses via bedside real-time quantitative EEG. Neurol Clin Pract. 2021;11(5):420\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000001107.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"4986_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1105","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003385","volume":"46","author":"S Lalgudi Ganesan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lalgudi Ganesan S, Stewart CP, Atenafu EG, et al. Seizure identification by critical care providers using quantitative electroencephalography. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(12):e1105\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003385.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4986_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kostick N, Manwaring K, Dhar R, Sandler R, Mansy H. The \u201cBrain Stethoscope\u201d: a non-invasive method for detecting elevated intracranial pressure. Cureus. Published online March 13, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.13865","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.13865"},{"key":"4986_CR206","unstructured":"Nathan Collins. Stanford researchers listen for silent seizures with \u201cbrain stethoscope\u201d that turns brain waves into sound. Stanford News Service."},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/1086508X.2011.11079809","volume":"51","author":"R Jarrar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jarrar R, Buchhalter J, Williams K, McKay M, Luketich C. Technical tips: electrode safety in pediatric prolonged EEG recordings. Am J Electroneurodiagnostic Technol. 2011;51(2):114\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Electroneurodiagnostic Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/1086508X.2006.11079592","volume":"46","author":"MM Stecker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stecker MM, Patterson T, Netherton BL. Mechanisms of electrode induced injury. Part 1: theory. Am J Electroneurodiagnostic Technol. 2006;46(4):315\u201342.","journal-title":"Am J Electroneurodiagnostic Technol"},{"key":"4986_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zafar SF, Sivakumar S, Rosenthal ES. Continuous EEG monitoring: systems of care. In: Neurointensive care unit. Clinical practice and organization. 2020:311\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-36548-6_23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36548-6_23"},{"key":"4986_CR210","unstructured":"Cox J. Pressure ulcer development and vasopressor agents in adult critical care patients: a literature review. Ostomy Wound Manag. 2013;59(4):50\u201354, 56\u201360."},{"issue":"4","key":"4986_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000641","volume":"19","author":"U Mietzsch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mietzsch U, Cooper KL, Harris ML. Successful reduction in electrode-related pressure ulcers during EEG monitoring in critically ill neonates. Adv Neonatal Care. 2019;19(4):262\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ANC.0000000000000641.","journal-title":"Adv Neonatal Care"},{"key":"4986_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ASET Position Statement on Skin Safety during EEG Procedures\u2014A Guideline to Improving Outcome. Neurodiagn J. 2016;56(4):296\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21646821.2016.1246336","DOI":"10.1080\/21646821.2016.1246336"},{"issue":"3","key":"4986_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/1086508X.2011.11079817","volume":"51","author":"RR Lau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lau RR, Powell MK, Terry C, Jahnke D. Neurotelemetry electrode application techniques compared. Am J Electroneurodiagnostic Technol. 2011;51(3):165\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Electroneurodiagnostic Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4986_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.30.1193","volume":"30","author":"P Arias-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arias-Fern\u00e1ndez P, Romero-Martin M, G\u00f3mez-Salgado J, Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda D. Rehabilitation and early mobilization in the critical patient: systematic review. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018;30(9):1193\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1589\/jpts.30.1193.","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4986_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4612-0","volume":"43","author":"CJ Tipping","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tipping CJ, Harrold M, Holland A, Romero L, Nisbet T, Hodgson CL. The effects of active mobilisation and rehabilitation in ICU on mortality and function: a systematic review. Intensiv Care Med. 2017;43(2):171\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-016-4612-0.","journal-title":"Intensiv Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4986_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2012.08.018","volume":"92","author":"KB To","year":"2012","unstructured":"To KB, Napolitano LM. Common complications in the critically Ill patient. Surg Clin N Am. 2012;92(6):1519\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.suc.2012.08.018.","journal-title":"Surg Clin N Am"}],"container-title":["Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13054-024-04986-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13054-024-04986-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13054-024-04986-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T09:05:53Z","timestamp":1721120753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ccforum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13054-024-04986-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"references-count":216,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-024-04986-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-8535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors approved of the submitted manuscript. All figures and tables are original to this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"244"}}