{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:51:37Z","timestamp":1790880697131,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-025-05702-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T12:30:58Z","timestamp":1761568258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["High-density lipoprotein: a biomarker and therapeutic target in sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mohan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Barros-Pinkelnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sesmu M.","family":"Arbous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Christoffersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick C. N.","family":"Rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander","family":"Kooijman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"5702_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):801\u201310.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10219","key":"5702_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","volume":"395","author":"KE Rudd","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rudd KE, et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990\u20132017: analysis for the global burden of disease study. Lancet. 2020;395(10219):200\u201311.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"16","key":"5702_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022139","volume":"348","author":"GS Martin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Martin GS, et al. The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(16):1546\u201354.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Si\u20131","key":"5702_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2108-239","volume":"51","author":"Z Ko\u00e7ak Tufan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ko\u00e7ak Tufan Z, Kayaaslan B, Mer M. COVID-19 and sepsis. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51(Si\u20131):3301\u201311.","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"5702_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201310-1875OC","volume":"189","author":"A Leligdowicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leligdowicz A, et al. Association between source of infection and hospital mortality in patients who have septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189(10):1204\u201313.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"5702_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00002","volume":"29","author":"DC Angus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Angus DC, et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med. 2001;29(7):1303\u201310.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"5702_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","volume":"47","author":"L Evans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evans L, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(11):1181\u2013247.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003119","volume":"46","author":"MM Levy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Levy MM, Evans LE, Rhodes A. The surviving sepsis campaign bundle: 2018 update. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(6):997\u20131000.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI102441","volume":"30","author":"EO Hahn","year":"1951","unstructured":"Hahn EO, et al. Effect of cortisone on acute Streptococcal infections and poststreptococcal complications. J Clin Invest. 1951;30(3):274\u201381.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2018.11.005","volume":"35","author":"B Venkatesh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Venkatesh B, Cohen J. Hydrocortisone in vasodilatory shock. Crit Care Clin. 2019;35(2):263\u201375.","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.08.004","volume":"42","author":"J Youssef","year":"2016","unstructured":"Youssef J, Novosad SA, Winthrop KL. Infection risk and safety of corticosteroid use. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2016;42(1):157\u201376. ix-x.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"5702_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li M, et al. Hydrocortisone-associated death and hospital length of stay in patients with sepsis: A retrospective cohort of large-scale clinical care data. Volume 170. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy; 2024. p. 115961.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115961"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(95)70116-8","volume":"110","author":"W Tao","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tao W, et al. Gut mucosal ischemia during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass results from blood flow redistribution and increased oxygen demand. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;110(3):819\u201328.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"9952","key":"5702_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60687-5","volume":"384","author":"JM Lord","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lord JM, et al. The systemic immune response to trauma: an overview of pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet. 2014;384(9952):1455\u201365.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3003","volume":"9","author":"TT Hansel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hansel TT, et al. The safety and side effects of monoclonal antibodies. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010;9(4):325\u201338.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"23","key":"5702_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510470040032","volume":"271","author":"CJ Fisher Jr","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fisher CJ Jr., et al. Recombinant human Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome. Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phase III rhIL-1ra sepsis syndrome study group. JAMA. 1994;271(23):1836\u201343.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12382","volume":"68","author":"S Lv","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lv S, et al. Anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy for patients with sepsis: a systematic meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract. 2014;68(4):520\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"5702_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0131645","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131645","volume":"10","author":"A Ali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ali A, et al. Il-1 receptor antagonist treatment aggravates Staphylococcal septic arthritis and sepsis in mice. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7):e0131645.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"5702_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.9.2724","volume":"148","author":"MK Eskandari","year":"1992","unstructured":"Eskandari MK, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody therapy fails to prevent lethality after cecal ligation and puncture or endotoxemia. J Immunol. 1992;148(9):2724\u201330.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000731","volume":"47","author":"RM Koch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koch RM, et al. Patterns in bacterial- and viral-induced immunosuppression and secondary infections in the ICU. Shock. 2017;47(1):5\u201312.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"15","key":"5702_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.15.1869","volume":"286","author":"BL Warren","year":"2001","unstructured":"Warren BL, et al. Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;286(15):1869\u201378.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5702_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25984","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25984","volume":"6","author":"Y Fan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fan Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with sepsis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25984.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"22","key":"5702_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1755","volume":"306","author":"M Mitka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mitka M. Drug for severe sepsis is withdrawn from market, fails to reduce mortality. JAMA. 2011;306(22):2439\u201340.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5702_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee SH et al. Prognostic Implications of Serum Lipid Metabolism over Time during Sepsis. Biomed Res Int, 2015. 2015: p. 789298.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/789298"},{"key":"5702_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-09665-0_15","volume":"224","author":"A Pirillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pirillo A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. HDL in infectious diseases and sepsis. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2015;224:483\u2013508.","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0433-x","volume":"33","author":"M Wendel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wendel M, Paul R, Heller AR. Lipoproteins in inflammation and sepsis. II. Clinical aspects. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33(1):25\u201335.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"5702_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-000-0622-y","volume":"35","author":"HW Phetteplace","year":"2000","unstructured":"Phetteplace HW, et al. Escherichia coli sepsis increases hepatic Apolipoprotein B secretion by inhibiting degradation. Lipids. 2000;35(10):1079\u201385.","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5702_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01495-7","volume":"462","author":"JR Mead","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mead JR, Cryer A, Ramji DP. Lipoprotein lipase, a key role in atherosclerosis? FEBS Lett. 1999;462(1\u20132):1\u20136.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"5702_CR29","first-page":"77","volume":"4","author":"M Halle","year":"1998","unstructured":"Halle M, et al. Importance of TNF-alpha and leptin in obesity and insulin resistance: a hypothesis on the impact of physical exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev. 1998;4:77\u201394.","journal-title":"Exerc Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(05)80798-3","volume":"186","author":"I Hardard\u00f3ttir","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hardard\u00f3ttir I, et al. Cytokines stimulate lipolysis and decrease lipoprotein lipase activity in cultured fat cells by a prostaglandin independent mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992;186(1):237\u201343.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"5702_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.14.11.1866","volume":"14","author":"KR Feingold","year":"1994","unstructured":"Feingold KR, et al. Effect of endotoxin and cytokines on lipoprotein lipase activity in mice. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14(11):1866\u201372.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2014.06.003","volume":"29","author":"I Ilias","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ilias I, et al. Adipose tissue lipolysis and circulating lipids in acute and subacute critical illness: effects of shock and treatment. J Crit Care. 2014;29(6):e11305\u20139.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16296","volume":"290","author":"X Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou X, Zhu X, Zeng H. Fatty acid metabolism in adaptive immunity. FEBS J. 2023;290(3):584\u201399.","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"12","key":"5702_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00582-9","volume":"18","author":"NA Reilly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reilly NA, et al. Effects of fatty acids on T cell function: role in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021;18(12):824\u201337.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202105-1197TR","volume":"205","author":"DA Hofmaenner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hofmaenner DA, et al. The many roles of cholesterol in sepsis: a review. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(4):388\u201396.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"5702_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R300019-JLR200","volume":"45","author":"W Khovidhunkit","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khovidhunkit W, et al. Effects of infection and inflammation on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism: mechanisms and consequences to the host. J Lipid Res. 2004;45(7):1169\u201396.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"5702_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguilar-Ballester M et al. Impact Cholesterol Metabolism Immune Cell Function Atherosclerosis Nutrients, 2020. 12(7):2021 .","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072021"},{"key":"5702_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00070","volume":"7","author":"D Annane","year":"2016","unstructured":"Annane D. The role of ACTH and corticosteroids for sepsis and septic shock: an update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2016;7:70.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"5702_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105580","volume":"46","author":"AJ Borkowski","year":"1967","unstructured":"Borkowski AJ, et al. Blood cholesterol and hydrocortisone production in man: quantitative aspects of the utilization of circulating cholesterol by the adrenals at rest and under adrenocorticotropin stimulation. J Clin Invest. 1967;46(5):797\u2013811.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.14.1.8","volume":"14","author":"WH Ettinger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ettinger WH, et al. Cytokines decrease apolipoprotein accumulation in medium from hep G2 cells. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14(1):8\u201313.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb"},{"issue":"5","key":"5702_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0155030","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155030","volume":"11","author":"E Topchiy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Topchiy E, et al. Lipopolysaccharide is cleared from the circulation by hepatocytes via the low density lipoprotein receptor. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(5):e0155030.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"5702_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M800172-JLR200","volume":"49","author":"L Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li L, Thompson PA, Kitchens RL. Infection induces a positive acute phase Apolipoprotein E response from a negative acute phase gene: role of hepatic LDL receptors. J Lipid Res. 2008;49(8):1782\u201393.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"5702_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao W, Rudling M, Angelin B. Endotoxin suppresses rat hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor expression. Biochem J, 1996. 313 (Pt 3)(Pt 3): pp. 873-8.","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3130873"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.07.023","volume":"374","author":"KR Feingold","year":"2008","unstructured":"Feingold KR, et al. Inflammation stimulates the expression of PCSK9. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;374(2):341\u20134.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR45","first-page":"343","volume":"37","author":"R Shor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shor R, et al. Low serum LDL cholesterol levels and the risk of fever, sepsis, and malignancy. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2007;37(4):343\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1579-8","volume":"20","author":"FW Guirgis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guirgis FW, et al. Cholesterol levels and long-term rates of community-acquired sepsis. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):408.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E248","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1846","volume":"97","author":"CL Haase","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haase CL, et al. LCAT, HDL cholesterol and ischemic cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study of HDL cholesterol in 54,500 individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism. 2012;97(2):E248\u201356.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism"},{"issue":"9","key":"5702_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht571","volume":"36","author":"MV Holmes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holmes MV, et al. Mendelian randomization of blood lipids for coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(9):539\u201350.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"8","key":"5702_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000171183.79525.6B","volume":"33","author":"JY Chien","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chien JY, et al. Low serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a poor prognostic factor for severe sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(8):1688\u201393.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"5702_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.12.024","volume":"50","author":"MH Tsai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tsai MH, et al. Low serum concentration of Apolipoprotein A-I is an indicator of poor prognosis in cirrhotic patients with severe sepsis. J Hepatol. 2009;50(5):906\u201315.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26206","volume":"117","author":"T Vaisar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vaisar T, et al. Shotgun proteomics implicates protease inhibition and complement activation in the antiinflammatory properties of HDL. J Clin Invest. 2007;117(3):746\u201356.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31608","volume":"117","author":"MP Reilly","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reilly MP, Tall AR. HDL proteomics: pot of gold or pandora\u2019s box? J Clin Invest. 2007;117(3):595\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.200196","volume":"30","author":"F Tabet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tabet F, et al. The 5A apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide displays antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties in vivo and in vitro. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30(2):246\u201352.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu150","volume":"103","author":"AL Catapano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Catapano AL, et al. HDL in innate and adaptive immunity. Cardiovasc Res. 2014;103(3):372\u201383.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38390-5","volume":"30","author":"VG Cabana","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cabana VG, Siegel JN, Sabesin SM. Effects of the acute phase response on the concentration and density distribution of plasma lipids and apolipoproteins. J Lipid Res. 1989;30(1):39\u201349.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110847","volume":"71","author":"JS Hoffman","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hoffman JS, Benditt EP. Plasma clearance kinetics of the amyloid-related high density lipoprotein apoprotein, serum amyloid protein (apoSAA), in the mouse. Evidence for rapid ApoSAA clearance. J Clin Invest. 1983;71(4):926\u201334.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"5702_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000023228.90866.29","volume":"22","author":"UJ Tietge","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tietge UJ, et al. Human secretory phospholipase A2 mediates decreased plasma levels of HDL cholesterol and apoA-I in response to inflammation in human apoA-I transgenic mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22(7):1213\u20138.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(99)00072-4","volume":"1439","author":"VS Subramanian","year":"1999","unstructured":"Subramanian VS, et al. Role of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in the metabolism of oxidized phospholipids in plasma: studies with platelet-activating factor-acetyl hydrolase-deficient plasma. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999;1439(1):95\u2013109.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"12","key":"5702_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3066","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.255711","volume":"32","author":"AG Holleboom","year":"2012","unstructured":"Holleboom AG, et al. Lipid oxidation in carriers of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase gene mutations. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32(12):3066\u201375.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41133-2","volume":"36","author":"H Ly","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ly H, et al. Endotoxin and TNF lead to reduced plasma LCAT activity and decreased hepatic LCAT mRNA levels in Syrian hamsters. J Lipid Res. 1995;36(6):1254\u201363.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"5702_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795460","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.795460","volume":"9","author":"AC Reisinger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reisinger AC, et al. Impact of sepsis on High-Density lipoprotein metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9:795460.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)31690-4","volume":"42","author":"S Barlage","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barlage S, et al. ApoE-containing high density lipoproteins and phospholipid transfer protein activity increase in patients with a systemic inflammatory response. J Lipid Res. 2001;42(2):281\u201390.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"5702_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2007.10.001","volume":"1771","author":"JH Levels","year":"2007","unstructured":"Levels JH, et al. Alterations in lipoprotein homeostasis during human experimental endotoxemia and clinical sepsis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007;1771(12):1429\u201338.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(98)00265-2","volume":"142","author":"KR Feingold","year":"1999","unstructured":"Feingold KR, et al. Endotoxin and interleukin-1 decrease hepatic lipase mRNA levels. Atherosclerosis. 1999;142(2):379\u201387.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"5702_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magilavy DB, Zhan R, Black DD. Modulation of murine hepatic lipase activity by exogenous and endogenous Kupffer-cell activation. Biochem J, 1993. 292 (Pt 1)(Pt 1): pp. 249\u2009\u2013\u200952.","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2920249"},{"issue":"9","key":"5702_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1986.tb03012.x","volume":"30","author":"M Kawakami","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kawakami M, et al. Lipid metabolism in endotoxic rats: decrease in hepatic triglyceride lipase activity. Microbiol Immunol. 1986;30(9):849\u201354.","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5702_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000263011.34709.c5","volume":"100","author":"X Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang X, Jin W, Rader DJ. Upregulation of macrophage endothelial lipase by toll-like receptors 4 and 3 modulates macrophage interleukin-10 and \u2013 12 production. Circ Res. 2007;100(7):1008\u201315.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0541-8","volume":"9","author":"S Tanaka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tanaka S, et al. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle size and concentration changes in septic shock patients. Ann Intensive Care. 2019;9(1):68.","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.032","volume":"222","author":"L de la Moya","year":"2012","unstructured":"de la Moya L. Inflammation modulates human HDL composition and function in vivo. Atherosclerosis. 2012;222(2):390\u20134.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"10","key":"5702_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32218-5","volume":"42","author":"W Khovidhunkit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Khovidhunkit W, et al. Regulation of scavenger receptor class B type I in hamster liver and Hep3B cells by endotoxin and cytokines. J Lipid Res. 2001;42(10):1636\u201344.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27985","volume":"62","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y, et al. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein is predominantly derived from Kupffer cells. Hepatology. 2015;62(6):1710\u201322.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-018-0301-5","volume":"27","author":"LL Blauw","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blauw LL, et al. Mendelian randomization reveals unexpected effects of CETP on the lipoprotein profile. Eur J Hum Genet. 2019;27(3):422\u201331.","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"5702_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008105","author":"SJL van der Tuin","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Tuin SJL, et al. Lipopolysaccharide lowers cholesteryl ester transfer protein by activating F4\/80(+)Clec4f(+)Vsig4(+)Ly6C(-) Kupffer cell subsets. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(6):e008105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.117.008105","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"5702_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308530","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1308530","volume":"14","author":"T Szakmany","year":"2023","unstructured":"Szakmany T, et al. The \u2018analysis of gene expression and biomarkers for point-of-care decision support in sepsis\u2019 study; Temporal clinical parameter analysis and validation of early diagnostic biomarker signatures for severe inflammation andsepsis-SIRS discrimination. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1308530.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5702_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201806-1157OC","volume":"199","author":"M Trinder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Trinder M, et al. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein influences high-density lipoprotein levels and survival in sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;199(7):854\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"5702_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048568","volume":"143","author":"M Trinder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trinder M, et al. Inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein preserves High-Density lipoprotein cholesterol and improves survival in sepsis. Circulation. 2021;143(9):921\u201334.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16764","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35261-2","volume":"8","author":"KR Genga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Genga KR, et al. CETP genetic variant rs1800777 (allele A) is associated with abnormally low HDL-C levels and increased risk of AKI during sepsis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):16764.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000870","volume":"34","author":"G Barber","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barber G, Tanic J, Leligdowicz A. Circulating protein and lipid markers of early sepsis diagnosis and prognosis: a scoping review. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2023;34(2):70\u201381.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13462","volume":"16","author":"G Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu G, et al. The relationship between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and sepsis: a clinical and genetic approach. Clin Transl Sci. 2023;16(3):489\u2013501.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"issue":"24","key":"5702_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12040","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.24.12040","volume":"90","author":"DM Levine","year":"1993","unstructured":"Levine DM, et al. In vivo protection against endotoxin by plasma high density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90(24):12040\u20134.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.04.002","volume":"43","author":"YL Jiao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jiao YL, Wu MP. Apolipoprotein A-I diminishes acute lung injury and sepsis in mice induced by lipoteichoic acid. Cytokine. 2008;43(1):83\u20137.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"5","key":"5702_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.2821-2828.2001","volume":"69","author":"JH Levels","year":"2001","unstructured":"Levels JH, et al. Distribution and kinetics of lipoprotein-bound endotoxin. Infect Immun. 2001;69(5):2821\u20138.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0390984","volume":"39","author":"T Gautier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gautier T, Lagrost L. Plasma PLTP (phospholipid-transfer protein): an emerging role in \u2018reverse lipopolysaccharide transport\u2019 and innate immunity. Biochem Soc Trans. 2011;39(4):984\u20138.","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.2.596-601.1992","volume":"60","author":"K Emancipator","year":"1992","unstructured":"Emancipator K, Csako G, Elin RJ. In vitro inactivation of bacterial endotoxin by human lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Infect Immun. 1992;60(2):596\u2013601.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1538","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00467.2009","volume":"298","author":"LE Smythies","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smythies LE, et al. Apolipoprotein AI mimetic 4F alters the function of human monocyte-derived macrophages. Am J Physiology-Cell Physiol. 2010;298(6):C1538\u201348.","journal-title":"Am J Physiology-Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"5702_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7166","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1016086108","volume":"108","author":"JE Feig","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feig JE, et al. HDL promotes rapid atherosclerosis regression in mice and alters inflammatory properties of plaque monocyte-derived cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108(17):7166\u201371.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"10","key":"5702_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2014.07.009","volume":"26","author":"S-J Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park S-J, et al. Sphingosine 1-phosphate induced anti-atherogenic and atheroprotective M2 macrophage polarization through IL-4. Cell Signal. 2014;26(10):2249\u201358.","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.12.168","volume":"172","author":"S Colin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colin S, et al. HDL does not influence the polarization of human monocytes toward an alternative phenotype. Int J Cardiol. 2014;172(1):179\u201384.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13319","volume":"173","author":"MK Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee MK, et al. High-density lipoprotein inhibits human M1 macrophage polarization through redistribution of caveolin\u20101. Br J Pharmacol. 2016;173(4):741\u201351.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.10.013","volume":"25","author":"EPC van der Vorst","year":"2017","unstructured":"van der Vorst EPC, et al. High-density lipoproteins exert pro-inflammatory effects on macrophages via passive cholesterol depletion and PKC-NF-\u03baB\/STAT1-IRF1 signaling. Cell Metab. 2017;25(1):197\u2013207.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"5702_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-1592-5_3","volume":"1377","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y, et al. HDL and endothelial function. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1377:27\u201347.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-212753","volume":"27","author":"EP van der Vorst","year":"2013","unstructured":"van der Vorst EP, et al. High-density lipoproteins suppress chemokine expression and proliferation in human vascular smooth muscle cells. FASEB J. 2013;27(4):1413\u201325.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu137","volume":"103","author":"M van der Stoep","year":"2014","unstructured":"van der Stoep M, Korporaal SJ, Van Eck M. High-density lipoprotein as a modulator of platelet and coagulation responses. Cardiovasc Res. 2014;103(3):362\u201371.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/09680519050110020501","volume":"11","author":"JF Berb\u00e9e","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berb\u00e9e JF, Havekes LM, Rensen PC. Apolipoproteins modulate the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide. J Endotoxin Res. 2005;11(2):97\u2013103.","journal-title":"J Endotoxin Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"5702_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12495","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.209130","volume":"286","author":"Z Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu Z, et al. The low resolution structure of ApoA1 in spherical high density lipoprotein revealed by small angle neutron scattering. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(14):12495\u2013508.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"25","key":"5702_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17947","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.442699","volume":"288","author":"L Guo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guo L, et al. High density lipoprotein protects against polymicrobe-induced sepsis in mice. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(25):17947\u201353.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"5702_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.06.047","volume":"590","author":"Y Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li Y, Dong JB, Wu MP. Human ApoA-I overexpression diminishes LPS-induced systemic inflammation and multiple organ damage in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;590(1\u20133):417\u201322.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/36.6.419","volume":"36","author":"J Ma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ma J, et al. Role of apolipoprotein A-I in protecting against endotoxin toxicity. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2004;36(6):419\u201324.","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin"},{"key":"5702_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.11.027","volume":"15","author":"D He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He D, et al. Apolipoprotein A-1 mimetic peptide 4f promotes endothelial repairing and compromises reendothelialization impaired by oxidized HDL through SR-B1. Redox Biol. 2018;15:228\u201342.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.200162","volume":"30","author":"GM Buga","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buga GM, et al. L-4F alters hyperlipidemic (but not healthy) mouse plasma to reduce platelet aggregation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30(2):283\u20139.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.2.378","volume":"19","author":"D Li","year":"1999","unstructured":"Li D, et al. Inhibition of arterial thrombus formation by ApoA1 Milano. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19(2):378\u201383.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182826be0","volume":"74","author":"JK Femling","year":"2013","unstructured":"Femling JK, et al. Nosocomial infections after severe trauma are associated with lower apolipoproteins B and AII. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74(4):1067\u201373.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425908099171","volume":"14","author":"PA Thompson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thompson PA, et al. Apolipoprotein A-II augments monocyte responses to LPS by suppressing the inhibitory activity of LPS-binding protein. Innate Immun. 2008;14(6):365\u201374.","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119554","volume":"100","author":"LW Castellani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Castellani LW, et al. Overexpression of apolipoprotein AII in transgenic mice converts high density lipoproteins to proinflammatory particles. J Clin Invest. 1997;100(2):464\u201374.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"17","key":"5702_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11564","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.17.11564","volume":"274","author":"E Boisfer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boisfer E, et al. Overexpression of human apolipoprotein A-II in mice induces hypertriglyceridemia due to defective very low density lipoprotein hydrolysis. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(17):11564\u201372.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"5702_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M600112-JLR200","volume":"47","author":"S Dugu\u00e9-Pujol","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dugu\u00e9-Pujol S, et al. Human apolipoprotein A-II associates with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in plasma and impairs their catabolism. J Lipid Res. 2006;47(12):2631\u20139.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.198226","volume":"30","author":"J Julve","year":"2010","unstructured":"Julve J, et al. Human apolipoprotein A-II determines plasma triglycerides by regulating lipoprotein lipase activity and high-density lipoprotein proteome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30(2):232\u20138.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5702_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1006-y","volume":"34","author":"JF Berb\u00e9e","year":"2008","unstructured":"Berb\u00e9e JF, et al. Plasma apolipoprotein CI correlates with increased survival in patients with severe sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(5):907\u201311.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.2.122","volume":"63","author":"JF Berb\u00e9e","year":"2008","unstructured":"Berb\u00e9e JF, et al. Plasma apolipoprotein CI protects against mortality from infection in old age. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63(2):122\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"5702_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M800588-JLR200","volume":"50","author":"JP de Barros","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Barros JP, et al. Apolipoprotein CI is a physiological regulator of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity in human plasma but not in rabbit plasma. J Lipid Res. 2009;50(9):1842\u201351.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.10.147","volume":"377","author":"W de Haan","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Haan W, et al. Apolipoprotein CI inhibits scavenger receptor BI and increases plasma HDL levels in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;377(4):1294\u20138.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"5702_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)82151-6","volume":"259","author":"A Jonas","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jonas A, Sweeny SA, Herbert PN. Discoidal complexes of A and C apolipoproteins with lipids and their reactions with lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1984;259(10):6369\u201375.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"14","key":"5702_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00685a003","volume":"14","author":"AK Soutar","year":"1975","unstructured":"Soutar AK, et al. Effect of the human plasma apolipoproteins and phosphatidylcholine acyl donor on the activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase. Biochemistry. 1975;14(14):3057\u201364.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"5702_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5639fje","volume":"20","author":"JF Berb\u00e9e","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berb\u00e9e JF, et al. Apolipoprotein CI stimulates the response to lipopolysaccharide and reduces mortality in gram-negative sepsis. FASEB J. 2006;20(12):2162\u20134.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"12","key":"5702_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.12.2779","volume":"50","author":"MC Jong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jong MC, et al. Protection from obesity and insulin resistance in mice overexpressing human apolipoprotein C1. Diabetes. 2001;50(12):2779\u201385.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"5702_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.148","volume":"35","author":"S Dassati","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dassati S, Waldner A, Schweigreiter R. Apolipoprotein D takes center stage in the stress response of the aging and degenerative brain. Neurobiol Aging. 2014;35(7):1632\u201342.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00484-Q","volume":"366","author":"JH Morais Cabral","year":"1995","unstructured":"Morais Cabral JH, et al. Arachidonic acid binds to Apolipoprotein D: implications for the protein\u2019s function. FEBS Lett. 1995;366(1):53\u20136.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"4473","key":"5702_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6254151","volume":"210","author":"FA Kuehl Jr","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kuehl FA Jr., Egan RW. Prostaglandins, arachidonic acid, and inflammation. Science. 1980;210(4473):978\u201384.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2003.08.014","volume":"69","author":"EA Thomas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thomas EA, George RC, Sutcliffe JG. Apolipoprotein D modulates arachidonic acid signaling in cultured cells: implications for psychiatric disorders. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2003;69(6):421\u20137.","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2019.01.001","volume":"1864","author":"F Desmarais","year":"2019","unstructured":"Desmarais F, et al. Apolipoprotein D overexpression alters hepatic prostaglandin and omega fatty acid metabolism during the development of a non-inflammatory hepatic steatosis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). 2019;1864(4):522\u201331.","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-022-01679-8","volume":"72","author":"M Kurano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurano M, et al. Apolipoprotein D modulates lipid mediators and osteopontin in an anti-inflammatory direction. Inflamm Res. 2023;72(2):263\u201380.","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1621-5","volume":"61","author":"F Desmarais","year":"2018","unstructured":"Desmarais F, et al. High Apod protein level in the round ligament fat depot of severely obese women is associated with an improved inflammatory profile. Endocrine. 2018;61(2):248\u201357.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"5702_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-015-0048-1","volume":"10","author":"M Malik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malik M, et al. Genetics ignite focus on microglial inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener. 2015;10:52.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"5702_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlr.2021.100086","volume":"62","author":"G Petruk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petruk G, et al. The role of full-length ApoE in clearance of Gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins. J Lipid Res. 2021;62:100086.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"5702_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119427","volume":"99","author":"PC Rensen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rensen PC, et al. Human recombinant apolipoprotein E redirects lipopolysaccharide from Kupffer cells to liver parenchymal cells in rats in vivo. J Clin Invest. 1997;99(10):2438\u201345.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13072","volume":"133","author":"LM Tai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tai LM, et al. APOE-modulated A\u03b2-induced neuroinflammation in alzheimer\u2019s disease: current landscape, novel data, and future perspective. J Neurochem. 2015;133(4):465\u201388.","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22289","volume":"60","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu Y, et al. APOE genotype alters glial activation and loss of synaptic markers in mice. Glia. 2012;60(4):559\u201369.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089562","volume":"9","author":"OG Azevedo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Azevedo OG, et al. Apolipoprotein E plays a key role against cryptosporidial infection in transgenic undernourished mice. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(2):e89562.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"49","key":"5702_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48529","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306923200","volume":"278","author":"JR Lynch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lynch JR, et al. APOE genotype and an ApoE-mimetic peptide modify the systemic and central nervous system inflammatory response. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(49):48529\u201333.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"5702_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.11.014","volume":"30","author":"MP Vitek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vitek MP, Brown CM, Colton CA. Apoe genotype-specific differences in the innate immune response. Neurobiol Aging. 2009;30(9):1350\u201360.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5702_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00459-8","volume":"114","author":"JR Lynch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lynch JR, et al. Apolipoprotein E modulates glial activation and the endogenous central nervous system inflammatory response. J Neuroimmunol. 2001;114(1\u20132):107\u201313.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.01.032","volume":"134","author":"SC Gale","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gale SC, et al. APO\u03b54 is associated with enhanced in vivo innate immune responses in human subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134(1):127\u201334.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5702_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000187467.67684.43","volume":"97","author":"K Ali","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ali K, et al. Apolipoprotein E suppresses the type I inflammatory response in vivo. Circ Res. 2005;97(9):922\u20137.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11305","volume":"16","author":"SB Kumaraswamy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumaraswamy SB, et al. Decreased plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein M in sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndromes. Crit Care. 2012;16(2):R60.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-0709","volume":"53","author":"C Palmiere","year":"2015","unstructured":"Palmiere C, Bonsignore A, Augsburger M. Measurement of apolipoprotein m in sepsis-related deaths. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2015;53(4):e93-6.","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.024","volume":"229","author":"M Kurano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kurano M, et al. Liver involvement in sphingosine 1-phosphate dynamism revealed by adenoviral hepatic overexpression of apolipoprotein M. Atherosclerosis. 2013;229(1):102\u20139.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"5702_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(02)00147-6","volume":"1582","author":"F Okajima","year":"2002","unstructured":"Okajima F. Plasma lipoproteins behave as carriers of extracellular sphingosine 1-phosphate: is this an atherogenic mediator or an anti-atherogenic mediator? Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002;1582(1\u20133):132\u20137.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"5702_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Hla T. S1P control of endothelial integrity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 2014. 378: pp. 85\u2013105.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05879-5_4"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1641750","volume":"118","author":"M Kurano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kurano M, et al. Apolipoprotein M protects Lipopolysaccharide-Treated mice from death and organ injury. Thromb Haemost. 2018;118(6):1021\u201335.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"13","key":"5702_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab094","volume":"42","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heerspink HJL, et al. Effects of dapagliflozin on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pre-specified analysis from the DAPA-CKD randomized controlled trial. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(13):1216\u201327.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-020-00732-4","volume":"29","author":"ZH Maayah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maayah ZH, et al. Empagliflozin suppresses inflammation and protects against acute septic renal injury. Inflammopharmacology. 2021;29(1):269\u201379.","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2023.01046","volume":"39","author":"N Ashcherkin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ashcherkin N, et al. Are sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors associated with improved outcomes in diabetic patients admitted to intensive care units with septic shock? Acute Crit Care. 2024;39(2):251\u20136.","journal-title":"Acute Crit Care"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"5702_CR143","volume":"4","author":"C Valenzuela Ripoll","year":"2025","unstructured":"Valenzuela Ripoll C, et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibition preserves Apolipoprotein M during acute inflammation in mice and humans. JACC: Advances. 2025;4(6 Pt 2):101839.","journal-title":"JACC: Advances"},{"issue":"9","key":"5702_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-003-2585-4","volume":"33","author":"T Imai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Imai T, Fujita T, Yamazaki Y. Beneficial effects of apolipoprotein A-I on endotoxemia. Surg Today. 2003;33(9):684\u20137.","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"issue":"5","key":"5702_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64486","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064486","volume":"8","author":"OF Sharifov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharifov OF, et al. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide in acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to sepsis. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(5):e64486.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H866","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01232.2008","volume":"297","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang Z, et al. Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide treatment inhibits inflammatory responses and improves survival in septic rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009;297(2):H866\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5702_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M008086","volume":"51","author":"L Dai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dai L, et al. The apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4f prevents defects in vascular function in endotoxemic rats. J Lipid Res. 2010;51(9):2695\u2013705.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5702_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R514","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00445.2013","volume":"307","author":"RS Moreira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moreira RS, et al. Apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide 4F attenuates kidney injury, heart injury, and endothelial dysfunction in sepsis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2014;307(5):R514\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2209528120","volume":"120","author":"YE Liao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liao YE, et al. Using heparan sulfate octadecasaccharide (18-mer) as a multi-target agent to protect against sepsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023;120(4):e2209528120.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003155","volume":"132","author":"S Tanaka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tanaka S, et al. Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein therapy improves survival in mouse models of sepsis. Anesthesiology. 2020;132(4):825\u201338.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"5702_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1995.1204","volume":"59","author":"AT Casas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Casas AT, et al. Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein reduces LPS-stimulated TNF alpha. J Surg Res. 1995;59(5):544\u201352.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"725","key":"5702_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.abl9322","volume":"15","author":"L Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo L, et al. Replenishing HDL with synthetic HDL has multiple protective effects against sepsis in mice. Sci Signal. 2022;15(725):eabl9322.","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"issue":"5","key":"5702_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.5.1601","volume":"184","author":"D Pajkrt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pajkrt D, et al. Antiinflammatory effects of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein during human endotoxemia. J Exp Med. 1996;184(5):1601\u20138.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"5702_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936659","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.936659","volume":"13","author":"S Faguer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Faguer S, et al. Apolipoprotein-A-I for severe COVID-19-induced hyperinflammatory states: a prospective case study. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:936659.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03057-5","volume":"21","author":"A Stasi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stasi A, et al. Beneficial effects of recombinant CER-001 high-density lipoprotein infusion in sepsis: results from a bench to bedside translational research project. BMC Med. 2023;21(1):392.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2014-0188","volume":"396","author":"X Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wang L, Chen B. Recombinant HDL (Milano) protects endotoxin-challenged rats from multiple organ injury and dysfunction. Biol Chem. 2015;396(1):53\u201360.","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"5702_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.112677","volume":"147","author":"K Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang K, et al. LCAT- targeted therapies: progress, failures and future. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;147:112677.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.08.006","volume":"61","author":"Z Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen Z, et al. Small molecule activation of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase modulates lipoprotein metabolism in mice and hamsters. Metabolism. 2012;61(4):470\u201381.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306223","volume":"118","author":"RD Shamburek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shamburek RD, et al. Safety and tolerability of ACP-501, a recombinant human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, in a phase 1 single-dose escalation study. Circ Res. 2016;118(1):73\u201382.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"10 Pt A","key":"5702_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.07.010","volume":"1852","author":"PI Petropoulou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petropoulou PI, et al. Lack of LCAT reduces the LPS-neutralizing capacity of HDL and enhances LPS-induced inflammation in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1852(10 Pt A):2106\u201315.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"5702_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le Lay JE et al. Blocking endothelial lipase with monoclonal antibody MEDI5884 durably increases high density lipoprotein in nonhuman primates and in a phase 1 trial. Sci Transl Med, 2021. 13(590).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb0602"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.121.315882","volume":"41","author":"E Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou E, et al. Hepatic scavenger receptor class B type 1 knockdown reduces atherosclerosis and enhances the antiatherosclerotic effect of brown fat activation in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2021;41(4):1474\u201386.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5702_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-00324-0","volume":"2","author":"C Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei C, et al. HDL-scavenger receptor B type 1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry. Nat Metab. 2020;2(12):1391\u2013400.","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"30","key":"5702_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12243","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1109078108","volume":"108","author":"M Yu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yu M, et al. Exoplasmic cysteine Cys384 of the HDL receptor SR-BI is critical for its sensitivity to a small-molecule inhibitor and normal lipid transport activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108(30):12243\u20138.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"25","key":"5702_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22771","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M211032200","volume":"278","author":"TG Vishnyakova","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vishnyakova TG, et al. Binding and internalization of lipopolysaccharide by Cla-1, a human orthologue of rodent scavenger receptor B1. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(25):22771\u201380.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"47","key":"5702_CR166","first-page":"5916","volume":"16","author":"M Hoekstra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoekstra M, Van Berkel TJ, Van Eck M. Scavenger receptor BI: a multi-purpose player in cholesterol and steroid metabolism. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(47):5916\u201324.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31539","volume":"118","author":"L Cai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cai L, et al. SR-BI protects against endotoxemia in mice through its roles in glucocorticoid production and hepatic clearance. J Clin Invest. 2008;118(1):364\u201375.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100253","volume":"187","author":"MB Fessler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fessler MB, Parks JS. Intracellular lipid flux and membrane microdomains as organizing principles in inflammatory cell signaling. J Immunol. 2011;187(4):1529\u201335.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken466","volume":"48","author":"F Montecucco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Montecucco F, et al. Statins inhibit C-reactive protein-induced chemokine secretion, ICAM-1 upregulation and chemotaxis in adherent human monocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48(3):233\u201342.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e3283398e53","volume":"25","author":"P Quist-Paulsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Quist-Paulsen P. Statins and inflammation: an update. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2010;25(4):399\u2013405.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-008-6113-z","volume":"22","author":"F McTaggart","year":"2008","unstructured":"McTaggart F, Jones P. Effects of statins on high-density lipoproteins: a potential contribution to cardiovascular benefit. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2008;22(4):321\u201338.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.1.189","volume":"20","author":"M Guerin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guerin M, et al. Action of atorvastatin in combined hyperlipidemia: preferential reduction of cholesteryl ester transfer from HDL to VLDL1 particles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20(1):189\u201397.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.502195","volume":"112","author":"MW Merx","year":"2005","unstructured":"Merx MW, et al. Statin treatment after onset of sepsis in a murine model improves survival. Circulation. 2005;112(1):117\u201324.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2024.07.006","volume":"18","author":"M Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li M, et al. The impact of Statin use on sepsis mortality. J Clin Lipidol. 2024;18(6):e915\u201325.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R71","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13828","volume":"18","author":"YD Wan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wan YD, et al. Effect of statin therapy on mortality from infection and sepsis: a meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies. Crit Care. 2014;18(2):R71.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"5702_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d7281","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d7281","volume":"343","author":"HL van den Hoek","year":"2011","unstructured":"van den Hoek HL, et al. Statins and prevention of infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of data from large randomised placebo controlled trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d7281.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"5702_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201006-0955OC","volume":"183","author":"PS Kruger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kruger PS, et al. Continuation of statin therapy in patients with presumed infection: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(6):774\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5702_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2010.02269.x","volume":"40","author":"CM Grion","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grion CM, et al. Lipoproteins and CETP levels as risk factors for severe sepsis in hospitalized patients. Eur J Clin Invest. 2010;40(4):330\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"5702_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217922","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1217922","volume":"10","author":"C Lou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lou C, et al. Genetic association of lipids and lipid-lowering drugs with sepsis: a Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1217922.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"5702_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.173205","author":"H Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng H, et al. CETP inhibition enhances monocyte activation and bacterial clearance and reduces Streptococcus pneumonia-associated mortality in mice. JCI Insight. 2024;9(8):e173205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.173205","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"10","key":"5702_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-024-01231-5","volume":"26","author":"B Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang B, et al. Obicetrapib-the rebirth of CETP inhibitors? Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2024;26(10):603\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"5702_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1086\/431587","volume":"41","author":"LM Muller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Muller LM, et al. Increased risk of common infections in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(3):281\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2.510","volume":"26","author":"BR Shah","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shah BR, Hux JE. Quantifying the risk of infectious diseases for people with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(2):510\u20133.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"13","key":"5702_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810625","volume":"360","author":"S Finfer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Finfer S, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(13):1283\u201397.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5702_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181c02726","volume":"38","author":"ME Stegenga","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stegenga ME, et al. Diabetes does not alter mortality or hemostatic and inflammatory responses in patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(2):539\u201345.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5702_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1258\/0007142991902222","volume":"55","author":"J Cohen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cohen J. Adjunctive therapy in sepsis: a critical analysis of the clinical trial programme. Br Med Bull. 1999;55(1):212\u201325.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"}],"container-title":["Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13054-025-05702-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13054-025-05702-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13054-025-05702-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T14:02:49Z","timestamp":1765288969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ccforum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13054-025-05702-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":186,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-025-05702-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-8535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2025","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors Sesmu M. Arbous and Patrick C. N. Rensen Given Name initials were incorrectly indicated as part of the Family Name in the original publication, this article has been updated.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This review is based exclusively on previously published studies and does not involve any new studies with human participants or animals conducted by the authors. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"453"}}