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Despite efforts to humanize ICUs, there is a lack of real-time assessment tools for patient well-being and sense of safety. The aim of this project was to develop a scale assessing the feeling of well-being and safety in real time among intubated patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was performed to identify study outcomes evaluating well-being and sense of security. Results were used to organize focus groups and explore patients\u2019 experiences during their ICU stay. The scale was then developed via Delphi methodology by a patient-professional group. The scale was validated through patient interviews for face validity and implementation in a multicentric French cohort. Lastly, the scale was translated in English.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The systematic review included 137 articles. Focus groups (23 former patients and 5 relatives) highlighted communication challenges and the need for human support. Scale construction resulted in an initial 6-item pragmatic bedside tool. Face validation showed that the constructed scale was acceptable and led to refining the scale by changing item evaluation formats to a 4-stage Likert scale. Cohort validation, comprising 305 scale administrations (84 patients), indicated overall satisfaction and adequate completion rates. Psychometric analysis led to the removal of two items. A simplified 4-item scale (Comfort, Safety, Information, Trust) demonstrated improved reliability and coherence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final scale provides a practical measure of patient well-being in ICUs and is usable in real time at the bedside.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-026-05923-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T07:34:35Z","timestamp":1772868875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Well-being and sense of security of intubated patients in intensive care units: a patient co-constructed dedicated scale"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5400-7529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laetitia","family":"Bodet-Contentin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Lecompte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien","family":"Lociciro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Kentish Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Messet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misylias","family":"Bouaoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Cibron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Chudeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Barbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole","family":"Haubertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Poiroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedicte","family":"Sautenet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wissam","family":"El Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Le Gouge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Leger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Benoit","family":"Hardouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Ehrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"5923_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.13196","volume":"38","author":"M Eriksson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eriksson M, Ekstr\u00f6m-Bergstr\u00f6m A, Arvidsson S, Jormfeldt H, Thorstensson S, \u00c5str\u00f6m U, et al. 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SE and LBC declare research collaboration with JIB Smart Home as co-inventors of the patent N\/Ref B01382FR 21 06239 registered June 14th 2021, \u201cCommunication interface adapted according to a cognitive evaluation for speech-impaired patient\u201d. FB declare lecture fees and research grant from MSD Ltd, Conference invitation from Pfizer Ltd, lecture fees from Advanz Pharma Ltd and consulting fees from Shionogi Ltd; all outside the scope of the submitted work.Other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"113"}}