{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:52:53Z","timestamp":1793497973524,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474416000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1CA186107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1CA186107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01CA87969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01CA87969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UM1CA176726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1CA176726"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA175080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA175080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA124865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA124865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA131332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA131332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 CA09001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA09001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000142","name":"Avon Foundation for Women","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000869","name":"Susan G. Komen for the Cure","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010228","name":"Simeon J. Fortin Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010228","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Breast Cancer Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-016-0750-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T09:04:57Z","timestamp":1474448697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Mammographic density and breast cancer risk: a mediation analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Megan S.","family":"Rice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"VanderWeele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard A.","family":"Rosner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Olov","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rulla M.","family":"Tamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"750_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0034","volume":"15","author":"VA McCormack","year":"2006","unstructured":"McCormack VA, dos Santos Silva I. Breast density and parenchymal patterns as markers of breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15(6):1159\u201369.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"21","key":"750_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.21.1622","volume":"87","author":"C Byrne","year":"1995","unstructured":"Byrne C, et al. Mammographic features and breast cancer risk: effects with time, age, and menopause status. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87(21):1622\u20139.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"750_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1831","volume":"10","author":"LJ Martin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martin LJ, Boyd NF. Mammographic density. Potential mechanisms of breast cancer risk associated with mammographic density: hypotheses based on epidemiological evidence. Breast Cancer Res. 2008;10(1):201.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"750_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0881","volume":"19","author":"LJ Martin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martin LJ, et al. Family history, mammographic density, and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010;19(2):456\u201363.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"10","key":"750_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(05)70390-9","volume":"6","author":"NF Boyd","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boyd NF, et al. Mammographic breast density as an intermediate phenotype for breast cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6(10):798\u2013808.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"750_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm112","volume":"166","author":"TA Sellers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sellers TA, et al. Association of childhood and adolescent anthropometric factors, physical activity, and diet with adult mammographic breast density. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;166(4):456\u201364.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"750_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113755","volume":"119","author":"J Brisson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Brisson J, et al. Height and weight, mammographic features of breast tissue, and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol. 1984;119(3):371\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"750_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2942","volume":"13","author":"NF Boyd","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boyd NF, et al. Mammographic density and breast cancer risk: current understanding and future prospects. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13(6):223.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"750_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181df191c","volume":"21","author":"TJ VanderWeele","year":"2010","unstructured":"VanderWeele TJ. Bias formulas for sensitivity analysis for direct and indirect effects. Epidemiology. 2010;21(4):540\u201351.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"750_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr225","volume":"174","author":"HR Harris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Harris HR, et al. Body size across the life course, mammographic density, and risk of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174(8):909\u201318.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"750_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0762","volume":"15","author":"NF Boyd","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boyd NF, et al. Mammographic density as a surrogate marker for the effects of hormone therapy on risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15(5):961\u20136.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"750_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-04-0561","volume":"14","author":"ES Schernhammer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schernhammer ES, et al. Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors, their binding proteins, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(3):699\u2013704.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"4","key":"750_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-3369","volume":"66","author":"SS Tworoger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tworoger SS, Sluss P, Hankinson SE. Association between plasma prolactin concentrations and risk of breast cancer among predominately premenopausal women. Cancer Res. 2006;66(4):2476\u201382.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"9113","key":"750_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)10384-1","volume":"351","author":"SE Hankinson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hankinson SE, et al. Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of breast cancer. Lancet. 1998;351(9113):1393\u20136.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"750_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1983.10487848","volume":"25","author":"B Rosner","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rosner B. Percentage points for a generalized ESD many-outlier procedure. Technometrics. 1983;25:165\u201372.","journal-title":"Technometrics."},{"issue":"1","key":"750_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2240-0","volume":"136","author":"KA Bertrand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bertrand KA, et al. Urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites and mammographic density in premenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;136(1):277\u201387.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"6","key":"750_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm348","volume":"167","author":"B Rosner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosner B, et al. Determination of blood pressure percentiles in normal-weight children: some methodological issues. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167(6):653\u201366.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"750_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.10.950","volume":"152","author":"GA Colditz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Colditz GA, Rosner B. Cumulative risk of breast cancer to age 70\u00a0years according to risk factor status: data from the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2000;152(10):950\u201364.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"750_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970715)16:13<1515::AID-SIM572>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"16","author":"DY Lin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lin DY, Fleming TR, De Gruttola V. Estimating the proportion of treatment effect explained by a surrogate marker. Stat Med. 1997;16(13):1515\u201327.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"750_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R100","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3041","volume":"13","author":"A Pettersson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pettersson A, et al. Nondense mammographic area and risk of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13(5):R100.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"750_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq332","volume":"172","author":"TJ VanderWeele","year":"2010","unstructured":"VanderWeele TJ, Vansteelandt S. Odds ratios for mediation analysis for a dichotomous outcome. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(12):1339\u201348.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"750_CR22","unstructured":"VanderWeele TJ. Explanation in causal inference: methods for mediation and interaction. New York: Oxford University Press; 2015. xvi. 706."},{"issue":"9","key":"750_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0336","volume":"16","author":"JR Palmer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palmer JR, et al. A prospective study of body size and breast cancer in black women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16(9):1795\u2013802.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"21","key":"750_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.21.2395","volume":"166","author":"KB Michels","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michels KB, Terry KL, Willett WC. Longitudinal study on the role of body size in premenopausal breast cancer. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(21):2395\u2013402.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"750_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602758","volume":"93","author":"CM Magnusson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Magnusson CM, et al. Body fatness and physical activity at young ages and the risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women. Br J Cancer. 2005;93(7):817\u201324.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"750_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R314","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr998","volume":"7","author":"HJ Baer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baer HJ, et al. Body fatness during childhood and adolescence and incidence of breast cancer in premenopausal women: a prospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2005;7(3):R314\u201325.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"750_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980330)76:1<29::AID-IJC6>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"76","author":"C Magnusson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Magnusson C, et al. Body size in different periods of life and breast cancer risk in post-menopausal women. Int J Cancer. 1998;76(1):29\u201334.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"750_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114936","volume":"128","author":"L Le Marchand","year":"1988","unstructured":"Le Marchand L, et al. Body size at different periods of life and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol. 1988;128(1):137\u201352.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"750_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-007-9631-7","volume":"109","author":"G Samimi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Samimi G, et al. Measures of energy balance and mammographic density in the Nurses' Health Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;109(1):113\u201322.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"5","key":"750_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601207","volume":"89","author":"VA McCormack","year":"2003","unstructured":"McCormack VA, et al. Life-course body size and perimenopausal mammographic parenchymal patterns in the MRC 1946 British birth cohort. Br J Cancer. 2003;89(5):852\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"750_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-004-2473-2","volume":"15","author":"M Jeffreys","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jeffreys M, et al. Life course breast cancer risk factors and adult breast density (United Kingdom). Cancer Causes Control. 2004;15(9):947\u201355.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"750_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-011-1664-2","volume":"130","author":"V Lope","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lope V, et al. Childhood factors associated with mammographic density in adult women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;130(3):965\u201374.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"750_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R4","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3596","volume":"16","author":"ZJ Andersen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andersen ZJ, et al. Birth weight, childhood body mass index, and height in relation to mammographic density and breast cancer: a register-based cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2014;16(1):R4.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"750_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-015-0601-4","volume":"17","author":"KA Bertrand","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bertrand KA, et al. Body fatness during childhood and adolescence and breast density in young women: a prospective analysis. Breast Cancer Res. 2015;17:95.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res."},{"issue":"14","key":"750_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djt124","volume":"105","author":"JA Tice","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tice JA, et al. Benign breast disease, mammographic breast density, and the risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(14):1043\u20139.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"750_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00008469-200002000-00003","volume":"9","author":"NF Boyd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boyd NF, et al. Mammographic densities and the prevalence and incidence of histological types of benign breast disease. Reference Pathologists of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2000;9(1):15\u201324.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"18","key":"750_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji279","volume":"97","author":"A McTiernan","year":"2005","unstructured":"McTiernan A, et al. Estrogen-plus-progestin use and mammographic density in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(18):1366\u201376.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"750_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/95.1.30","volume":"95","author":"GA Greendale","year":"2003","unstructured":"Greendale GA, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and change in mammographic density. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(1):30\u20137.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"24","key":"750_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.24.3243","volume":"289","author":"RT Chlebowski","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chlebowski RT, et al. Influence of estrogen plus progestin on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. JAMA. 2003;289(24):3243\u201353.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"750_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318258f5e4","volume":"23","author":"TJ VanderWeele","year":"2012","unstructured":"VanderWeele TJ, Valeri L, Ogburn EL. The role of measurement error and misclassification in mediation analysis: mediation and measurement error. Epidemiology. 2012;23(4):561\u20134.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["Breast Cancer Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13058-016-0750-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13058-016-0750-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13058-016-0750-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T09:16:56Z","timestamp":1589534216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13058-016-0750-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13058-016-0750-0","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726832493.793524221","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1465-542X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-542X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"94"}}