{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T07:27:41Z","timestamp":1784618861776,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["CA131332, CA175080, P01 CA087969, UM1 CA186107, U01 CA176726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA131332, CA175080, P01 CA087969, UM1 CA186107, U01 CA176726"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["CA131332, CA175080, P01 CA087969, UM1 CA186107, U01 CA176726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA131332, CA175080, P01 CA087969, UM1 CA186107, U01 CA176726"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute","award":["CA131332, CA175080, P01 CA087969, UM1 CA186107, U01 CA176726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA131332, CA175080, P01 CA087969, UM1 CA186107, U01 CA176726"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000142","name":"Avon Foundation for Women","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000869","name":"Susan G. Komen for the Cure","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001006","name":"Breast Cancer Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Breast Cancer Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We investigated the associations of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with breast cancer risk by the status of COX-2 protein expression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study included 421 cases and 3,166 controls from a nested case\u2013control study within the Nurses\u2019 Health Study (NHS) and Nurses\u2019 Health Study II (NHSII) cohorts. Information on medication use was first collected in 1980 (NHS) and 1989 (NHSII) and was updated biennially. Medication use was defined as none, past or current; average cumulative dose and frequency were calculated for all past or current users using data collected from all biannual questionnaires preceding the reference date. Immunochemistry for COX-2 expression was performed using commercial antibody (Cayman Chemical and Thermo Fisher Scientific). We used polychotomous logistic regression to quantify associations of aspirin and NSAIDs with the risk of COX2+\u2009and COX2\u2212 breast cancer tumors, while adjusting for known breast cancer risk factors. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In multivariate analysis, we found no differences in associations of the aspirin exposures and NSAIDs with breast cancer risk by COX2 expression status. In stratified analyses by COX2 status, significant associations of these medications with breast cancer risk were observed for dosage of aspirin among current users in COX2- tumors (OR for\u2009&gt;\u20095 tablets per week vs. none 1.71, 95% CI 1.01\u20132.88, p-trend 0.04). Regular aspirin use was marginally associated with the risk of COX2- tumors (p-trend\u2009=\u20090.06).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings suggested no differences in associations of aspirin and other NSAIDs with COX2+\u2009and COX2\u2212 tumors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-022-01575-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T09:02:33Z","timestamp":1670576553000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations of aspirin and other anti-inflammatory medications with breast cancer risk by the status of COX-2 expression"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1626-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lusine","family":"Yaghjyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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The study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of the Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and those of participating registries as required. Consent was obtained or implied by return of questionnaires.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"89"}}