{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T06:54:50Z","timestamp":1770965690452,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001111","name":"Cancer Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2002944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2002944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001111","name":"Cancer Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2002944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2002944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001026","name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2002944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2002944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001026","name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2002944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2002944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022084","name":"Peter MacCallum Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000951","name":"Cancer Council Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1193630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1193630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1063092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1063092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1063092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1063092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010260","name":"Union for International Cancer Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000947","name":"Australian Cancer Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Breast Cancer Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various histopathological, clinical and imaging parameters have been evaluated to identify a subset of women diagnosed with lesions with uncertain malignant potential (B3 or BIRADS 3\/4A lesions) who could safely be observed rather than being treated with surgical excision, with little impact on clinical practice. The primary reason for surgery is to rule out an upgrade to either ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer, which occurs in up to 30% of patients. We hypothesised that the stromal immune microenvironment could indicate the presence of carcinoma associated with a ductal B3 lesion and that this could be detected in biopsies by counting lymphocytes as a predictive biomarker for upgrade. A higher number of lymphocytes in the surrounding specialised stroma was observed in upgraded ductal and papillary B3 lesions than non-upgraded (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01, negative binomial model, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009307). We developed a model using lymphocytes combined with age and the type of lesion, which was predictive of upgrade with an area under the curve of 0.82 [95% confidence interval 0.77\u20130.87]. The model can identify some patients at risk of upgrade with high sensitivity, but with limited specificity. Assessing the tumour microenvironment including stromal lymphocytes may contribute to reducing unnecessary surgeries in the clinic, but additional predictive features are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-024-01857-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T13:02:23Z","timestamp":1720443743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Stromal lymphocytes are associated with upgrade of B3 breast lesions"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tanjina","family":"Kader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Provenzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madawa W.","family":"Jayawardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shona","family":"Hendry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Min","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Tjoeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen ML.","family":"Frazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eloise","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sureshni I.","family":"Jayasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Keane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Murugasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neeha","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Islam M.","family":"Miligy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Toss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emad A.","family":"Rakha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. Bruce","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian G.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kylie L.","family":"Gorringe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1857_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019192192","volume":"294","author":"RF Brem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brem RF. Management of breast atypical Ductal Hyperplasia: now and the future. Radiology. 2020;294(1):87\u20138.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1857_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rageth CJ, O\u2019Flynn EA, Pinker K, Kubik-Huch RA, Mundinger A, Decker T, Tausch C, Dammann F, Baltzer PA, Fallenberg EM. Second International Consensus Conference on lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast (B3 lesions). Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2018:1\u201318.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-018-05071-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"1857_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2590-1","volume":"20","author":"X Wen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wen X, Cheng W. Nonmalignant breast papillary lesions at core-needle biopsy: a Meta-analysis of underestimation and influencing factors. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20(1):94\u2013101.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1857_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019190748","volume":"294","author":"S Schiaffino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schiaffino S, Calabrese M, Melani EF, Trimboli RM, Cozzi A, Carbonaro LA, Leo GD, Sardanelli F. Upgrade rate of Percutaneously diagnosed pure atypical Ductal Hyperplasia: systematic review and Meta-analysis of 6458 lesions. Radiology. 2020;294(1):76\u201386.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1857_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forester ND, Lowes S, Mitchell E, Twiddy M. High risk (B3) breast lesions: what is the incidence of malignancy for individual lesion subtypes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.12.008"},{"key":"1857_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Idowu MO, Singh JA, Grimes MM. Overview of Pathology Evaluation of Breast Lesions and Quality Assurance. In: Diagnosis and Management of Breast Tumors: A Practical Handbook and Multidisciplinary Approach edn. Edited by Idowu MO, Shah PA, Hackney MH, Grimes MM, Geyer JCE, Arthur DW, Bear HD. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018: 35\u201372.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57726-5_2"},{"issue":"2","key":"1857_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-019-05481-9","volume":"179","author":"A DiPasquale","year":"2020","unstructured":"DiPasquale A, Silverman S, Farag E, Peiris L. Flat epithelial atypia: are we being too aggressive? Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2020;179(2):511\u20137.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"1857_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu C, Dingee CK, Warburton R, Pao J-S, Kuusk U, Bazzarelli A, Sidhu R, McKevitt EC. Pure flat epithelial atypia identified on core needle biopsy does not require excision. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2019.10.029"},{"issue":"10","key":"1857_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29243","volume":"121","author":"SM Said","year":"2015","unstructured":"Said SM, Visscher DW, Nassar A, Frank RD, Vierkant RA, Frost MH, Ghosh K, Radisky DC, Hartmann LC, Degnim AC. Flat epithelial atypia and risk of breast cancer: a Mayo cohort study. Cancer. 2015;121(10):1548\u201355.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"1857_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-020-05890-1","volume":"184","author":"KR Pawloski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pawloski KR, Christian N, Knezevic A, Wen HY, Van Zee KJ, Morrow M, Tadros AB. Atypical ductal hyperplasia bordering on DCIS on core biopsy is associated with higher risk of upgrade than conventional atypical ductal hyperplasia. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2020;184(3):873\u201380.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"1857_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khoury T. Preneoplastic low-risk mammary ductal lesions (atypical Ductal Hyperplasia and Ductal Carcinoma in situ spectrum): current status and future directions. Cancers (Basel) 2022, 14(3).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030507"},{"key":"1857_CR12","unstructured":"Australian R, Radiologists, NZCo. Breast Imaging Grading Comparison and Lesion Classification lists. 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"1857_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.09.001","volume":"11","author":"BC Calhoun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Calhoun BC. Core Needle Biopsy of the breast: an evaluation of Contemporary Data. Surg Pathol Clin. 2018;11(1):1\u201316.","journal-title":"Surg Pathol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"1857_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2015.8","volume":"12","author":"M Morrow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morrow M, Schnitt SJ, Norton L. Current management of lesions associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Nat Reviews Clin Oncol. 2015;12(4):227.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1857_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rageth CJ, O\u2019Flynn EA, Comstock C, Kurtz C, Kubik R, Madjar H, Lepori D, Kampmann G, Mundinger A, Baege A et al. First International Consensus Conference on lesions of uncertain malignant potential in the breast (B3 lesions). Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2016:1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-016-3935-4"},{"key":"1857_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dieci MV, Radosevic-Robin N, Fineberg S, Van den Eynden G, Ternes N, Penault-Llorca F, Pruneri G, D\u2019Alfonso TM, Demaria S, Castaneda C. Update on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer, including recommendations to assess TILs in residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy and in carcinoma in situ: a report of the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group on breast Cancer. Seminars in cancer biology: 2018. Elsevier; 2018. pp. 16\u201325.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2017.10.003"},{"issue":"5","key":"1857_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-015-1391-y","volume":"18","author":"X Yu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu X, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wu P, Qiu F, Huang J. Prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Oncol. 2016;18(5):497\u2013506.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1857_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"djw192","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw192","volume":"109","author":"RD Bense","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bense RD, Sotiriou C, Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Haanen JBAG, van Vugt MATM, de Vries EGE, Schr\u00f6der CP, Fehrmann RSN. Relevance of Tumor-infiltrating Immune Cell composition and functionality for disease outcome in breast Cancer. JNCI: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017;109(1):djw192\u2013192.","journal-title":"JNCI: J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1857_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendry S, Pang J-MB, Byrne DJ, Lakhani SR, Cummings MC, Campbell IG, Mann GB, Gorringe KL, Fox SB. Relationship of the breast ductal carcinoma in situ immune microenvironment with clinicopathological and genetic features. Clin Cancer Res 2017.","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0743"},{"issue":"2","key":"1857_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdw623","volume":"28","author":"G Pruneri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pruneri G, Lazzeroni M, Bagnardi V, Tiburzio G, Rotmensz N, DeCensi A, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Vingiani A, Curigliano G, Zurrida S. The prevalence and clinical relevance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Ann Oncol. 2016;28(2):321\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1857_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-021-01395-x","volume":"23","author":"TE Rohan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rohan TE, Arthur R, Wang Y, Weinmann S, Ginsberg M, Loi S, Salgado R. Infiltrating immune cells in benign breast disease and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2021;23(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1857_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14539","volume":"80","author":"T Khoury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khoury T, Quinn M, Tian W, Yan L, Zhan H. Touching tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) correlate with upgrading to high-grade DCIS. Histopathology. 2022;80(2):291\u2013303.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1857_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000162","volume":"24","author":"S Hendry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hendry S, Salgado R, Gevaert T, Russell PA, John T, Thapa B, Christie M, Van De Vijver K, Estrada M, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI. Assessing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in solid tumors: a practical review for pathologists and proposal for a standardized method from the International Immunooncology Biomarkers Working Group Part 1 assessing the Host Immune Response, TILs in invasive breast carcinoma and Ductal Carcinoma in situ, metastatic Tumor deposits and areas for further research. Adv Anat Pathol. 2017;24(5):235\u201351.","journal-title":"Adv Anat Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1857_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5262","volume":"248","author":"T Kader","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kader T, Hill P, Zethoven M, Goode DL, Elder K, Thio N, Doyle M, Semple T, Sufyan W, Byrne DJ, et al. Atypical ductal hyperplasia is a multipotent precursor of breast carcinoma. J Pathol. 2019;248(3):326\u201338.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1857_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41523-020-0150-6","volume":"6","author":"T Kader","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kader T, Elder K, Zethoven M, Semple T, Hill P, Goode DL, Thio N, Cheasley D, Rowley SM, Byrne DJ, et al. The genetic architecture of breast papillary lesions as a predictor of progression to carcinoma. npj Breast Cancer. 2020;6(1):9.","journal-title":"npj Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1857_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-021-01395-x","volume":"23","author":"TE Rohan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rohan TE, Arthur R, Wang Y, Weinmann S, Ginsberg M, Loi S, Salgado R. Infiltrating immune cells in benign breast disease and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2021;23(1):15.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1857_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960229)15:4<361::AID-SIM168>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"15","author":"FE Harrell Jr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Harrell FE Jr., Lee KL, Mark DB. Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med. 1996;15(4):361\u201387.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1857_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu140","volume":"180","author":"GC Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith GC, Seaman SR, Wood AM, Royston P, White IR. Correcting for optimistic prediction in small data sets. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180(3):318\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1857_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-5073(82)90237-9","volume":"30","author":"JF Yates","year":"1982","unstructured":"Yates JF. External correspondence: decompositions of the mean probability score. Organizational Behav Hum Perform. 1982;30(1):132\u201356.","journal-title":"Organizational Behav Hum Perform"},{"key":"1857_CR30","unstructured":"RCoreTeam: R. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. In. Edited by Computing RFfS. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2023."},{"key":"1857_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendry S, Salgado R, Gevaert T, Russell PA, John T, Thapa B, Christie M, van de Vijver K, Estrada MV, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Proposal for a Standardized Method From the International Immunooncology Biomarkers Working Group. Assessing Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Solid Tumors: A Practical Review for Pathologists and : Part 1: Assessing the Host Immune Response, TILs in Invasive Breast Carcinoma and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Metastatic Tumor Deposits and Areas for Further Research. Adv Anat Pathol 2017, 24(5):235\u2013251.","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000162"},{"issue":"18","key":"1857_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.9480","volume":"36","author":"AC Degnim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Degnim AC, Winham SJ, Frank RD, Pankratz VS, Dupont WD, Vierkant RA, Frost MH, Hoskin TL, Vachon CM, Ghosh K. Model for Predicting breast Cancer Risk in Women with atypical Hyperplasia. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(18):1840\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1857_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a A, Shah SS, Fazzio RT, Hoskin TL, Brahmbhatt RD, Hieken TJ, Jakub JW, Boughey JC, Visscher DW, Degnim AC. Multivariate model to identify women at low risk of cancer upgrade after a core needle biopsy diagnosis of atypical ductal hyperplasia. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017, 164(2):295\u2013304.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-017-4253-1"},{"key":"1857_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan S, Diaz A, Archer KJ, Lehman RR, Mullins T, Cardenosa G, Bear HD. Papillary lesions of the breast: To excise or observe? The breast journal 2017.","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.12907"},{"issue":"1","key":"1857_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13155","volume":"25","author":"ED Salagean","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salagean ED, Slodkowska E, Nofech-Mozes S, Hanna W, Parra\u2010Herran C, Lu FI. Atypical ductal hyperplasia on core needle biopsy: development of a predictive model stratifying carcinoma upgrade risk on excision. Breast J. 2019;25(1):56\u201361.","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1857_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0051","volume":"12","author":"I Poola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Poola I, Yue Q, Gillespie JW, Sullivan PS, Aguilar-Jakthong J, Rao J, Shaaban AM, Sauter ER, Ricci AJ. Breast hyperplasias, risk signature, and breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res. 2019;12(7):471\u201380.","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1857_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4622","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-020-08881-0","volume":"27","author":"DB Lustig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lustig DB, Guo M, Liu C, Warburton R, Dingee CK, Pao J-S, Kuusk U, Chen L, McKevitt EC. Development and prospective validation of a risk calculator that predicts a low risk cohort for atypical Ductal Hyperplasia Upstaging to Malignancy: evidence for a Watch and wait strategy of a high-risk lesion. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020;27(12):4622\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"1857_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia V, Elfer K, Peeters DJE, Ehinger A, Werness B, Ly A, Li X, Hanna MG, Blenman KRM, Salgado R et al. Development of training materials for pathologists to provide machine learning Validation Data of Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022, 14(10).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14102467"},{"issue":"6","key":"1857_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2021.01.021","volume":"76","author":"N Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma N, Cornford E, Cheung S, Price H, Kearins O. The impact of vacuum-assisted excision in the management of indeterminate B3 lesions in the NHS breast screening Programme in England. Clin Radiol. 2021;76(6):470. e423-470 e429.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"1857_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Degnim AC, Hoskin TL, Arshad M, Frost MH, Winham SJ, Brahmbhatt RA, Pena A, Carter JM, Stallings-Mann ML, Murphy LM et al. Alterations in the Immune Cell Composition in Premalignant breast tissue that precede breast Cancer Development. Clin Cancer Res 2017.","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2026"}],"container-title":["Breast Cancer Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13058-024-01857-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13058-024-01857-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13058-024-01857-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T13:04:40Z","timestamp":1720443880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13058-024-01857-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13058-024-01857-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-542X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-542X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (#1063092) and 2020 Priority-driven Collaborative Cancer Research Scheme and co-funded by Cancer Australia and the National Breast Cancer Foundation (#2002944). TK was supported by a University of Melbourne International Research Scholarship, Cancer Council Victoria Post-doctoral Fellowship, Peter MacCallum Foundation New Investigator Grant (2021\u20132022) and 2021 Peter MacCallum Research Early Career Development Award. KLG was supported by a Victorian Cancer Agency Mid-Career Fellowship, the Peter MacCallum Foundation and Union for International Cancer Control Yamagiwa Yoshida Memorial International Study Grant. The study was supported by the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Core Facility, the Centre for Advanced Histology and Microscopy, which is funded in part by the Australian Cancer Research Foundation.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial support"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"115"}}