{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T10:56:51Z","timestamp":1775732211535,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010583","name":"Universit\u00e4t Konstanz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010583","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol Direct"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common primary solid paediatric brain tumour. It arises in the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for equilibrium and coordination. Molecular profiling has identified four MB subgroups named Wingless (WNT), Sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3 (G3), and Group 4 (G4), each of which possesses distinct genetic backgrounds and clinical outcomes. The treatment of MB requires intensive multimodal therapy that is associated with significant long-term side effects. Despite this necessary aggressive approach, MB remains fatal in approximately 30% of patients due to tumour recurrence and\/or metastatic spread to the spinal cord. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel, less toxic and effective therapies for MB. The tumour-suppressor p53 is mutated in up to 30% of SHH-MB tumours and is associated with significantly poorer patient outcomes. Mutations in p53 have been acknowledged to confer oncogenic \u201cgain-of-function\u201d properties, including activation of the mevalonate pathway (MVP), which drives cholesterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis. MB is sensitive to inhibition of the MVP by treatment with simvastatin, leading us to hypothesise that targeting the mutant p53 (mutp53)-MVP axis could further sensitise mutp53 SHH-MB to statins. In this study, we show that silencing p53 does not alter simvastatin sensitivity in either mutp53 SHH-MB or wild-type p53 G3-MB cells. Moreover, p53 silencing had no effect in the mRNA expression of the key MVP enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (\n                    <jats:italic>HMGCR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), mevalonate kinase (\n                    <jats:italic>MVK<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), mevalonate decarboxylase (\n                    <jats:italic>MVD<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and farnesyl diphosphate synthase (\n                    <jats:italic>FDPS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Silencing p53 also failed to affect simvastatin-induced cell cycle arrest or impact the sensitivity of MB cells treated with simvastatin in combination with hypoxia, X-ray or azacitidine, an epigenetic therapy with DNA methyltransferase inhibition. Collectively, our findings indicate that MVP function is independent of p53 in MB.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-026-00765-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T15:24:23Z","timestamp":1775057063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Medulloblastoma response to mevalonate pathway inhibition is independent of p53 status"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Charley","family":"Comer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Caporali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Butera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Michod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas J.","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivano","family":"Amelio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Victoria","family":"Niklison-Chirou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"765_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2023.102510","volume":"88","author":"FM Onyije","year":"2024","unstructured":"Onyije FM, Dolatkhah R, Olsson A, Bouaoun L, Deltour I, Erdmann F, et al. Risk factors for childhood brain tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies from 1976 to 2022. Cancer Epidemiol. 2024;88:102510.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"765_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0526-y","volume":"14","author":"TC Archer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Archer TC, Mahoney EL, Pomeroy SL. Medulloblastoma: molecular classification-based personal therapeutics. Neurotherapeutics. 2017;14(2):265\u201373.","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.14791\/btrt.2022.0046","volume":"11","author":"JY Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi JY. Medulloblastoma: current perspectives and recent advances. Brain Tumor Res Treat. 2023;11(1):28\u201338.","journal-title":"Brain Tumor Res Treat"},{"key":"765_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229853","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1229853","volume":"13","author":"MP Osuna-Marco","year":"2023","unstructured":"Osuna-Marco MP, Mart\u00edn-L\u00f3pez LI, M T\u00c1, L\u00f3pez-Ibor B. Questions and answers in the management of children with medulloblastoma over the time. How did we get here? A systematic review. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1229853.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"765_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.762","volume":"6","author":"O Menyh\u00e1rt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Menyh\u00e1rt O, Gy\u0151rffy B. Principles of tumorigenesis and emerging molecular drivers of SHH-activated medulloblastomas. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2019;6(5):990\u20131005.","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"765_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.03.002","volume":"29","author":"TN Phoenix","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phoenix TN, Patmore DM, Boop S, Boulos N, Jacus MO, Patel YT, et al. Medulloblastoma genotype dictates blood brain barrier phenotype. Cancer Cell. 2016;29(4):508\u201322.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"765_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0958-8","volume":"123","author":"M Kool","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kool M, Korshunov A, Remke M, Jones DT, Schlanstein M, Northcott PA, et al. Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: an international meta-analysis of transcriptome, genetic aberrations, and clinical data of WNT, SHH, group 3, and group 4 medulloblastomas. Acta Neuropathol. 2012;123(4):473\u201384.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.27","volume":"2","author":"Y Fu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fu Y, Zou T, Shen X, Nelson PJ, Li J, Wu C, et al. Lipid metabolism in cancer progression and therapeutic strategies. Med Comm (2020), 2(1):27\u201359.","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"issue":"8","key":"765_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-025-01531-9","volume":"46","author":"C-L Dai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dai C-L, Qiu Z-Y, Wang A-Q, Yan S, Zhang L-J, Luan X. Targeting cholesterol metabolism: a promising therapy strategy for cancer. Acta Pharmacologica Sin. 2025;46(8):2093\u2013104.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacologica Sin"},{"issue":"5","key":"765_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2019.28.5.554","volume":"28","author":"U Jin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jin U, Park SJ, Park SM. Cholesterol metabolism in the brain and its association with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp Neurobiol. 2019;28(5):554\u201367.","journal-title":"Exp Neurobiol"},{"key":"765_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-811X-8-23","volume":"8","author":"M Parri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parri M, Chiarugi P. Rac and Rho GTPases in cancer cell motility control. Cell Commun Signal. 2010;8:23.","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"issue":"11","key":"765_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3151","volume":"11","author":"N Berndt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berndt N, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM. Targeting protein prenylation for cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11(11):775\u201391.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"765_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-0619","volume":"78","author":"MDM Maldonado","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maldonado MDM, Dharmawardhane S. Targeting Rac and Cdc42 GTPases in cancer. Cancer Res. 2018;78(12):3101\u201311.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"765_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114623","volume":"196","author":"MA Lasunci\u00f3n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lasunci\u00f3n MA, Mart\u00ednez-Botas J, Mart\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez C, Busto R, G\u00f3mez-Coronado D. Cell cycle dependence on the mevalonate pathway: role of cholesterol and non-sterol isoprenoids. Biochemical Pharmacol. 2022;196:114623.","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"765_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.10.008","volume":"8","author":"A Radhakrishnan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Radhakrishnan A, Goldstein JL, McDonald JG, Brown MS. Switch-like control of SREBP-2 transport triggered by small changes in ER cholesterol: a delicate balance. Cell Metab. 2008;8(6):512\u201321.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"765_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbior.2021.100839","volume":"83","author":"RM Loughran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Loughran RM, Emerling BM. Mechanistic roles of mutant p53 governing lipid metabolism. Adv Biol Regul. 2022;83:100839.","journal-title":"Adv Biol Regul"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2018.06.001","volume":"1870","author":"CF Labuschagne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Labuschagne CF, Zani F, Vousden KH. Control of metabolism by p53 - cancer and beyond. Biochim Et Biophys Acta (BBA) - Rev Cancer. 2018;1870(1):32\u201342.","journal-title":"Biochim Et Biophys Acta (BBA) - Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-024-01259-9","volume":"32","author":"A Janic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Janic A, Abad E, Amelio I. Decoding p53 tumor suppression: a crosstalk between genomic stability and epigenetic control? Cell Death Differ. 2025;32(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"5","key":"765_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111568","volume":"41","author":"E Panatta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Panatta E, Butera A, Mammarella E, Pitolli C, Mauriello A, Leist M, et al. Metabolic regulation by p53 prevents R-loop-associated genomic instability. Cell Rep. 2022;41(5):111568.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"765_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-025-01513-8","volume":"32","author":"AM Boutelle","year":"2025","unstructured":"Boutelle AM, Mabene AR, Yao D, Xu H, Wang M, Tang YJ, et al. Integrative multiomic approaches reveal ZMAT3 and p21 as conserved hubs in the p53 tumor suppression network. Cell Death Differ. 2025;32(11):1954\u201369.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"3","key":"765_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2024.06.003","volume":"35","author":"A Butera","year":"2025","unstructured":"Butera A, Amelio I. Deciphering the significance of p53 mutant proteins. Trends Cell Biol. 2025;35(3):258\u201368.","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"765_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-023-01253-7","volume":"31","author":"LD Attardi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Attardi LD, Boutelle AM. Targeting p53 gain-of-function activity in cancer therapy: a cautionary tale. Cell Death Differ. 2024;31(2):133\u201335.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"765_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitolli C, Wang Y, Mancini M, Shi Y, Melino G, Amelio I. Do mutations turn p53 into an oncogene? Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(24).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246241"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-024-03232-3","volume":"43","author":"S Caporali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caporali S, Butera A, Ruzza A, Zampieri C, Bantula M, Scharsich S, et al. Selective metabolic regulations by p53 mutant variants in pancreatic cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2024;43(1):310.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-025-00635-w","volume":"20","author":"K Cotton","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cotton K, Comer C, Caporali S, Butera A, Gurres S, Capradossi F, et al. Lipidome atlas of p53 mutant variants in pancreatic cancer. Biol Direct. 2025;20(1):51.","journal-title":"Biol Direct"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"765_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.12.017","volume":"148","author":"WA Freed-Pastor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Freed-Pastor WA, Mizuno H, Zhao X, Langer\u00f8d A, Moon SH, Rodriguez-Barrueco R, et al. Mutant p53 disrupts mammary tissue architecture via the mevalonate pathway. Cell. 2012;148(1\u20132):244\u201358.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"765_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.11.011","volume":"176","author":"SH Moon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moon SH, Huang CH, Houlihan SL, Regunath K, Freed-Pastor WA, JPt M, et al. p53 represses the mevalonate pathway to mediate tumor suppression. Cell. 2019;176(3):564\u201380 e19.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"765_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oni TE, Biffi G, Baker LA, Hao Y, Tonelli C, Somerville TDD, et al. SOAT1 promotes mevalonate pathway dependency in pancreatic cancer. J Exp Med. 2020;217(9).","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20192389"},{"issue":"11","key":"765_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3427","volume":"18","author":"A Parrales","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parrales A, Ranjan A, Iyer SV, Padhye S, Weir SJ, Roy A, et al. DNAJA1 controls the fate of misfolded mutant p53 through the mevalonate pathway. Nat Cell Biol. 2016;18(11):1233\u201343.","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"765_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-017-0026-y","volume":"25","author":"A Parrales","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parrales A, Thoenen E, Iwakuma T. The interplay between mutant p53 and the mevalonate pathway. Cell Death Differ. 2018;25(3):460\u201370.","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-017-0009-8","volume":"20","author":"E Ingallina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ingallina E, Sorrentino G, Bertolio R, Lisek K, Zannini A, Azzolin L, et al. Mechanical cues control mutant p53 stability through a mevalonate-RhoA axis. Nat Cell Biol. 2018;20(1):28\u201335.","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07829-0","volume":"16","author":"C Comer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Comer C, Cotton K, Edwards C, Dai X, Badodi S, Buccafusca R, et al. Simvastatin suppresses spinal cord metastasis of medulloblastoma at clinically significant doses. Cell Death Dis. 2025;16(1):527.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"765_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.48.5052","volume":"31","author":"N Zhukova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhukova N, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Pfaff E, Shih DJ, Martin DC, et al. Subgroup-specific prognostic implications of TP53 mutation in medulloblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(23):2927\u201335.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"765_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eibl RH, Schneemann M. Medulloblastoma: from TP53 mutations to molecular classification and liquid biopsy. Biol (Basel). 2023;12(2).","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12020267"},{"issue":"7","key":"765_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos115","volume":"14","author":"A K\u00fcnkele","year":"2012","unstructured":"K\u00fcnkele A, De Preter K, Heukamp L, Thor T, Pajtler KW, Hartmann W, et al. Pharmacological activation of the p53 pathway by nutlin-3 exerts anti-tumoral effects in medulloblastomas. Neuro Oncol. 2012;14(7):859\u201369.","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"765_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626971","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.626971","volume":"11","author":"B Guerra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guerra B, Recio C, Aranda-Tav\u00edo H, Guerra-Rodr\u00edguez M, Garc\u00eda-Castellano JM, Fern\u00e1ndez-P\u00e9rez L. The mevalonate pathway, a metabolic Target in cancer therapy. Front Oncol. 2021;11:626971.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"765_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.302349.117","volume":"31","author":"MV Niklison-Chirou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Niklison-Chirou MV, Erngren I, Engskog M, Hagl\u00f6f J, Picard D, Remke M, et al. TAp73 is a marker of glutamine addiction in medulloblastoma. Genes Dev. 2017;31(17):1738\u201353.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"10","key":"765_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00863-4","volume":"54","author":"Y Abuetabh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abuetabh Y, Wu HH, Chai C, Al Yousef H, Persad S, Sergi CM, et al. DNA damage response revisited: the p53 family and its regulators provide endless cancer therapy opportunities. Exp Mol Med. 2022;54(10):1658\u201369.","journal-title":"Exp &amp; Mol Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"765_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12820","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2667","volume":"5","author":"I Amelio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amelio I, Antonov AA, Catani MV, Massoud R, Bernassola F, Knight RA, et al. TAp73 promotes anabolism. Oncotarget. 2014;5(24):12820\u2013934.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01347-1","volume":"8","author":"H Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang H, Guo M, Wei H, Chen Y. Targeting p53 pathways: mechanisms, structures, and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):92.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"765_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21757","volume":"104","author":"V Pallottini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pallottini V, Guantario B, Martini C, Totta P, Filippi I, Carraro F, et al. Regulation of HMG-CoA reductase expression by hypoxia. J Cell Biochem. 2008;104(3):701\u201309.","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"765_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amelio I, Mancini M, Petrova V, Cairns RA, Vikhreva P, Nicolai S, et al. p53 mutants cooperate with HIF-1 in transcriptional regulation of extracellular matrix components to promote tumor progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(46):E10869\u201378.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1808314115"},{"issue":"1","key":"765_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-017-0011-9","volume":"7","author":"V Petrova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petrova V, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Amelio I. The hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Oncogenesis. 2018;7(1):10.","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"issue":"8","key":"765_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2015.04.007","volume":"40","author":"I Amelio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amelio I, Melino G. The p53 family and the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs): determinants of cancer progression. Trends Biochem Sci. 2015;40(8):425\u201334.","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"765_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato T, Issa JJ, Kropf P. DNA hypomethylating drugs in cancer therapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2017;7(5).","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a026948"},{"issue":"15","key":"765_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2021.167094","volume":"433","author":"A Butera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Butera A, Melino G, Amelio I. Epigenetic \u201cdrivers\u201d of cancer. J Mol Biol. 2021;433(15):167094.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"765_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2012-0465","volume":"18","author":"EJ Derissen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Derissen EJ, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH. Concise drug review: azacitidine and decitabine. Oncologist. 2013;18(5):619\u201324.","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"issue":"10","key":"765_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3130","volume":"11","author":"SB Baylin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baylin SB, Jones PA. A decade of exploring the cancer epigenome - biological and translational implications. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11(10):726\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"765_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2017.09.003","volume":"87","author":"J Yi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yi J, Wu J. Epigenetic regulation in medulloblastoma. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2018;87:65\u201376.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"765_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonifacio-Mundaca J, Casavilca-Zambrano S, Desterke C, Casafont \u00cd, Mata-Garrido J. Deciphering medulloblastoma: epigenetic and metabolic changes driving tumorigenesis and treatment outcomes. Biomedicines. 2025;13(8).","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13081898"},{"issue":"12","key":"765_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.190678.112","volume":"26","author":"WA Freed-Pastor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Freed-Pastor WA, Prives C. Mutant p53: one name, many proteins. Genes Dev. 2012;26(12):1268\u201386.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"765_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-2-10","volume":"2","author":"A Merve","year":"2014","unstructured":"Merve A, Dubuc AM, Zhang X, Remke M, Baxter PA, Li XN, et al. Polycomb group gene BMI1 controls invasion of medulloblastoma cells and inhibits BMP-regulated cell adhesion. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2014;2:10.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"}],"container-title":["Biology Direct"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13062-026-00765-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13062-026-00765-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13062-026-00765-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T10:01:50Z","timestamp":1775728910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13062-026-00765-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13062-026-00765-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6150","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"42"}}