{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:38:09Z","timestamp":1793378289647,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the key project of Health Commission of Jiangsu Province","award":["K2024015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2024015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol Direct"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-026-00820-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:55:02Z","timestamp":1777514102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["HucMSC-derived exosomes alleviate inflammatory bowel disease via upregulating FXR to suppress macrophage ferroptosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"820_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-023-00586-7","volume":"25","author":"S Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang S, Zhang S, Zhang C, Wang L. Effectiveness and Safety of Ustekinumab for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review. Paediatr Drugs. 2023;25(5):499\u2013513.","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00360-x","volume":"18","author":"GG Kaplan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaplan GG, Windsor JW. The four epidemiological stages in the global evolution of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(1):56\u201366.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"820_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1159\/000443135","volume":"34","author":"R Mao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mao R, Hu PJ. The Future of IBD Therapy: Where Are We and Where Should We Go Next? Dig Dis. 2016;34(1\u20132):175\u20139.","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"820_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109066","volume":"110","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, Yuan J, Kofi Wiredu Ocansey D, Lu B, Wan A, Chen X, Zhang X, Qiu W, Mao F. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells regulate lymphangiogenesis via the miR-302d-3p\/VEGFR3\/AKT axis to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022;110:109066.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"820_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5583994","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5583994","volume":"2021","author":"Z Wei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wei Z, Yuan J, Wang G, Ocansey DKW, Xu Z, Mao F. Regulatory Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on T Cell Phenotypes in Autoimmune Diseases. Stem Cells Int. 2021;2021:5583994.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-023-00311-4","volume":"43","author":"T Nagamura-Inoue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nagamura-Inoue T, Nagamura F. Umbilical cord blood and cord tissue banking as somatic stem cell resources to support medical cell modalities. Inflamm Regen. 2023;43(1):59.","journal-title":"Inflamm Regen"},{"issue":"30","key":"820_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaba6884","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba6884","volume":"6","author":"O Levy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Levy O, Kuai R, Siren EMJ, Bhere D, Milton Y, Nissar N, De Biasio M, Heinelt M, Reeve B, Abdi R, Alturki M, Fallatah M, Almalik A, Alhasan AH, Shah K, Karp JM. Shattering barriers toward clinically meaningful MSC therapies. Sci Adv. 2020;6(30):eaba6884.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"820_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021337","volume":"24","author":"SV Krylova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krylova SV, Feng D. The Machinery of Exosomes: Biogenesis, Release, and Uptake. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(2):1337.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-024-09921-1","volume":"40","author":"X Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu X, Peng J, Wang N, Ocansey DKW, Zhang X, Mao F. hucMSC-Ex alleviates inflammatory bowel disease in mice by enhancing M2-type macrophage polarization via the METTL3-Slc37a2-YTHDF1 axis. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2024;40(1):74.","journal-title":"Cell Biol Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"820_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.62347\/EXZE5413","volume":"16","author":"Z Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei Z, Tang X, Yi C, Ocansey DKW, Mao F, Mao Z. HucMSC-Ex alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by decreasing mast cell activation via the IL-33\/ST2 axis. Am J Transl Res. 2024;16(6):2727\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"820_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang J, Zhang Z, Xie H, Zhang C, Bai Y, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Effect of different bile acids on the intestine through enterohepatic circulation based on FXR. Gut Microbes. 2021;13(1):1949095.","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1949095"},{"key":"820_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111618","volume":"548","author":"JYL Chiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chiang JYL, Ferrell JM. Discovery of farnesoid X receptor and its role in bile acid metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2022;548:111618.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42702-8","volume":"14","author":"J Tschuck","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tschuck J, Theilacker L, Rothenaigner I, Wei\u00df SAI, Akdogan B, Lam VT, M\u00fcller C, Graf R, Brandner S, P\u00fctz C, Rieder T, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Vincendeau M, Zischka H, Schorpp K, Hadian K. Farnesoid X receptor activation by bile acids suppresses lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):6908.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"820_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102382","volume":"54","author":"DH Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim DH, Choi HI, Park JS, Kim CS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW. Farnesoid X receptor protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by regulating the transcription of ferroptosis-related genes. Redox Biol. 2022;54:102382.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"820_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i5.485","volume":"30","author":"CX Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu CX, Gao Y, Xu XF, Jin X, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Ding HX, Li BJ, Du FK, Li LC, Zhong MW, Zhu JK, Zhang GY. Bile acids inhibit ferroptosis sensitivity through activating farnesoid X receptor in gastric cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2024;30(5):485\u201398.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"820_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13050820","volume":"13","author":"P Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou P, Zhang S, Wang M, Zhou J. The Induction Mechanism of Ferroptosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Colorectal Cancer, and Intestinal Injury. Biomolecules. 2023;13(5):820.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"820_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330461","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1330461","volume":"15","author":"M Makuch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Makuch M, Stepanechko M, Bzowska M. The dance of macrophage death: the interplay between the inevitable and the microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1330461.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01951-x","volume":"21","author":"Z Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei Z, Hang S, Wiredu Ocansey DK, Zhang Z, Wang B, Zhang X, Mao F. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived exosome shuttling mir-129-5p attenuates inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting ferroptosis. J Nanobiotechnol. 2023;21(1):188.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"issue":"10","key":"820_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2019.08.002","volume":"21","author":"S Viswanathan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Viswanathan S, Shi Y, Galipeau J, Krampera M, Leblanc K, Martin I, Nolta J, Phinney DG, Sensebe L. Mesenchymal stem versus stromal cells: International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT\u00ae) Mesenchymal Stromal Cell committee position statement on nomenclature. Cytotherapy. 2019;21(10):1019\u201324.","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01811-6","volume":"9","author":"JS Fleishman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fleishman JS, Kumar S. Bile acid metabolism and signaling in health and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9(1):97.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"820_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0716","volume":"64","author":"A Kaur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaur A, Patankar JV, de Haan W, Ruddle P, Wijesekara N, Groen AK, Verchere CB, Singaraja RR, Hayden MR. Loss of Cyp8b1 improves glucose homeostasis by increasing GLP-1. Diabetes. 2015;64(4):1168\u201379.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"7","key":"820_CR22","first-page":"1329","volume":"83","author":"DG Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee DG, Hori S, Kohmoto O, Kitta S, Yoshida R, Tanaka Y, Shimizu H, Takahashi K, Nagura T, Uchino H, Fukiya S, Yokota A, Ishizuka S. Ingestion of difructose anhydride III partially suppresses the deconjugation and 7\u03b1-dehydroxylation of bile acids in rats fed with a cholic acid-supplemented diet. BiosciBiotechnolBiochem. 2019;83(7):1329\u201335.","journal-title":"BiosciBiotechnolBiochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449586","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2449586","volume":"17","author":"MM Thibaut","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thibaut MM, Roumain M, Piron E, Gillard J, Loriot A, Neyrinck AM, Rodriguez J, Massart I, Thissen JP, Huot JR, Pin F, Bonetto A, Delzenne NM, Muccioli GG, Bindels LB. The microbiota-derived bile acid taurodeoxycholic acid improves hepatic cholesterol levels in mice with cancer cachexia. Gut Microbes. 2025;17(1):2449586.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"9","key":"820_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.21-0021","volume":"10","author":"LT Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang LT, Liu KJ, Sytwu HK, Yen ML, Yen BL. Advances in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for immune and inflammatory diseases: Use of cell-free products and human pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2021;10(9):1288\u2013303.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03287-7","volume":"14","author":"A Lotfy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lotfy A, AboQuella NM, Wang H. Mesenchymal stromal\/stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in clinical trials. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2023;14(1):66.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"820_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.08.008","volume":"29","author":"L Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen L, Jiao T, Liu W, Luo Y, Wang J, Guo X, Tong X, Lin Z, Sun C, Wang K, He Y, Zhang Y, Xu H, Wang J, Zuo J, Ding Q, He S, Gonzalez FJ, Xie C. Hepatic cytochrome P450 8B1 and cholic acid potentiate intestinal epithelial injury in colitis by suppressing intestinal stem cell renewal. Cell Stem Cell. 2022;29(9):1366\u2013e13819.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"820_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.216580","volume":"146","author":"OI Selmin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Selmin OI, Fang C, Lyon AM, Doetschman TC, Thompson PA, Martinez JD, Smith JW, Lance PM, Romagnolo DF. Inactivation of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Reduces Bile Acid\/Farnesoid X Receptor Expression through Fxr gene CpG Methylation in Mouse Colon Tumors and Human Colon Cancer Cells. J Nutr. 2016;146(2):236\u201342.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"31","key":"820_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18975","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R115.650150","volume":"290","author":"PJ Schmidt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmidt PJ. Regulation of Iron Metabolism by Hepcidin under Conditions of Inflammation. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(31):18975\u201383.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5704","key":"820_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104742","volume":"306","author":"E Nemeth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nemeth E, Tuttle MS, Powelson J, Vaughn MB, Donovan A, Ward DM, Ganz T, Kaplan J. Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization. Science. 2004;306(5704):2090\u20133.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"820_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16010029","volume":"16","author":"D Nakai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakai D, Miyake M. Intestinal Membrane Function in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceutics. 2023;16(1):29.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"23","key":"820_CR31","first-page":"2878","volume":"141","author":"N Sukhbaatar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sukhbaatar N, Sch\u00f6ller M, Fritsch SD, Linke M, Horer S, Tr\u00e4ger M, Mazi\u0107 M, Forisch S, Gonzales K, Kahler JP, Binder C, Lassnig C, Strobl B, M\u00fcller M, Scheiber-Mojdehkar B, Gundacker C, Dabsch S, Kain R, Hengstschl\u00e4ger M, Verhelst SHL, Weiss G, Theurl I, Weichhart T. Duodenal macrophages control dietary iron absorption via local degradation of transferrin. Blood. 2023;141(23):2878\u201390.","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Biology Direct"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13062-026-00820-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13062-026-00820-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13062-026-00820-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T02:34:25Z","timestamp":1781663665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13062-026-00820-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["820"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13062-026-00820-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6150","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Relevant studies were carried out with the approval of the Ethics Committee of Zhenjiang First People\u2019s Hospital (K-20240196-Y) and the Laboratory Animal Management and Use Committee of Jiangsu University (UJS-IACUC-AP-2024030512).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"106"}}