{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T17:54:55Z","timestamp":1788198895660,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]],"date-time":"2015-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446422400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-1017-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]],"date-time":"2015-11-02T16:34:02Z","timestamp":1446482042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of multisystemic therapy pilot services in Services for Teens Engaging in Problem Sexual Behaviour (STEPS-B): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Fonagy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Baruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Byford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Seto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Wason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Greisbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Ellison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Simes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.02.007","volume":"29","author":"N Pereda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pereda N, Guilera G, Forns M, Gomez-Benito J. The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2009;29:328\u201338.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev."},{"key":"1017_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511403920","volume":"16","author":"M Stoltenborgh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stoltenborgh M, van Ijzendoorn MH, Euser EM, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. A global perspective on child sexual abuse: meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreat. 2011;16:79\u2013101.","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"1017_CR3","volume-title":"Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report","author":"HN Snyder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Snyder HN, Sickmund M. Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report. Pittsburgh: National Center for Juvenile Justice\/Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; 2006."},{"key":"1017_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20070501-07","volume":"37","author":"DP Chapman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chapman DP, Dube SR, Anda RF. Adverse childhood events as risk factors for negative mental health outcomes. Psychiatr Ann. 2007;37:359\u201364.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Ann."},{"key":"1017_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(96)80020-7","volume":"27","author":"EJ Letourneau","year":"1996","unstructured":"Letourneau EJ, Resnick HS, Kilpatrick DG, Saunders BE, Best CL. Comorbidity of sexual problems and posttraumatic stress disorder in female crime victims. Behav Ther. 1996;27:321\u201336.","journal-title":"Behav Ther."},{"key":"1017_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200201000-00015","volume":"41","author":"SM Butler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Butler SM, Seto MC. Distinguishing two types of adolescent sex offenders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41:83\u201390.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry."},{"key":"1017_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.03.003","volume":"38","author":"LE Pullman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pullman LE, Leroux EJ, Motayne G, Seto MC. Examining the developmental trajectories of adolescent sexual offenders. Child Abuse Negl. 2014;38:1249\u201358.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"1017_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320501700306","volume":"17","author":"A Wijk van","year":"2005","unstructured":"van Wijk A, Loeber R, Vermeiren R, Pardini D, Bullens R, Doreleijers T. Violent juvenile sex offenders compared with violent juvenile nonsex offenders: explorative findings from the Pittsburgh Youth Study. Sex Abuse. 2005;17:333\u201352.","journal-title":"Sex Abuse."},{"key":"1017_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-006-9058-3","volume":"35","author":"ST Ronis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ronis ST, Borduin CM. Individual, family, peer, and academic characteristics of male juvenile sexual offenders. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2007;35:153\u201363.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019700","volume":"136","author":"MC Seto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seto MC, Lalumiere ML. What is so special about male adolescent sexual offending? A review and test of explanations through meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2010;136:526\u201375.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"1017_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320401600304","volume":"16","author":"IA Nisbet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nisbet IA, Wilson PH, Smallbone SW. A prospective longitudinal study of sexual recidivism among adolescent sex offenders. Sex Abuse. 2004;16:223\u201334.","journal-title":"Sex Abuse."},{"key":"1017_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320501700305","volume":"17","author":"D Waite","year":"2005","unstructured":"Waite D, Keller A, McGarvey EL, Wieckowski E, Pinkerton R, Brown GL. Juvenile sex offender re-arrest rates for sexual, violent nonsexual and property crimes: a 10-year follow-up. Sex Abuse. 2005;17:313\u201331.","journal-title":"Sex Abuse."},{"key":"1017_CR13","first-page":"372","volume-title":"Juveniles and Children who Sexually Abuse: Frameworks for Assessment","author":"JR Worling","year":"2001","unstructured":"Worling JR, Curwen T. Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offense Recidivism (Version 2.0: The \u201cERASOR\u201d). In: Calder MC, editor. Juveniles and Children who Sexually Abuse: Frameworks for Assessment. Lyme Regis: Russell House; 2001. p. 372\u201397."},{"key":"1017_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063209338491","volume":"21","author":"RJ Clift","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clift RJ, Rajlic G, Gretton HM. Discriminative and predictive validity of the penile plethysmograph in adolescent sex offenders. Sex Abuse. 2009;21:335\u201362.","journal-title":"Sex Abuse."},{"key":"1017_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1177\/088626000015008005","volume":"15","author":"N Langstrom","year":"2000","unstructured":"Langstrom N, Grann M. Risk for criminal recidivism among young sex offenders. J Interpers Violence. 2000;15:855\u201371.","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence."},{"key":"1017_CR16","volume-title":"Annual Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers; 29 September-3 October; Dallas","author":"ME Rice","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rice ME, Harris GT. Adolescent sex offenders: is phallometry developed for adult sex offenders valid for adolescents? In: Annual Conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers; 29 September-3 October; Dallas. 2009."},{"key":"1017_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f4630","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f4630","volume":"347","author":"N Langstrom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Langstrom N, Enebrink P, Lauren EM, Lindblom J, Werko S, Hanson RK. Preventing sexual abusers of children from reoffending: systematic review of medical and psychological interventions. BMJ. 2013;347:f4630.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"1017_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013035","volume":"77","author":"CM Borduin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Borduin CM, Schaeffer CM, Heiblum N. A randomized clinical trial of multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders: effects on youth social ecology and criminal activity. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009;77:26\u201337.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854809338545","volume":"36","author":"RK Hanson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hanson RK, Bourgon G, Helmus L, Hodgson S. The principles of effective correctional treatment also apply to sexual offenders: a meta-analysis. Crim Justice Behav. 2009;36:865\u201391.","journal-title":"Crim Justice Behav."},{"key":"1017_CR20","volume-title":"The Psychology of Criminal Conduct","author":"DA Andrews","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andrews DA, Bonta J. The Psychology of Criminal Conduct. 5th ed. New York: Elsevier; 2010.","edition":"5"},{"key":"1017_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.2.348","volume":"66","author":"RK Hanson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hanson RK, Bussi\u00e8re MT. Predicting relapse: a meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998;66:348\u201362.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR22","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Handbook of Forensic Mental Health with Victims and Offenders: Assessment, Treatment, and Research","author":"SW Henggeler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Henggeler SW, Sheidow AJ, Lee T. Multisystemic treatment of serious clinical problems in youths and their families. In: Roberts AR, Springer DW, editors. Handbook of Forensic Mental Health with Victims and Offenders: Assessment, Treatment, and Research. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 315\u201345."},{"key":"1017_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-3588.2004.00085.x","volume":"9","author":"T Ogden","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ogden T, Halliday-Boykins CA. Multisystemic treatment of antisocial adolescents in Norway: replication of clinical outcomes outside of the US. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2004;9:77\u201383.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health."},{"key":"1017_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2009.06.006","volume":"32","author":"T Ogden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ogden T, Amlund HK. What works for whom? Gender differences in intake characteristics and treatment outcomes following Multisystemic Therapy. J Adolesc. 2009;32:1425\u201335.","journal-title":"J Adolesc."},{"key":"1017_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.09.017","volume":"50","author":"S Butler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Butler S, Baruch G, Hickey N, Fonagy P. A randomized controlled trial of multisystemic therapy and a statutory therapeutic intervention for young offenders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50:1220\u201335. e1222.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1017_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012790","volume":"22","author":"K Sundell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sundell K, Hansson K, Lofholm CA, Olsson T, Gustle LH, Kadesjo C. The transportability of multisystemic therapy to Sweden: short-term results from a randomized trial of conduct-disordered youths. J Fam Psychol. 2008;22:550\u201360.","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR27","volume-title":"Seeking effective interventions for serious young offenders: Interim results of a four-year randomized study of multisystemic therapy in Ontario, Canada","author":"AW Leschied","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leschied AW, Cunningham A. Seeking effective interventions for serious young offenders: Interim results of a four-year randomized study of multisystemic therapy in Ontario, Canada. London, Ontario: Centre for Children and Families in the Justice System; 2002."},{"key":"1017_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-265","volume":"14","author":"P Fonagy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fonagy P, Butler S, Goodyer I, Cottrell D, Scott S, Pilling S, et al. Evaluation of multisystemic therapy pilot services in the Systemic Therapy for At Risk Teens (START) trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2013;14:265.","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"1017_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559508316043","volume":"13","author":"M Tarren-Sweeney","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tarren-Sweeney M. Predictors of problematic sexual behavior among children with complex maltreatment histories. Child Maltreat. 2008;13:182\u201398.","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"1017_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320201400207","volume":"14","author":"RK Hanson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hanson RK, Gordon A, Harris AJR, Marques JK, Murphy W, Quinsey VL, et al. First report of the collaborative outcome data project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sex offenders. Sex Abuse. 2002;14:169\u201394.","journal-title":"Sex Abuse."},{"key":"1017_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320601800407","volume":"18","author":"LR Reitzel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reitzel LR, Carbonell JL. The effectiveness of sexual offender treatment for juveniles as measured by recidivism: a meta-analysis. Sex Abuse. 2006;18:401\u201321.","journal-title":"Sex Abuse."},{"key":"1017_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014352","volume":"23","author":"EJ Letourneau","year":"2009","unstructured":"Letourneau EJ, Henggeler SW, Borduin CM, Schewe PA, McCart MR, Chapman JE, et al. Multisystemic therapy for juvenile sexual offenders: 1-year results from a randomized effectiveness trial. J Fam Psychol. 2009;23:89\u2013102.","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.18.3.411","volume":"18","author":"NM Curtis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Curtis NM, Ronan KR, Borduin CM. Multisystemic treatment: A meta-analysis of outcome studies. J Fam Psychol. 2004;18:411\u20139.","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2005.07.002","volume":"28","author":"JH Littell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Littell JH. The case for Multisystemic Therapy: evidence or orthodoxy? Child Youth Serv Rev. 2006;28:458\u201372.","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev."},{"key":"1017_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Littell JH, Popa M, Forsythe B. Multisystemic Therapy for social, emotional, and behavioral problems in youth aged 10\u201317. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005:CD004797.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004797.pub4"},{"key":"1017_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.65.3.366","volume":"65","author":"PC Kendall","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kendall PC, Flannery-Schroeder E, Panichelli-Mindel SM, Southam-Gerow M, Henin A, Warman M. Therapy for youths with anxiety disorders: A second randomized clinical trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997;65:366\u201380.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804633","volume":"359","author":"JT Walkup","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walkup JT, Albano AM, Piacentini J, Birmaher B, Compton SN, Sherrill JT, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2753\u201366.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"1017_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2009.11.1\/jacohen","volume":"11","author":"JA Cohen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cohen JA, Scheeringa MS. Post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis in children: challenges and promises. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2009;11:91\u20139.","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"1017_CR39","volume-title":"Services for Young People Who Sexually Abuse. A report on mapping and exploring services for young people who have sexually abused others","author":"S Hackett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hackett S, Masson H, Phillips S. Services for Young People Who Sexually Abuse. A report on mapping and exploring services for young people who have sexually abused others. London: Youth Justice Board for England and Wales; 2005."},{"key":"1017_CR40","volume-title":"Treatment manual for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders and their families","author":"CM Borduin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Borduin CM, Letourneau EJ, Henggeler SW, Saldana L, Swenson CC. Treatment manual for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders and their families. Charleston, SC: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina; 2005."},{"key":"1017_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2165\/00148581-200406020-00002","volume":"6","author":"P Gerardin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gerardin P, Thibaut F. Epidemiology and treatment of juvenile sexual offending. Paediatr Drugs. 2004;6:79\u201391.","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs."},{"key":"1017_CR42","volume-title":"An American Travesty: Legal Responses to Adolescent Sexual Offending","author":"FE Zimring","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zimring FE. An American Travesty: Legal Responses to Adolescent Sexual Offending. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2009."},{"key":"1017_CR43","volume-title":"Annual Report 2013\u201314","author":"HM Inspectorate of Probation","year":"2013","unstructured":"HM Inspectorate of Probation. Annual Report 2013\u201314. Manchester: HM Inspectorate of Probation; 2013."},{"key":"1017_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(96)00029-4","volume":"20","author":"AC James","year":"1996","unstructured":"James AC, Neil P. Juvenile sexual offending: one-year period prevalence study within Oxfordshire. Child Abuse Negl. 1996;20:477\u201385.","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"1017_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320601800404","volume":"18","author":"C Kjellgren","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kjellgren C, Wassberg A, Carlberg M, Langstrom N, Svedin CG. Adolescent sexual offenders: a total survey of referrals to Social Services in Sweden and subgroup characteristics. Sex Abuse. 2006;18:357\u201372.","journal-title":"Sex Abuse."},{"key":"1017_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013971","volume":"77","author":"SW Henggeler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Henggeler SW, Letourneau EJ, Chapman JE, Borduin CM, Schewe PA, McCart MR. Mediators of change for multisystemic therapy with juvenile sexual offenders. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009;77:451\u201362.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.73.6.1154","volume":"73","author":"RK Hanson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hanson RK, Morton-Bourgon KE. The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: a meta-analysis of recidivism studies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73:1154\u201363.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leroux EJ, Pullman LE, Motayne G, Seto MC: Victim age and the generalist versus specialist distinction in adolescent sexual offending. Sex Abuse 2014.","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063214535814"},{"key":"1017_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.3.451","volume":"68","author":"SJ Huey Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Huey Jr SJ, Henggeler SW, Brondino MJ, Pickrel SG. Mechanisms of change in multisystemic therapy: reducing delinquent behavior through therapist adherence and improved family and peer functioning. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68:451\u201367.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR50","first-page":"538","volume-title":"Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents","author":"SK Schoenwald","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schoenwald SK. From policy pinball to purposeful partnership: The policy contexts of multisystemic therapy transport and dissemination. In: Kazdin AE, Weisz JR, editors. Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents. New York: Guilford Press; 2010. p. 538\u201353."},{"key":"1017_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.58.3.336","volume":"58","author":"BJ Mann","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mann BJ, Borduin CM, Henggeler SW, Blaske DM. An investigation of systemic conceptualizations of parent\u2013child coalitions and symptom change. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1990;58:336\u201344.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.22.1.132","volume":"22","author":"SW Henggeler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Henggeler SW, Rodick J, Borduin CM, Hanson C, Watson S, Urey J. Multisystemic treatment of juvenile offenders: Effects on adolescent behavior and family interaction. Dev Psychol. 1986;22:132\u201341.","journal-title":"Dev Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022658222914","volume":"27","author":"R Goodman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Goodman R. Comparing the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist: Is small beautiful? J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1999;27:17\u201324.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR54","first-page":"251","volume":"5","author":"SC Messer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Messer SC, Angold A, Costello EJ, Loeber R, van Kammen W, Stouthamer-Loeber M. Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents: Factor composition and structure across development. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 1995;5:251\u201362.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"1017_CR55","volume-title":"Conners\u2019 Rating Scales-Revised: Technical Manual","author":"CK Conners","year":"1995","unstructured":"Conners CK. Conners\u2019 Rating Scales-Revised: Technical Manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems; 1995."},{"key":"1017_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063209333133","volume":"21","author":"AS Grabell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grabell AS, Knight RA. Examining childhood abuse patterns and sensitive periods in juvenile sexual offenders. Sex Abuse. 2009;21:208\u201322.","journal-title":"Sex Abuse."},{"key":"1017_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559504266907","volume":"9","author":"WN Friedrich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Friedrich WN, Lysne M, Sim L, Shamos S. Assessing sexual behavior in high-risk adolescents with the adolescent clinical sexual behavior inventory (ACSBI). Child Maltreat. 2004;9:239\u201350.","journal-title":"Child Maltreat."},{"key":"1017_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/43.1.169","volume":"43","author":"DJ Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smith DJ, McVie S. Theory and method in the Edinburgh study of youth transitions and crime. Br J Criminol. 2003;43:169\u201395.","journal-title":"Br J Criminol."},{"key":"1017_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-007-9178-2","volume":"36","author":"SM Butler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Butler SM, Leschied AW, Fearon P. Antisocial beliefs and attitudes in pre-adolescent and adolescent youth: the development of the antisocial beliefs and attitudes scales (ABAS). J Youth Adolesc. 2007;36:1058\u201371.","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc."},{"key":"1017_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191106287354","volume":"13","author":"CA Essau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Essau CA, Sasagawa S, Frick PJ. Callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of adolescents. Assessment. 2006;13:454\u201369.","journal-title":"Assessment."},{"key":"1017_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-0606.2009.00175.x","volume":"37","author":"D Olson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olson D. FACES IV, and the Circumplex Model: Validation study. J Marital Fam Ther. 2011;37:64\u201380.","journal-title":"J Marital Fam Ther."},{"key":"1017_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.433","volume":"12","author":"E Gullone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gullone E, Robinson K. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment\u2013Revised (IPPA-R) for children: a psychometric investigation. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2005;12:67\u201379.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother."},{"key":"1017_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2307\/1143789","volume":"82","author":"R Loeber","year":"1991","unstructured":"Loeber R, Stouthamer-Loeber M, Van Kammen W, Farrington DP. Initiation, escalation and desistance in juvenile offending and their correlates. J Crim Law Criminol. 1991;82:36\u201382.","journal-title":"J Crim Law Criminol"},{"key":"1017_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.19.5.507.63686","volume":"19","author":"MA Straus","year":"2004","unstructured":"Straus MA, Douglas EM. A short form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, and typologies for severity and mutuality. Violence Vict. 2004;19:507\u201320.","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"key":"1017_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004242","volume":"27","author":"DP Goldberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goldberg DP, Gater R, Sartorius N, Ustun TB, Piccinelli M, Gureje O, et al. The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care. Psychol Med. 1997;27:191\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"1017_CR66","volume-title":"Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Manual","author":"D Wechsler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wechsler D. Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence Manual. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation; 1999."},{"key":"1017_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2000.tb02345.x","volume":"41","author":"R Goodman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goodman R, Ford T, Richards H, Gatward R, Meltzer H. The Development and Well-Being Assessment: description and initial validation of an integrated assessment of child and adolescent psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2000;41:645\u201355.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry."},{"key":"1017_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.44.4.939","volume":"44","author":"Y Shmueli-Goetz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shmueli-Goetz Y, Target M, Fonagy P, Datta A. The Child Attachment Interview: a psychometric study of reliability and discriminant validity. Dev Psychol. 2008;44:939\u201356.","journal-title":"Dev Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027120","volume":"26","author":"A Tighe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tighe A, Pistrang N, Casdagli L, Baruch G, Butler S. Multisystemic therapy for young offenders: families\u2019 experiences of therapeutic processes and outcomes. J Fam Psychol. 2012;26:187\u201397.","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol."},{"key":"1017_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.010108","volume":"188","author":"B Barrett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barrett B, Byford S, Chitsabesan P, Kenning C. Mental health provision for young offenders: service use and cost. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;188:541\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"1017_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.038984","volume":"191","author":"S Byford","year":"2007","unstructured":"Byford S, Barrett B, Roberts C, Wilkinson P, Dubicka B, Kelvin RG, et al. Cost-effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and routine specialist care with and without cognitive behavioural therapy in adolescents with major depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2007;191:521\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"1017_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-3588.2005.00349.x","volume":"10","author":"A Clark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clark A, O\u2019Malley A, Woodham A, Barrett B, Byford S. Children with complex mental health problems: needs, costs and predictors over one year. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2005;10:170\u20138.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health."},{"key":"1017_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7268.1047","volume":"321","author":"R Harrington","year":"2000","unstructured":"Harrington R, Peters S, Green J, Byford S, Woods J, McGowan R. Randomised comparison of the effectiveness and costs of community and hospital based mental health services for children with behavioural disorders. BMJ. 2000;321:1047\u201350.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"1017_CR74","volume-title":"Measuring Mental Health Needs","author":"JK Beecham","year":"1992","unstructured":"Beecham JK, Knapp MRJ. Costing psychiatric options. In: Thornicroft G, Brewin C, Wing J, editors. Measuring Mental Health Needs. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992."},{"key":"1017_CR75","volume-title":"Methods for the Evaluation of Health Care Programmes","author":"MF Drummond","year":"1997","unstructured":"Drummond MF, O\u2019Brien B, Stoddart GL. Methods for the Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997."},{"key":"1017_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/1067828X.2012.636684","volume":"21","author":"SK Schoenwald","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schoenwald SK, Chapman JE, Henry DB, Sheidow AJ. Taking effective treatments to scale: organizational effects on outcomes of multisystemic therapy for youth with co-occurring substance use. J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse. 2012;21:1\u201331.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse."},{"key":"1017_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38773.518322.7C","volume":"332","author":"H Killaspy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Killaspy H, Bebbington P, Blizard R, Johnson S, Nolan F, Pilling S, et al. The REACT study: randomised evaluation of assertive community treatment in north London. BMJ. 2006;332:815\u201320.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"1017_CR78","first-page":"361","volume":"18","author":"I Pietkiewicz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pietkiewicz I, Smith JA. Praktyczny przewodnik interpretacyjnej analizy fenomenologicznej w badaniach jako\u015bciowych w psychologii. [A practical guide to using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in qualitative research psychology]. Czasop Psychol. 2012;18:361\u20139.","journal-title":"Czasop Psychol"},{"key":"1017_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2014.927010","volume":"20","author":"C Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith C, Allardyce S, Hackett S, Bradbury-Jones C, Lazenbatt A, Taylor J. Practice and policy in the UK with children and young people who display harmful sexual behaviours: an analysis and critical review. J Sex Aggress. 2014;20:267\u201380.","journal-title":"J Sex Aggress."},{"key":"1017_CR80","volume-title":"Future in mind: Promoting, protecting and improving our children and young people\u2019s mental health and wellbeing","author":"Children and Young People\u2019s Mental Health and Wellbeing Taskforce","year":"2015","unstructured":"Children and Young People\u2019s Mental Health and Wellbeing Taskforce. Future in mind: Promoting, protecting and improving our children and young people\u2019s mental health and wellbeing. London: Deparment of Health\/NHS England; 2015."}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-015-1017-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-015-1017-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-015-1017-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:38:37Z","timestamp":1653439117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-015-1017-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-015-1017-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]]},"article-number":"492"}}