{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:00:48Z","timestamp":1790420448402,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000664","name":"Health Technology Assessment Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12\/201\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/201\/10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-018-2677-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T07:57:56Z","timestamp":1536134276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nerve root block versus surgery (NERVES) for the treatment of radicular pain secondary to a prolapsed intervertebral disc herniation: study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Wilby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Bedson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Howlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girvan","family":"Burnside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dyfrig A.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manohar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Marson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon R.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2677_CR1","unstructured":"Low back pain and sciatica in over 16s: assessment and management NICE guideline [NG59] Published date: November 2016. \n                    www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng59"},{"issue":"22","key":"2677_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318183a4a2","volume":"33","author":"K Konstantinou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Konstantinou K, Dunn KM. Sciatica: review of epidemiological studies and prevalence estimates. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33(22):2464\u201372.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2677_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.3","volume":"6","author":"M Van Tulder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Tulder M, Peul W, Koes B. Sciatica: what the rheumatologist needs to know. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010. 2010;6(3):139\u201345.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010"},{"issue":"7657","key":"2677_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a143","volume":"336","author":"WC Peul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peul WC, et al. Prolonged conservative care versus early surgery in patients with sciatica caused by lumbar disc herniation: two year results of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2008;336(7657):1355\u20138.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2677_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614292","volume":"376","author":"S Mathieson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mathieson S, et al. Trial of pregabalin for acute and chronic sciatica. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1111\u201320.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2677_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31828ea086","volume":"38","author":"SP Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen SP, et al. Epidural steroids: a comprehensive, evidence-based review. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013;38(3):175\u2013200.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2677_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90228-3","volume":"79","author":"GE Lutz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lutz GE, Vad VB, Wisneski RJ. Fluoroscopic transforaminal lumbar epidural steroids: an outcome study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79(11):1362\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"2677_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01213.x","volume":"12","author":"I Rados","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rados I, et al. Efficacy of interlaminar vs transforaminal epidural steroid injection for the treatment of chronic unilateral radicular pain: prospective, randomized study. Pain Med. 2011;12(9):1316\u201321.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2677_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2452062007","volume":"245","author":"HS Jeong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jeong HS, et al. Effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection by using a preganglionic approach: a prospective randomized controlled study 1. Radiology. 2007;245(2):584\u201390.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2677_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200404000-00002","volume":"86-a","author":"GR Buttermann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buttermann GR. Treatment of lumbar disc herniation: epidural steroid injection compared with discectomy. A prospective, randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-a(4):670\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"22","key":"2677_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa064039","volume":"356","author":"WC Peul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peul WC, et al. Surgery versus prolonged conservative treatment for sciatica. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(22):2245\u201356.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2677_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-00564","volume":"157","author":"RZ Pinto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pinto RZ, et al. Epidural corticosteroid injections in the management of sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157(12):865\u201377.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"33","key":"2677_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta9330","volume":"9","author":"C Price","year":"2005","unstructured":"Price C, et al. Cost-effectiveness and safety of epidural steroids in the management of sciatica. Health Technol Assess. 2005;9(33):1\u201358. iii.","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2677_CR14","unstructured":"Commissioning Spinal Services \u2013 Getting the Service Back on Track; A Guide for Commissioners of Spinal Services NHS National Spinal Taskforce Report January 2013. \n                    www.nationalspinetaskforce.co.uk\/"},{"issue":"18","key":"2677_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199809150-00018","volume":"23","author":"RA Deyo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Deyo RA, et al. Outcome measures for low back pain research. A proposal for standardized use. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998;23(18):2003\u201313.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2677_CR16","first-page":"271","volume":"66","author":"JC Fairbank","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fairbank JC, et al. The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. Physiotherapy. 1980;66(8):271\u20133.","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.1.8","volume":"82","author":"M Davidson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Davidson M, Keating JL. A comparison of five low back disability questionnaires: reliability and responsiveness. Phys Ther. 2002;82(1):8\u201324.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"2677_CR18","first-page":"691","volume":"21","author":"JP Devogelaer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Devogelaer JP, et al. Guidelines for clinical studies assessing the efficacy of drugs for the management of acute low back pain. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003;21(6):691\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-018-2677-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-018-2677-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-018-2677-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]],"date-time":"2019-09-22T14:39:34Z","timestamp":1569163174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-018-2677-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-018-2677-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study is conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, the Medicine for Human Use Regulations 2004 and Amendment Regulations 2006 and subsequent amendments, the Good Clinical Practice guidelines, and the Research Governance Framework for Health and Social Care 2005. Centralised full ethical approval was granted by the North West \u2013 Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee (reference: 14\/NW\/1219) on 8 October 2014. Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients before recruitment by a trained researcher and patients are free to withdraw at any time. All data will be kept confidential and will be anonymised for analyses.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The Patient Information Sheet and Consent Form (approved by the Research Ethics Committee) provides information that the results will be submitted for publication in a scientific journal and a final report written. Participants will not be identified in any reports or publications.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"475"}}