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In France, a global authorization relevant for all study sites has been granted by the Comit\u00e9 de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est VI, Clermont-Ferrand, France (decision # dated November 9, 2017) and by the competent authority (Agence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 du M\u00e9dicament et des produits de sant\u00e9) on June 32,017. In Germany, the study has been approved by the central Ethics Committee RWTH Aachen (August 14, 2017), which is relevant for each participating center and the competent authority (Bundesinstitut fur Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) on September 1, 2017. Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients participating in the study, as a mandatory prerequisite to inclusion.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"DE reports personal fees from Lungpacer Medical Inc. during the conduct of the study and outside the submitted work. In addition, DE has multiple related patents issued and pending. DS reports personal fees from Lungpacer Medical Inc. during the conduct of the study. LC reports fees from Lungpacer Medical Inc. during the conduct of the study and other competing interests from Lungpacer Medical Inc. outside the submitted work. GJC reports grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Respironics, MedImmune, Actelion, Forest, Pearl, Ikaria, Aeris, PneumRx, and Pulmonx and other support from HGE Health Care Solutions, LLC, Almirall, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Holaira, all outside the submitted work. MD reports personal fees and non-financial support from Lungpacer Medical Inc. during the conduct of the study and personal fees and non-financial support from Pulsion Medical Systems outside the submitted work. MGA reports personal fees from Lungpacer Medical Inc. during the conduct of the study and grants and personal fees from Dr\u00e4ger Medical AG, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), and GE Healthcare outside the submitted work. DMD reports other support as well as research funding and consulting fees from Lungpacer Medical Inc. during the conduct of the study. BJP reports personal fees from Lungpacer Medical Inc. during the conduct of the study. TN reports personal fees from Lungpacer Medical Inc. during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Lungpacer Medical Inc. outside the submitted work. TS reports personal fees from Lungpacer Medical Inc. during the conduct of the study and personal fees from AstraZeneca France, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim France, personal fees from GSK France, personal fees and non-financial support from Novartis France, personal fees from TEVA France, personal fees from Chiesi, personal fees from Pierre Fabre M\u00e9dicament, and personal fees from Invacare France, outside the submitted work. In the domain of therapeutic phrenic stimulation, TS received honoraria from Synapse Biomedical to translate the DPS\/NeurRx4 user\u2019s manual from English to French in 2007, and from 2012 to 2016, Synapse Biomedical contributed to a fundraiser organized by TS to promote respiratory research. TS advised Synapse Biomedical about clinical protocols but did not receive any honoraria from this company. TS currently collaborates with another diaphragm pacing company (Neuroresp\/Atrotech) in an advisory capacity, here also without any honoraria or any non-financial support. FL declares that he has no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"60"}}