{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T06:59:33Z","timestamp":1775631573211,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012774","name":"Innovationsfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6150-00004B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6150-00004B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3367-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T05:17:44Z","timestamp":1558502264000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["FortiColos \u2013 a multicentre study using bovine colostrum as a fortifier to human milk in very preterm infants: study protocol for a randomised controlled pilot trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Agnethe M.","family":"Ahnfeldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Hyldig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne Soendergaard","family":"Kappel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Aunsholdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per T.","family":"Sangild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4440-2362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gitte","family":"Zachariassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3367_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1368","volume":"117","author":"RA Ehrenkranz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ehrenkranz RA, Dusick AM, Vohr BR, Wright LL, Wrage LA, Poole WK. Growth in the neonatal intensive care unit influences neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2006;117:1253\u201361.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"3367_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0211","volume":"123","author":"BE Stephens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stephens BE, Walden RV, Gargus RA, Tucker R, Mance M, Nye J, et al. First-week protein and energy intakes are associated with 18-month developmental outcomes in extremely low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2009;123:1337\u201343.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"3367_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13128","volume":"104","author":"KK Ong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ong KK, Kennedy K, Casta\u00f1eda Guti\u00e9rrez E, Forsyth S, Godfrey K, Koletzko B, et al. Postnatal growth in preterm infants and later health outcomes: a systematic review. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104:974\u201386.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"3367_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.160614","volume":"95","author":"MD Odberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Odberg MD, Sommerfelt K, Markestad T, Elgen IB. Growth and somatic health until adulthood of low birthweight children. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95:201\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"3367_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12895-4","volume":"361","author":"A Singhal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singhal A, Fewtrell M, Cole TJ, Lucas A. Low nutrient intake and early growth for later insulin resistance in adolescents born preterm. Lancet. 2003;361:1089\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3367_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brown JV, Embleton ND, Harding JE, Mcguire W. Multi-nutrient fortification of human milk for preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(5):CD000343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000343.pub3 .","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000343.pub3"},{"key":"3367_CR7","first-page":"CD001241","volume":"10","author":"J Morgan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morgan J, Young L, McGuire W. Slow advancement of enteral feed volumes to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;10:CD001241.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"3367_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.529","volume":"111","author":"CL Berseth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Berseth CL, Bisquera JA, Paje VU. Prolonging small feeding volumes early in life decreases the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics. 2003;111:529\u201334.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"key":"3367_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.048","volume":"162","author":"A Lapillonne","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lapillonne A, Griffin IJ. Feeding preterm infants today for later metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes. J Pediatr. 2013;162:7\u201316.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"3367_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy015","volume":"107","author":"LH Toftlund","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toftlund LH, Halken S, Agertoft L, Zachariassen G. Early nutrition and signs of metabolic syndrome at 6 y of age in children born very preterm. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;107:717\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"3367_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.01.008","volume":"87","author":"P Manzoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manzoni P, Rizzollo S, Decembrino L, Ruffinazzi G, Rossi Ricci A, Gallo E, et al. Recent advances in prevention of sepsis in the premature neonates in NICU. Early Hum Dev. 2011;87:31\u20133.","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"3367_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-303582","volume":"98","author":"G Menon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Menon G, Williams TC. Human milk for preterm infants: why, what, when and how? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013;98:559\u201362.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"3367_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181adaee0","volume":"50","author":"C Agostoni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agostoni C, Buonocore G, Carnielli VP, De Curtis M, Darmaun D, Decsi T, et al. Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;50:85\u201391.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"3367_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1159\/000323381","volume":"58","author":"EE Ziegler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ziegler EE. Meeting the nutritional needs of the low-birth-weight infant. Ann Nutr Metab. 2011;58:8\u201318.","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"3367_CR15","first-page":"2","volume":"60","author":"G Zachariassen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zachariassen G, Fenger-Gron J, Hviid MV, Halken S. The content of macronutrients in milk from mothers of very preterm infants is highly variable. Dan Med J. 2013;60:2\u20136.","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"key":"3367_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuschel C, Harding J. Multicomponent fortified human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD000343.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000343.pub2"},{"key":"3367_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000365808","volume":"81","author":"K Simmer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simmer K. Human milk fortification. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2015;81:111\u201321.","journal-title":"Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser"},{"key":"3367_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1038440","volume":"18","author":"PJ Hammond","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hammond PJ, Flett ME, De La Hunt M. Fulminant necrotising enterocolitis immediately following change to low birth weight formula feeds. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2008;18:185\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"3367_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2016.11.011","volume":"44","author":"FB Mimouni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mimouni FB, Nathan N, Ziegler EE, Lubetzky R, Mandel D. The use of multinutrient human milk fortifiers in preterm infants: a systematic review of unanswered questions. Clin Perinatol. 2017;44:173\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3367_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.10.040","volume":"156","author":"S Sullivan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sullivan S, Schanler RJ, Kim JH, Patel AL, Traw\u00f6ger R, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, et al. An exclusively human milk-based diet is associated with a lower rate of necrotizing enterocolitis than a diet of human milk and bovine milk-based products. J Pediatr. 2010;156(4):562\u20137.e1.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"3367_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.011","volume":"163","author":"EA Cristofalo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cristofalo EA, Schanler RJ, Blanco CL, Sullivan S, Trawoeger R, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, et al. Randomized trial of exclusive human milk versus preterm formula diets in extremely premature infants. J Pediatr. 2013;163:1592\u20135.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"3367_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2015.0166","volume":"11","author":"AB Hair","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hair AB, Bergner EM, Lee ML, Moreira AG, Hawthorne KM, Rechtman DJ, et al. Premature infants 750\u20131,250 g birth weight supplemented with a novel human milk-derived cream are discharged sooner. Breastfeed Med. 2016;11:133\u20137.","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"key":"3367_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2011.0002","volume":"7","author":"V Ganapathy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ganapathy V, Hay JW, Kim JH. Costs of necrotizing enterocolitis and cost-effectiveness of exclusively human milk-based products in feeding extremely premature infants. Breastfeed Med. 2012;7:29\u201337.","journal-title":"Breastfeed Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3367_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy067","volume":"108","author":"DL O\u2019Connor","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor DL, Kiss A, Tomlinson C, Bando N, Bayliss A, MCampbell D, et al. Nutrient enrichment of human milk with human and bovine milk-based fortifiers for infants born weighing <1250 g: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(1):108\u201316.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"3367_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-017-0308-8","volume":"17","author":"A Coscia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coscia A, Bertino E, Tonetto P, Peila C, Cresi F, Arslanoglu S, et al. Nutritional adequacy of a novel human milk fortifier from donkey milk in feeding preterm infants: study protocol of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Nutr J. 2018;17:6.","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"3367_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/87559120600694606","volume":"22","author":"V Tripathi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tripathi V, Vashishtha B. Bioactive compounds of colostrum and its application. Food Rev Int. 2006;22:225\u201344.","journal-title":"Food Rev Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"3367_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1422","volume":"43","author":"J Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun J, Li Y, Pan X, Nguyen DN, Brunse A, Bojesen AM, et al. Human milk fortification with bovine colostrum is superior to formula-based fortifiers to prevent gut dysfunction, necrotizing enterocolitis, and systemic infection in preterm pigs. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2019;43(2):252\u201362.","journal-title":"J Parenter Enter Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3367_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxx033","volume":"148","author":"J Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun J, Li Y, Nguyen DN, Mortensen MS, van den Akker CHP, Skeath T, et al. Nutrient fortification of human donor milk affects intestinal function and protein metabolism in preterm pigs. J Nutr. 2018;148(3):336\u201347.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"3367_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00163.2015","volume":"309","author":"RL Shen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shen RL, Thymann T, \u00d8stergaard MV, St\u00f8y ACF, Krych \u0141, Nielsen DS, et al. Early gradual feeding with bovine colostrum improves gut function and NEC resistance relative to infant formula in preterm pigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2015;309:310\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"3367_CR30","first-page":"42","volume":"5","author":"Y Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Y, Juhl SM, Ye X, Shen RL, Iyore EO, Dai Y, et al. A stepwise, pilot study of bovine colostrum to supplement the first enteral feeding in preterm infants (Precolos): study protocol and initial results. Front Pediatr. 2017;5:42.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"3367_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001774","volume":"66","author":"SM Juhl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Juhl SM, Ye X, Zhou P, Li Y, Iyore EO, Zhang L, et al. Bovine colostrum for preterm infants in the first days of life. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;66:471\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"3367_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-19","volume":"8","author":"AM Abd El-Fattah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abd El-Fattah AM, Abd Rabo FHR, EL-Dieb SM, El-Kashef HA. Changes in composition of colostrum of Egyptian buffaloes and Holstein cows. BMC Vet Res. 2012;8:19.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"3367_CR33","first-page":"16","volume":"64","author":"HJ Korhonen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Korhonen HJ. Bioactive milk proteins and peptides: From science to functional applications. Aust J Dairy Technol. 2009;64:16\u201325.","journal-title":"Aust J Dairy Technol"},{"key":"3367_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.04.028","volume":"45","author":"DEW Chatterton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chatterton DEW, Nguyen DN, Bering SB, Sangild PT. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of bioactive milk proteins in the intestine of newborns. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2013;45:1730\u201347.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"3367_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31828393ed","volume":"56","author":"I Espinosa-Martos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Espinosa-Martos I, Montilla A, G\u00f3mez De Segura A, Escuder D, Bustos G, Pall\u00e1s C, et al. Bacteriological, biochemical, and immunological modifications in human colostrum after holder pasteurisation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56:560\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"3367_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-999-0477-2","volume":"34","author":"RG Jensen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jensen RG. Lipids in human milk. Lipids. 1999;34:1243\u201371.","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"issue":"6","key":"3367_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516003007","volume":"116","author":"C Boyce","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boyce C, Watson M, Lazidis G, Reeve S, Dods K, Simmer K. Preterm human milk composition: a systematic literature review. Br J Nutr. 2016;116(6):1033\u201345.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"3367_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.10.002","volume":"60","author":"O Ballard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ballard O, Morrow AL. Human milk composition: nutrients and bioactive factors. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60:49\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2012.10.002 .","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"3367_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2001.00338.x","volume":"48","author":"I. A. Zanker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zanker IA, Hammon HM, Blum JW. Activities\u00a0of\u00a0gamma-glutamyltransferase,\u00a0alkaline\u00a0phosphatase\u00a0and\u00a0aspartate-aminotransferase in\u00a0colostrum,\u00a0milk\u00a0and\u00a0blood\u00a0plasma\u00a0of\u00a0calves\u00a0fed\u00a0first\u00a0colostrum\u00a0at\u00a00-2,\u00a06-7,\u00a012-13\u00a0and\u00a024-25\u00a0h after\u00a0birth. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2001;48(3):179\u201385.","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A"},{"issue":"4","key":"3367_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.10.010","volume":"154","author":"N Bekkali","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bekkali N, Hamers SL, Reitsma JB, Van Toledo L, Benninga MA. Infant stool form scale: development and results. J Pediatr. 2009;154(4):521\u20136.e1.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"3367_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181a5b52a","volume":"25","author":"M van Dijk","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Dijk M, Roofthooft DWE, Anand KJS, Guldemond F, de Graaf J, Simons S, et al. Taking up the challenge of measuring prolonged pain in (premature) neonates: the COMFORTneo scale seems promising. Clin J Pain. 2009;25:607\u201316.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"3367_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap) \u2013 A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42:377\u201381.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"3367_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-8-8","volume":"8","author":"A Niklasson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Niklasson A, Albertsson-Wikland K. Continuous growth reference from 24th week of gestation to 24 months by gender. BMC Pediatr. 2008;8:8.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"3367_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-9380(87)90031-4","volume":"17","author":"RM Kliegman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kliegman RM, Walsh MC. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis, classification, and spectrum of illness. Curr Probl Pediatr. 1987;17:219\u201388.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr"},{"key":"3367_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2016.08.004","volume":"22","author":"PG Radmacher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Radmacher PG, Adamkin DH. Fortification of human milk for preterm infants. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017;22:30\u20135.","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"3367_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1159\/000209982","volume":"63","author":"S Polberger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Polberger S. New approaches to optimizing early diets. Nestle Nutr Work Ser Pediatr Progr. 2009;63:195\u2013208.","journal-title":"Nestle Nutr Work Ser Pediatr Progr"},{"key":"3367_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.138","volume":"35","author":"AS Weintraub","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weintraub AS, Blanco V, Barnes M, Green RS. Impact of renal function and protein intake on blood urea nitrogen in preterm infants in the first 3 weeks of life. J Perinatol. 2015;35:52\u20136.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"3367_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0000000000000080","volume":"29","author":"L Parker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Parker L, Torrazza RM, Li Y, Talaga E, Shuster J, Neu J. Aspiration and evaluation of gastric residuals in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2015;29:51\u20139.","journal-title":"J Perinat Neonatal Nurs"},{"key":"3367_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1159\/000358470","volume":"110","author":"EE Ziegler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ziegler EE. Human milk and human milk fortifiers. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2014;110:215\u201327.","journal-title":"World Rev Nutr Diet"},{"key":"3367_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G81","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00255.2013","volume":"306","author":"Y Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li Y, Jensen ML, Chatterton DEW, Jensen BB, Thymann T, Kvistgaard AS, et al. Raw bovine milk improves gut responses to feeding relative to infant formula in preterm piglets. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2014;306:G81\u201390.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"3367_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3182a208c7","volume":"57","author":"A Kreissl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kreissl A, Zwiauer V, Repa A, Binder C, Haninger N, Jilma B, et al. Effect of fortifiers and additional protein on the osmolarity of human milk: is it still safe for the premature infant? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57:432\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"3367_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425917719995","volume":"23","author":"DN Nguyen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nguyen DN, Stensballe A, Lai JC, Jiang P, Brunse A, Li Y, et al. Elevated levels of circulating cell-free DNA and neutrophil proteins are associated with neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in immature mice, pigs and infants. Innate Immun. 2017;23:524\u201336.","journal-title":"Innate Immun"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3367-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3367-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3367-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T11:04:04Z","timestamp":1663499044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3367-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3367-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 September 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Central ethical approval was confirmed from Regional Scientific Ethical Committee of Southern Denmark on November 28, 2017 (ref approval no. S-20130010), and we will not begin recruiting at other centres in the trial until local ethical approval has been obtained. Approval was also confirmed from the Danish Data Protection Agency on October 4, 2017 (2008-58-0035), and the trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03537365).\u00a0Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"University of Copenhagen has filed a patent on the use of bovine colostrum for human infants (PCT\/DK2013\/050184) in collaboration with the company Biofiber Damino, which will be given an option to license the patent. PTS is listed as sole inventor, but has declined any share of potential revenue arising from commercial exploitation of such a patent. PTS is not part of any clinical work in any of the neonatal units in this study (e.g. inclusion, exclusion, information, randomisation or data collection). Other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"279"}}