{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:45:22Z","timestamp":1792737922438,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007602","name":"Programme Grants for Applied Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP-PG-1212-20018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP-PG-1212-20018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3372-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T13:02:47Z","timestamp":1559653367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The CHESS trial: protocol for the process evaluation of a randomised trial of an education and self-management intervention for people with chronic headache"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"name":"and on behalf of the CHESS team","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien P.","family":"Nichols","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2992-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Ellard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances E.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J. C.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3372_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h1258","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1258","volume":"350","author":"GF Moore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moore GF, Audrey S, Barker M, Bond L, Bonell C, Hardeman W, Moore L, O'Cathain A, Tinati T, Wight D, et al. Process evaluation of complex interventions: Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ. 2015;350:h1258.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"3372_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/109019810002700202","volume":"27","author":"T Baranowski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baranowski T, Stables G. Process evaluations of the 5-a-day projects. Health Educ Behav. 2000;27(2):157\u201366.","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"3372_CR3","volume-title":"Process evaluation for public health interventions and research","author":"A Steckler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Steckler A, Linnan L. Process evaluation for public health interventions and research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2002."},{"issue":"8","key":"3372_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e194","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3483","volume":"16","author":"MM Demment","year":"2014","unstructured":"Demment MM, Graham ML, Olson CM. How an online intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain is used and by whom: a randomized controlled process evaluation. J Med Internet Res. 2014;16(8):e194.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"3372_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-12-28","volume":"12","author":"DR Ellard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ellard DR, Taylor SJ, Parsons S, Thorogood M. The OPERA trial: a protocol for the process evaluation of a randomised trial of an exercise intervention for older people in residential and nursing accommodation. Trials. 2011;12:28.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"3372_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0289-y","volume":"10","author":"L Gotlib Conn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gotlib Conn L, McKenzie M, Pearsall EA, McLeod RS. Successful implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery programme for elective colorectal surgery: a process evaluation of champions\u2019 experiences. Implement Sci. 2015;10:99.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3372_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1177\/1356389004050220","volume":"10","author":"A Oakley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oakley A, Strange V, Stephenson J, Forrest S, Monteiro H. Evaluating processes: a case study of a randomized controlled trial of sex education. Evaluation. 2004;10(4):440\u201362.","journal-title":"Evaluation"},{"key":"3372_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0329-2","volume":"13","author":"SR Partridge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Partridge SR, Allman-Farinelli M, McGeechan K, Balestracci K, Wong ATY, Hebden L, Harris MF, Bauman A, Phongsavan P. Process evaluation of TXT2BFiT: a multi-component mHealth randomised controlled trial to prevent weight gain in young adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Activ. 2016;13:7.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Activ"},{"key":"3372_CR9","unstructured":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders. https:\/\/www.ichd-3.org\/ . Accessed 19 Nov 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"3372_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2007.01288.x","volume":"27","author":"L Stovner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stovner L, Hagen K, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Lipton R, Scher A, Steiner T, Zwart JA. The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia. 2007;27(3):193\u2013210.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"3372_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00201","volume":"9","author":"TK Karikari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karikari TK, Charway-Felli A, Hoglund K, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Commentary: global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Front Neurol. 2018;9:201.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3372_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-0980-5","volume":"20","author":"S Patel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patel S, Potter R, Matharu M, Carnes D, Taylor S, Nichols V, Pincus T, Underwood M, Sandhu H. Development of an education and self-management intervention for chronic headache \u2013 CHESS trial (Chronic Headache Education and Self-management Study). J Headache Pain. 2019;20:28.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"7538","key":"3372_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7538.413","volume":"332","author":"A Oakley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oakley A, Strange V, Bonell C, Allen E, Stephenson J, Team RS. Process evaluation in randomised controlled trials of complex interventions. BMJ. 2006;332(7538):413\u20136.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3372_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794106058877","volume":"6","author":"A Bryman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bryman A. Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: how is it done? Qual Res. 2006;6(1):97\u2013113.","journal-title":"Qual Res"},{"issue":"6996","key":"3372_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6996.42","volume":"311","author":"C Pope","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pope C, Mays N. Reaching the parts other methods cannot reach: an introduction to qualitative methods in health and health services research. BMJ. 1995;311(6996):42\u20135.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2002","key":"3372_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412986274.n12","volume":"573","author":"J Ritchie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ritchie J, Spencer L. Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. Qual Res Companion. 2002;573(2002):305\u201329.","journal-title":"Qual Res Companion"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3372-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3372-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3372-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T11:26:42Z","timestamp":1663586802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3372-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3372-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was granted by the North West-Greater Manchester East Research Ethics Committee on 17 February 2017<i>.<\/i> The trial registration number is ISRCTN 79708100. Informed consent will be obtained from all study participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"MU and ST report a grant from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). MU reports personal fees from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), grants from Arthritis Research UK and personal fees from the NIHR, outside the submitted work, and was Chair of the guideline development group that produced the 2012 NICE headache guidelines. MU is a director and shareholder of Clinvivio Ltd, is part of an academic collaboration with Serco Ltd and is co-investigator in a study receiving partial support from ORTHOSPACE Ltd. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"323"}}