{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:34:35Z","timestamp":1791362075323,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3557-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T05:03:00Z","timestamp":1564549380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The redox-dependent regulation of satellite cells following aseptic muscle trauma (SpEED): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Papanikolaou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Draganidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Chatzinikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassiliki C.","family":"Laschou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalliopi","family":"Georgakouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Tsimeas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexios","family":"Batrakoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chariklia K.","family":"Deli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios Z.","family":"Jamurtas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8475-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis G.","family":"Fatouros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"3557_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024723","volume":"12","author":"MM Umnova","year":"1991","unstructured":"Umnova MM, Seene TP. The effect of increased functional load on the activation of satellite cells in the skeletal muscle of adult rats. Int J Sports Med. 1991;12:501\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"3557_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-004-0630-z","volume":"121","author":"F Kadi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kadi F, Johansson F, Johansson R, Sjostrom M, Henriksson J. Effects of one bout of endurance exercise on the expression of myogenin in human quadriceps muscle. Histochem Cell Biol. 2004;121:329\u201334.","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"3557_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2007.09.012","volume":"19","author":"F Le Grand","year":"2007","unstructured":"Le Grand F, Rudnicki MA. Skeletal muscle satellite cells and adult myogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2007;19:628\u201333.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol"},{"key":"3557_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078686","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1078686","volume":"2016","author":"CF Almeida","year":"2016","unstructured":"Almeida CF, Fernandes SA, Ribeiro Junior AF, Keith Okamoto O, Vainzof M. Muscle satellite cells: exploring the basic biology to rule them. Stem Cells Int. 2016;2016:1078686.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"3557_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.025","volume":"98","author":"R Qaisar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qaisar R, Bhaskaran S, Van Remmen H. Muscle fiber type diversification during exercise and regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med. 2016;98:56\u201367.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"3557_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2012.01.008","volume":"24","author":"PD Ray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ray PD, Huang BW, Tsuji Y. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling. Cell Signal. 2012;24:981\u201390.","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"3557_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6147","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115220","volume":"125","author":"M El Haddad","year":"2012","unstructured":"El Haddad M, Jean E, Turki A, Hugon G, Vernus B, Bonnieu A, et al. Glutathione peroxidase 3, a new retinoid target gene, is crucial for human skeletal muscle precursor cell survival. J Cell Sci. 2012;125:6147\u201356.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"3557_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2009.10.003","volume":"4","author":"G Pallafacchina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pallafacchina G, Francois S, Regnault B, Czarny B, Dive V, Cumano A, et al. An adult tissue-specific stem cell in its niche: a gene profiling analysis of in vivo quiescent and activated muscle satellite cells. Stem Cell Res. 2010;4:77\u201391.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"3557_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201310035","volume":"205","author":"CF Bentzinger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bentzinger CF, von Maltzahn J, Dumont NA, Stark DA, Wang YX, Nhan K, et al. Wnt7a stimulates myogenic stem cell motility and engraftment resulting in improved muscle strength. J Cell Biol. 2014;205:97\u2013111.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"3557_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-405882-8.00004-0","volume":"527","author":"R Brigelius-Flohe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brigelius-Flohe R, Kipp AP. Selenium in the redox regulation of the Nrf2 and the Wnt pathway. Methods Enzymol. 2013;527:65\u201386.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"3557_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.118265","volume":"578","author":"JG Tidball","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tidball JG, Wehling-Henricks M. Macrophages promote muscle membrane repair and muscle fibre growth and regeneration during modified muscle loading in mice in vivo. J Physiol. 2007;578:327\u201336.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"3557_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1173","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00735.2009","volume":"298","author":"JG Tidball","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tidball JG, Villalta SA. Regulatory interactions between muscle and the immune system during muscle regeneration. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010;298:R1173\u201387.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"3557_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200508001","volume":"172","author":"S Kuang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kuang S, Charge SB, Seale P, Huh M, Rudnicki MA. Distinct roles for Pax7 and Pax3 in adult regenerative myogenesis. J Cell Biol. 2006;172:103\u201313.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"3557_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.190876","volume":"588","author":"BR McKay","year":"2010","unstructured":"McKay BR, Toth KG, Tarnopolsky MA, Parise G. Satellite cell number and cell cycle kinetics in response to acute myotrauma in humans: immunohistochemistry versus flow cytometry. J Physiol. 2010;588:3307\u201320.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"3557_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10974-012-9302-0","volume":"33","author":"F Macaluso","year":"2012","unstructured":"Macaluso F, Myburgh KH. Current evidence that exercise can increase the number of adult stem cells. J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2012;33:187\u201398.","journal-title":"J Muscle Res Cell Motil"},{"key":"3557_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S114635","volume":"21","author":"IG Fatouros","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ. Insights into the molecular etiology of exercise-induced inflammation: opportunities for optimizing performance. J Inflamm Res. 2016;21:175\u201386.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"key":"3557_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838070-00005","volume":"38","author":"MG Nikolaidis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nikolaidis MG, Jamurtas AZ, Paschalis V, Fatouros IG, Koutedakis Y, Kouretas D. The effect of muscle-damaging exercise on blood and skeletal muscle oxidative stress: magnitude and time-course considerations. Sports Med. 2008;38:579\u2013606.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"3557_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21146","volume":"38","author":"C O'Reilly","year":"2008","unstructured":"O'Reilly C, McKay B, Phillips S, Tarnopolsky M, Parise G. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the satellite cell response following muscle lengthening contractions in humans. Muscle Nerve. 2008;38:1434\u201342.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"3557_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e283","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12320","volume":"25","author":"K Kruger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kruger K, Pilat C, Schild M, Lindner N, Frech T, Muders K, et al. Progenitor cell mobilization after exercise is related to systemic levels of G-CSF and muscle damage. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25:e283\u201391.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"3557_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2011.05.014","volume":"23","author":"KH Myburgh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Myburgh KH, Kruger MJ, Smith C. Accelerated skeletal muscle recovery after in vivo polyphenol administration. J Nutr Biochem. 2012;23:1072\u20139.","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"3557_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.04.016","volume":"1830","author":"Y Samuni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Samuni Y, Goldstein S, Dean OM, Berk M. The chemistry and biological activities of N-acetylcysteine. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013;1830(8):4117\u201329.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"8","key":"3557_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2015.02.017","volume":"1850","author":"F Ren","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ren F, Wang K, Zhang T, Jiang J, Nice EC, Huang C. New insights into redox regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1850(8):1518\u201326.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"10","key":"3557_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.10.4384-4394.2004","volume":"24","author":"SP Hye","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hye SP, Seung HL, Park D, et al. Sequential activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, \u03b2Pix, Rac1, and Nox1 in growth factor-induced production of H2O2. Mol Cell Biol. 2004;24(10):4384\u201394.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"3557_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01215.2007","volume":"104","author":"JK Petrella","year":"2008","unstructured":"Petrella JK, Kim JS, Mayhew DL, Cross JM, Bamman MM. Potent myofiber hypertrophy during resistance training in humans is associated with satellite cell-mediated myonuclear addition: a cluster analysis. J Appl Physiol. 2008;104:1736\u201342.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"3557_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1810-3","volume":"46","author":"J Farup","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farup J, Rahbek SK, Knudsen IS, de Paoli F, Mackey AL, Vissing K. Whey protein supplementation accelerates satellite cell proliferation during recovery from eccentric exercise. Amino Acids. 2014;46:2503\u201316.","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"3557_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000147632.17450.FF","volume":"36","author":"IG Fatouros","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ, Villiotou V, Pouliopoulou S, Fotinakis P, Taxildaris K, et al. Oxidative stress responses in older men during endurance training and detraining. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36:2065\u201372.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"3557_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328332f9b7","volume":"13","author":"R Elango","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elango R, Humayun MA, Ball RO, Pencharz PB. Evidence that protein requirements have been significantly underestimated. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010;13:52\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"3557_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.555018","volume":"53","author":"JM Landete","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landete JM. Dietary intake of natural antioxidants: vitamins and polyphenols. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013;53:706\u201321.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"3557_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00024.2007","volume":"102","author":"MM Bamman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bamman MM, Petrella JK, Ki JS, Mayhew DL, Cross JM. Cluster analysis tests the importance of myogenic gene expression during myofiber hypertrophy in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2007;102:2232\u20139.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"3557_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.049163","volume":"98","author":"Y Michailidis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michailidis Y, Karagounis LG, Terzis G, Jamurtas AZ, Spengos K, Tsoukas D, et al. Thiol-based antioxidant supplementation alters human skeletal muscle signaling and attenuates its inflammatory response and recovery after intense eccentric exercise. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98:233\u201345.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"3557_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114517001829","volume":"118","author":"D Draganidis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Draganidis D, Chondrogianni N, Chatzinikolaou A, Terzis G, Karagounis LG, Sovatzidis A, et al. Protein ingestion preserves proteasome activity during intense aseptic inflammation and facilitates skeletal muscle recovery in humans. Br J Nutr. 2017;118:189\u2013200.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"3557_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199120020-00004","volume":"20","author":"MR Holdiness","year":"1991","unstructured":"Holdiness MR. Clinical pharmacokinetics of N-acetylcysteine. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1991;20(2):123\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"2","key":"3557_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.2.724","volume":"90","author":"MB Reid","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reid MB. Invited review: redox modulation of skeletal muscle contraction: what we know and what we don\u2019t. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001;90(2):724\u201331.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3557_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-010-0002-1","volume":"66","author":"A Zembron-Lacny","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zembron-Lacny A, Slowinska-Lisowska M, Szygula Z, et al. Modulatory effect of N-acetylcysteine on pro-antioxidant status and haematological response in healthy men. J Physiol Biochem. 2010;66(1):15\u201321.","journal-title":"J Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"6","key":"3557_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.21.6.451","volume":"21","author":"JN Cobley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cobley JN, McGlory C, Morton JP, et al. N-acetylcysteine\u2019s attenuation of fatigue after repeated bouts of intermittent exercise: practical implications for tournament situations. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011;21(6):451\u201361.","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"3557_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2011.06.020","volume":"178","author":"SD Corn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corn SD, Barstow TJ. Effects of oral N-acetylcysteine on fatigue, critical power, and W0 in exercising humans. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2011;178(2):261\u20138.","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3557_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000222","volume":"46","author":"KM Slattery","year":"2014","unstructured":"Slattery KM, Dascombe B, Wallace LK, et al. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on cycling performance after intensified training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(6):1114\u201323.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"3557_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0677-3","volume":"47","author":"K Rhodes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rhodes K, Braakhuis A. Performance and Side Effects of Supplementation with N-acetylcysteine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2017;47:1619\u201336.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"3557_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.21.2.146","volume":"21","author":"LF Ferreira","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferreira LF, Campbell KS, Reid MB. N-acetylcysteine in handgrip exercise: plasma thiols and adverse reactions. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011;21:146\u201354.","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"3557_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050566","volume":"10","author":"Dimitrios Draganidis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Draganidis D, Jamurtas AZ, Stampoulis T, Laschou VC, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, et al. Disparate habitual physical activity and dietary intake profiles of elderly men with low and elevated systemic inflammation. Nutrients. 2018;10:E566.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"3557_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10040494","volume":"10","author":"Athanasios Poulios","year":"2018","unstructured":"Poulios A, Fatouros IG, Mohr M, Draganidis DK, Deli C, Papanikolaou K, et al. Post-game high protein intake may improve recovery of football-specific performance during a congested game fixture: results from the PRO-FOOTBALL Study. Nutrients. 2018;10:E494.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"3557_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318258cb36","volume":"44","author":"L Choi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choi L, Ward SC, Schnelle JF, Buchowski MS. Assessment of wear\/nonwear time classification algorithms for triaxial accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44:2009\u201316.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"3557_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1210","volume":"14","author":"SK Keadle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keadle SK, Shiroma EJ, Freedson PS, Lee IM. Impact of accelerometer data processing decisions on the sample size, wear time and physical activity level of a large cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1210.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"3557_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-015-3245-2","volume":"116","author":"M Mohr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohr M, Draganidis D, Chatzinikolaou A, Barbero-Alvarez JC, Castagna C, Douroudos I, et al. Muscle damage, inflammatory, immune and performance responses to three football games in 1 week in competitive male players. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116:179\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"3557_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0128072","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128072","volume":"10","author":"D Draganidis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Draganidis D, Chatzinikolaou A, Avloniti A, Barbero-Alvarez JC, Mohr M, Malliou P, et al. Recovery kinetics of knee flexor and extensor strength after a football match. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0128072.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3557_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-1345-0","volume":"95","author":"AZ Jamurtas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jamurtas AZ, Theocharis V, Tofas T, Tsiokanos A, Yfanti C, Paschalis V, et al. Comparison between leg and arm eccentric exercises of the same relative intensity on indices of muscle damage. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005;95:179\u201385.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"3557_CR47","first-page":"101","volume":"14","author":"WJ Evans","year":"1982","unstructured":"Evans WJ, Phinney SD, Young VR. Suction applied to a muscle biopsy maximizes sample size. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14:101\u20132.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"3557_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201500198R","volume":"30","author":"AL Mackey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mackey AL, Rasmussen LK, Kadi F, Schjerling P, Helmark IC, Ponsot E, et al. Activation of satellite cells and the regeneration of human skeletal muscle are expedited by ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication. FASEB J. 2016;30:2266\u201381.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"3557_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.183996","volume":"144","author":"T Snijders","year":"2014","unstructured":"Snijders T, Verdijk LB, McKay BR, Smeets JS, van Kranenburg J, Groen BB, et al. Acute dietary protein intake restriction is associated with changes in myostatin expression after a single bout of resistance exercise in healthy young men. J Nutr. 2014;144:137\u201345.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"3557_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-014-9699-z","volume":"36","author":"T Snijders","year":"2014","unstructured":"Snijders T, Verdijk LB, Smeets JS, BR MK, Senden JM, Hartgens F, et al. The skeletal muscle satellite cell response to a single bout of resistance-type exercise is delayed with aging in men. Age (Dordr). 2014;36:9699.","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"key":"3557_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275155","volume":"596","author":"JP Nederveen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nederveen JP, Joanisse S, Snijders T, Thomas AC, Kumbhare D, Parise G. The influence of capillarization on satellite cell pool expansion and activation following exercise-induced muscle damage in healthy young men. J Physiol. 2018;596:1063\u201378.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"3557_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosmac K, Peck BD, Walton RG, Mula J, Kern PA, Bamman MM, et al. Immunohistochemical identification of human skeletal muscle macrophages. Bio Protoc. 2018;8:2883.","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.2883"},{"key":"3557_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(\u2212Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 2001;25:402\u20138.","journal-title":"Methods."},{"key":"3557_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.009266","volume":"93","author":"AA Theodorou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Theodorou AA, Nikolaidis MG, Paschalis V, Koutsias S, Panayiotou G, Fatouros IG, et al. No effect of antioxidant supplementation on muscle performance and blood redox status adaptations to eccentric training. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93:1373\u201383.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"3557_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-3485.71856","volume":"1","author":"TV Sakpal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sakpal TV. Sample size estimation in clinical trial. Perspect Clin Res. 2010;1:67\u20139.","journal-title":"Perspect Clin Res"},{"key":"3557_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01194.2006","volume":"103","author":"JS Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim JS, Petrella JK, Cross JM, Bamman MM. Load-mediated downregulation of myostatin mRNA is not sufficient to promote myofiber hypertrophy in humans: a cluster analysis. J Appl Physiol. 2007;103:1488\u201395.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"3557_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583","volume":"158","author":"AW Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan AW, Tetzlaff JM, Altman DG, Laupacis A, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Krle\u017ea-Jeri\u0107 K, et al. SPIRIT 2013 statement: defining standard protocol items for clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:200\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"3557_CR58","first-page":"5","volume":"103","author":"RJ De Souza","year":"2016","unstructured":"De Souza RJ, Eisen RB, Perera S, Bantoto B, Bawor M, Dennis BB. Best (but oft-forgotten ) practices: sensitivity analyses in randomized controlled trials. Am Soc Nutr. 2016;103:5\u201317.","journal-title":"Am Soc Nutr"},{"key":"3557_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20061732","volume":"95","author":"GL Close","year":"2006","unstructured":"Close GL, Ashton T, Cable T, Doran D, Holloway C, McArdle F, et al. Ascorbic acid supplementation does not attenuate post-exercise muscle soreness following muscle-damaging exercise but may delay the recovery process. Br J Nutr. 2006;95:976\u201381.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"3557_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-867-2_21","volume":"889","author":"C Harris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harris C, Hansen JM. Oxidative stress, thiols, and redox profiles. Methods Mol Biol. 2012;889:325\u201346.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"3557_CR61","first-page":"1335","volume":"2014","author":"B Groitl","year":"1844","unstructured":"Groitl B, Jakob U. Thiol-based redox switches. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1844;2014:1335\u201343.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"3557_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2011","volume":"93","author":"H Yin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yin H, Price F, Rudnicki MA. Satellite cells and the muscle stem cell niche. Physiol Rev. 2013;93:23\u201367.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"3557_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.05.008","volume":"37","author":"W Aoi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aoi W, Naito Y, Takanami Y, Kawai Y, Sakuma K, Ichikawa H, et al. Oxidative stress and delayed-onset muscle damage after exercise. Free Radic Biol Med. 2004;37:480\u20137.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3557-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3557-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3557-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T10:37:51Z","timestamp":1721558271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3557-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3557-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.247\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.247\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.247\/v4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.247\/v3","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The methods and ethics of the present study have been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Thessaly (ref. number 1387). A written consent form will be acquired from each participant by the investigators.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors gave their consent for publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"469"}}