{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T15:44:58Z","timestamp":1793375098479,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106919\/A\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106919\/A\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conduct, anxiety, and depressive disorders account for over 75% of the adolescent mental health burden globally. The current protocol will test a low-intensity problem-solving intervention for school-going adolescents with common mental health problems in India. The protocol also tests the effects of a classroom-based sensitization intervention on the demand for counselling services in an embedded recruitment trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\/design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We will conduct a two-arm, individually randomized controlled trial in six Government-run secondary schools in New Delhi. The targeted sample is 240 adolescents in grades 9\u201312 with persistent, elevated mental health symptoms and associated distress\/impairment. Participants will receive either a brief problem-solving intervention delivered over 3\u2009weeks by lay counsellors (intervention) or enhanced usual care comprised of problem-solving booklets (control). Self-reported adolescent mental health symptoms and idiographic problems will be assessed at 6\u2009weeks (co-primary outcomes) and again at 12\u2009weeks post-randomization. In addition, adolescent-reported distress\/impairment, perceived stress, mental wellbeing, and clinical remission, as well as parent-reported adolescent mental health symptoms and impact scores, will be assessed at 6 and 12\u2009weeks post-randomization. We will also complete a parallel process evaluation, including estimations of the costs of delivering the interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>An embedded recruitment trial will apply a stepped-wedge, cluster (class)-randomized controlled design in 70 classes across the six schools. This will evaluate the added effect of a classroom-based sensitization intervention over\u00a0and above school-level sensitization activities on the primary outcome of referral rate into the host trial. Other outcomes will be the proportion of referrals eligible to participate in the host trial, proportion of self-generated referrals, and severity and pattern of symptoms among referred adolescents in each condition. Power calculations were undertaken separately for each trial. A detailed statistical analysis plan will be developed separately for each trial prior to unblinding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both trials were initiated on 20 August 2018. A single research protocol for both trials offers a resource-efficient methodology for testing the effectiveness of linked procedures to enhance uptake and outcomes of a school-based psychological intervention for common adolescent mental health problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both trials are registered prospectively with the National Institute of Health registry (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ), registration numbers\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03633916\">NCT03633916<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      and\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03630471\">NCT03630471<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , registered on 16th August, 2018 and 14th August, 2018 respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3573-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T09:04:57Z","timestamp":1568797497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The effectiveness of a low-intensity problem-solving intervention for common adolescent mental health problems in New Delhi, India: protocol for a school-based, individually randomized controlled trial with an embedded stepped-wedge, cluster randomized controlled recruitment trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Rachana","family":"Parikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Michelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanika","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Shinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen A.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriaan","family":"Hoogendoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Ruwaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhuri","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhea","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhargav","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rooplata","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonal","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulomi","family":"Sudhir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pim","family":"Cuijpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce F.","family":"Chorpita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Fairburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3573_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01855.x","volume":"49","author":"ML Belfer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Belfer ML. Child and adolescent mental disorders: the magnitude of the problem across the globe. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip. 2008;49(3):226\u201336.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip"},{"issue":"4","key":"3573_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32816ebc8c","volume":"20","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Amminger GP, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Lee S, Ustun TB. Age of onset of mental disorders: A review of recent literature. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2007;20(4):359\u201364.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"3573_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30513-8","volume":"5","author":"EA Holmes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holmes EA, Ghaderi A, Harmer CJ, Ramchandani PG, Cuijpers P, Morrison AP, et al. The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on psychological treatments research in tomorrow's science. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(3):237\u201386.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"3573_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02409.x","volume":"52","author":"J Morris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morris J, Belfer M, Daniels A, Flisher A, Ville L, Lora A, et al. Treated prevalence of and mental health services received by children and adolescents in 42 low-and-middle-income countries. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip. 2011;52(12):1239\u201346.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip"},{"issue":"7354","key":"3573_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/475027a","volume":"475","author":"PY Collins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Collins PY, Patel V, Joestl SS, March D, Insel TR, Daar AS. Grand challenges in global mental health: A consortium of researchers, advocates and clinicians announces here research priorities for improving the lives of people with mental illness around the world, and calls for urgent action and investment. Nature. 2011;475(7354):27\u201330.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"4","key":"3573_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2016.06.020","volume":"59","author":"Jai K. Das","year":"2016","unstructured":"Das JK, Salam RA, Lassi ZS, Khan MN, Mahmood W, Patel V, et al. Interventions for Adolescent Mental Health: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. J Adolesc Health. 2016;59(4s):S49-s60.","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"3573_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112820","volume":"11","author":"JR Weisz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weisz JR, Krumholz LS, Santucci L, Thomassin K, Ng MY. Shrinking the gap between research and practice: tailoring and testing youth psychotherapies in clinical care contexts. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2015;11:139\u201363.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"3573_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0938-y","volume":"16","author":"LK Murray","year":"2016","unstructured":"Murray LK, Jordans MJ. Rethinking the service delivery system of psychological interventions in low and middle income countries. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16:234.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"3573_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001757","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001757","volume":"11","author":"P Bolton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bolton P, Lee C, Haroz EE, Murray L, Dorsey S, Robinson C, et al. A transdiagnostic community-based mental health treatment for comorbid disorders: Development and outcomes of a randomized controlled trial among Burmese refugees in Thailand. PLoS Med. 2014;11(11):e1001757.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"3573_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2018.7","volume":"5","author":"LK Murray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murray LK, Hall BJ, Dorsey S, Ugueto AM, Puffer ES, Sim A, et al. An evaluation of a common elements treatment approach for youth in Somali refugee camps. Global Mental Health. 2018;5:e16.","journal-title":"Global Mental Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"3573_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12747","volume":"58","author":"LK Marchette","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marchette LK, Weisz JR. Practitioner review: Empirical evolution of youth psychotherapy toward transdiagnostic approaches. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017;58(9):970\u201384.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"3573_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.5944\/rppc.vol.21.num.3.2016.17811","volume":"21","author":"J Garc\u00eda-Escalera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Escalera J, Chorot P, Valiente RM, Reales JM, Sand\u00edn B. Efficacy of transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and depression in adults, children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Revista de Psicopatolog\u00eda y Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica. 2016;21(3):147.","journal-title":"Revista de Psicopatolog\u00eda y Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica"},{"issue":"1","key":"3573_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000133","volume":"85","author":"BF Chorpita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chorpita BF, Daleiden EL, Park AL, Ward AM, Levy MC, Cromley T, et al. Child STEPs in California: A cluster randomized effectiveness trial comparing modular treatment with community implemented treatment for youth with anxiety, depression, conduct problems, or traumatic stress. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2017;85(1):13\u201325.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3573_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12118","volume":"9","author":"LC Santucci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Santucci LC, Thomassin K, Petrovic L, Weisz JR. Building evidence-based interventions for the youth, providers, and contexts of real-world mental-health care. Child Dev Perspect. 2015;9(2):67\u201373.","journal-title":"Child Dev Perspect"},{"key":"3573_CR15","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Implementation Guidelines Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) 2018. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2018."},{"issue":"7","key":"3573_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0134189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134189","volume":"10","author":"S Vellakkal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vellakkal S, Patel V. Designing psychological treatments for scalability: The PREMIUM approach. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0134189.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10065","key":"3573_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31590-2","volume":"389","author":"A Nadkarni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nadkarni A, Weobong B, Weiss HA, McCambridge J, Bhat B, Katti B, et al. Counselling for Alcohol Problems (CAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for harmful drinking in men, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10065):186\u201395.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10065","key":"3573_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31589-6","volume":"389","author":"V Patel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patel V, Weobong B, Weiss HA, Anand A, Bhat B, Katti B, et al. The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10065):176\u201385.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3573_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michelson D, Malik K, Krishna M, Sharma R, Mathur S, Bhat B, et al. Development of a transdiagnostic, low-intensity, psychological intervention for common adolescent mental health problems in Indian secondary schools. Behav Res Ther. 2019; in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103439"},{"key":"3573_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parikh R, Michelson D, Sapru M, Sahu R, Singh A, Cuijpers P, et al. Priorities and preferences for school-based mental health services in India: a multi-stakeholder study with adolescents, parents, school staff and mental health providers. Global Mental Health. 2019; in press.","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2019.16"},{"issue":"1","key":"3573_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-019-0306-z","volume":"7","author":"R Parikh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parikh R, Sapru M, Krishna M, Cuijpers P, Patel V, Michelson D. \"It is like a mind attack\": stress and coping among urban school-going adolescents in India. BMC Psychol. 2019;7(1):31.","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3573_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1647-2","volume":"54","author":"Kallol Roy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roy K, Shinde S, Sarkar BK, Malik K, Parikh R, Patel V. India's response to adolescent mental health: a policy review and stakeholder analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2019;54(4):405-14.","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3573_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-014-0541-9","volume":"42","author":"MM Boustani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boustani MM, Frazier SL, Becker KD, Bechor M, Dinizulu SM, Hedemann ER, et al. Common elements of adolescent prevention programs: minimizing burden while maximizing reach. Admin Pol Ment Health. 2015;42(2):209\u201319.","journal-title":"Admin Pol Ment Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"3573_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014565","volume":"77","author":"BF Chorpita","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chorpita BF, Daleiden EL. Mapping evidence-based treatments for children and adolescents: application of the distillation and matching model to 615 treatments from 322 randomized trials. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2009;77(3):566\u201379.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"3573_CR25","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Problem management plus (PM+): psychological help for adults in communities exposed to adversity: WHO Kenyan field-trial version 1.0, 2016: World Health Organization; 2016 [Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/205536\n                    \n                  . Accessed 30 July 2019."},{"key":"3573_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2017.04.006","volume":"6","author":"Amit Dias","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dias A, Azariah F, Cohen A, Anderson S, Morse J, Cuijpers P, et al. Intervention development for the indicated prevention of depression in later life: The \u201cDIL\u201d protocol in Goa, India. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2017;6:131-9.","journal-title":"Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications"},{"key":"3573_CR27","volume-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"RS Lazarus","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Pub. Co.; 1984."},{"issue":"6","key":"3573_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20180212-04","volume":"56","author":"L Chiappetta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chiappetta L, Stark S, Mahmoud KF, Bahnsen KR, Mitchell AM. Motivational interviewing to increase outpatient attendance for adolescent psychiatric patients. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 2018;56(6):31\u20135.","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv"},{"issue":"2","key":"3573_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.146472","volume":"206","author":"C Notley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Notley C, Christopher R, Hodgekins J, Byrne R, French P, Fowler D. Participant views on involvement in a trial of social recovery cognitive-behavioural therapy. Br J Psychiatry. 2015;206(2):122\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3573_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-012-0462-4","volume":"41","author":"D Michelson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Michelson D, Day C. Improving attendance at child and adolescent mental health services for families from socially disadvantaged communities: evaluation of a pre-intake engagement intervention in the UK. Admin Pol Ment Health. 2014;41(2):252\u201361.","journal-title":"Admin Pol Ment Health"},{"key":"3573_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-42","volume":"14","author":"B Bonevski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bonevski B, Randell M, Paul C, Chapman K, Twyman L, Bryant J, et al. Reaching the hard-to-reach: a systematic review of strategies for improving health and medical research with socially disadvantaged groups. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:42.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"jan08 15","key":"3573_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7586","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586","volume":"346","author":"A.-W. Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Treweek S, Lockhart P, Pitkethly M, Cook JA, Kjeldstr\u00f8m M, Johansen M, et al. Methods to improve recruitment to randomised controlled trials: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open. 2013;3(2). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.e7586\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3573_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-1126-y","volume":"17","author":"VW Madurasinghe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Madurasinghe VW. Sandra Eldridge on behalf of MRCSG, Gordon Forbes on behalf of the SECG. Guidelines for reporting embedded recruitment trials. Trials. 2016;17(1):27.","journal-title":"Trials."},{"issue":"2","key":"3573_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.177536","volume":"41","author":"Poornima Bhola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhola P, Sathyanarayanan V, Rekha DP, Daniel S, Thomas T. Assessment of Self-Reported Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties Among Pre-University College Students in Bangalore, India. Indian J Community Med. 2016;41(2):146-50.","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"3573_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.6.534","volume":"177","author":"Robert Goodman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goodman R, Ford T, Simmons H, Gatward R, Meltzer H. Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to screen for child psychiatric disorders in a community sample. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;177:534\u20139.","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"3573_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemming K, Taljaard M, McKenzie JE, Hooper R, Copas A, Thompson JA, et al. Reporting of stepped wedge cluster randomised trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement with explanation and elaboration. BMJ. 2018;363:k1614","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1614"},{"key":"3573_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c869","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c869","volume":"340","author":"D Moher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz KF, Montori V, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Devereaux PJ, et al. CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ. 2010;340:c869.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"16","key":"3573_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7668","volume":"37","author":"J.A. Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson JA, Davey C, Fielding K, Hargreaves JR, Hayes RJ. Robust analysis of stepped wedge trials using cluster-level summaries within periods. Stat Med. 2018;37(16):2487\u2013500.","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"3573_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.06.006","volume":"60","author":"Daisy R. Singla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singla DR, Weobong B, Nadkarni A, Chowdhary N, Shinde S, Anand A, et al. Improving the scalability of psychological treatments in developing countries: an evaluation of peer-led therapy quality assessment in Goa, India. Behav Res Ther. 2014;60:53\u20139.","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"3573_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.03.009","volume":"69","author":"Brandon A. Kohrt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kohrt BA, Jordans MJ, Rai S, Shrestha P, Luitel NP, Ramaiya MK, et al. Therapist competence in global mental health: Development of the ENhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors (ENACT) rating scale. Behav Res Ther. 2015;69:11\u201321.","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"3573_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000372","volume":"29","author":"Kate Muse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muse K, McManus F, Rakovshik S, Thwaites R. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Assessment of Core CBT Skills (ACCS): An observation-based tool for assessing cognitive behavioral therapy competence. Psychol Assess. 2017;29(5):542\u201355.","journal-title":"Psychological Assessment"},{"key":"3573_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magill N, Knight R, McCrone P, Ismail K, Landau S. A scoping review of the problems and solutions associated with contamination in trials of complex interventions in mental health. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2019;19(1):4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0646-z"},{"issue":"3","key":"3573_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023307","volume":"79","author":"John R. Weisz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weisz JR, Chorpita BF, Frye A, Ng MY, Lau N, Bearman SK, et al. Youth Top Problems: using idiographic, consumer-guided assessment to identify treatment needs and to track change during psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2011;79(3):369\u201380.","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3573_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","volume":"24","author":"Sheldon Cohen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385\u201396.","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"3573_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke A, Friede T, Putz R, Ashdown J, Martin S, Blake A, et al. Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): Validated for teenage school students in England and Scotland. A mixed methods assessment. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:487.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-487"},{"issue":"4","key":"3573_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.74310","volume":"52","author":"Bharath Srikala","year":"2010","unstructured":"Srikala B, Kishore KK. Empowering adolescents with life skills education in schools - School mental health program: Does it work? Indian J Psychiatry. 2010;52(4):344\u20139.","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"3573_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32833aa0c1","volume":"23","author":"Shoba Srinath","year":"2010","unstructured":"Srinath S, Kandasamy P, Golhar TS. Epidemiology of child and adolescent mental health disorders in Asia. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2010;23(4):330\u20136.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"3573_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.171841","volume":"57","author":"Kamlesh Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh K, Junnarkar M, Sharma S. Anxiety, stress, depression, and psychosocial functioning of Indian adolescents. Indian J Psychiatry. 2015;57(4):367\u201374.","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"3573_CR49","unstructured":"Augustine LF, Vazir S, Rao SF, Rao MV, Laxmaiah A, Nair KM. Perceived stress, life events & coping among higher secondary students of Hyderabad, India: a pilot study. Indian J Med Res. 2011;134:61\u20138."},{"issue":"9","key":"3573_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.05.019","volume":"55","author":"Praveetha Patalay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patalay P, Fitzsimons E. Correlates of mental illness and wellbeing in children: Are they the same? Results from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016;55(9):771\u201383.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"3573_CR51","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Mental Well-Being","author":"Sarah Stewart-Brown","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stewart-Brown S. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS): Performance in Different Cultural and Geographical Groups. In: Keyes CLM, editor. Mental Well-Being: International Contributions to the Study of Positive Mental Health. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. p. 133-50."},{"key":"3573_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolpert, M., G\u00f6rzig, A., Deighton, J., Fugard, A. J., Newman, R., & Ford, T. 2015. Comparison of indices of clinically meaningful change in child and adolescent mental health services: difference scores, reliable change, crossing clinical thresholds and \u2018added value\u2019-an exploration using parent rated scores on the SDQ. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 20(2), 94\u2013101.","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12080"},{"issue":"3","key":"3573_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7189(79)90094-6","volume":"2","author":"Daniel L. Larsen","year":"1979","unstructured":"Larsen DL, Attkisson CC, Hargreaves WA, Nguyen TD. Assessment of client\/patient satisfaction: development of a general scale. Eval Program Plann. 1979;2(3):197\u2013207.","journal-title":"Evaluation and Program Planning"},{"key":"3573_CR54","unstructured":"OPSPL. STAR: Sangath digital tool for advanced research. 2013."},{"key":"3573_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker D, McElduff P, D'Este C, Campbell MJ. Stepped wedge cluster randomised trials: a review of the statistical methodology used and available. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2016;16:69.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0176-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"3573_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","volume":"73","author":"KUNG-YEE LIANG","year":"1986","unstructured":"Liang K-Y, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika. 1986;73(1):13\u201322.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"9","key":"3573_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216683570","volume":"27","author":"Thomas R Sullivan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sullivan TR, White IR, Salter AB, Ryan P, Lee KJ. Should multiple imputation be the method of choice for handling missing data in randomized trials? Stat Methods Med Res. 2018;27(9):2610\u201326","journal-title":"Statistical Methods in Medical Research"},{"key":"3573_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2015.12.006","volume":"60","author":"James L. Peugh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peugh JL, Strotman D, McGrady M, Rausch J, Kashikar-Zuck S. Beyond intent to treat (ITT): A complier average causal effect (CACE) estimation primer. J Sch Psychol. 2017;60:7\u201324.","journal-title":"Journal of School Psychology"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3573-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3573-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3573-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T19:32:26Z","timestamp":1600284746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3573-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-019-3573-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.86\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.86\/v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants in both the trials. For adolescents younger than 18\u2009years of age (minors), informed consent will be obtained from parents or guardians of the adolescents. The study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Harvard Faculty of Medicine (reference IRB17\u20130379), Sangath (references VP_2018_41 and RP_2018_47) and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM Ethics reference 15907). Additional approval from the Indian Council of Medical Research (HMSC\/1\/2016\/SBR) and the Department of Education, Government of India (DE40 [20]\/EVGB\/2017\/711\u2013717) were also obtained before the commencement of the trials.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication of anonymized data will be obtained from trial participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"568"}}