{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:55:55Z","timestamp":1793109355408,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593129600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1144022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1144022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The clinical onset of borderline personality disorder (BPD) usually occurs in young people (aged 12\u201325\u2009years) and commonly leads to difficulty achieving and maintaining vocational (education and\/or employment) engagement. While current psychosocial interventions lead to improvements in psychopathology, they have little effect upon functioning. Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is a client-driven model that assists individuals with severe mental illness to engage with education and\/or employment appropriate to their personal goals, and that provides ongoing support to maintain this engagement. The objective of the INdividual Vocational and Educational Support Trial (INVEST) is to evaluate the effectiveness of adding IPS to an evidence-based early intervention programme for BPD, with the aim of improving vocational outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods\/design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>INVEST is a single-blind, parallel-groups, randomised controlled trial (RCT). The randomisation is stratified by gender and age and uses random permuted blocks. The interventions are 39\u2009weeks of either IPS, or \u2018usual vocational services\u2019 (UVS). Participants will comprise 108 help-seeking young people (aged 15\u201325\u2009years) with three or more <jats:italic>DSM-5<\/jats:italic> BPD features and a desire to study or work, recruited from the Helping Young People Early (HYPE) early intervention programme for BPD at Orygen, in Melbourne, Australia. All participants will receive the HYPE intervention. After baseline assessment, staff who are blind to the intervention group allocation will conduct assessments at 13, 26, 39 and 52\u2009weeks. At the 52-week primary endpoint, the primary outcome is the number of days in mainstream education\/employment since baseline. Secondary outcomes include the cost-effectiveness of the intervention, quality of life, and BPD severity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Current treatments for BPD have little impact on vocational outcomes and enduring functional impairment is prevalent among this patient group. IPS is\u00a0a targeted functional intervention, which has proven effective in improving vocational outcomes for adults and young people with psychotic disorders. This trial will investigate whether IPS is effective for improving vocational (employment and educational) outcomes among young people with subthreshold or full-syndrome BPD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ID: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=376054&amp;isReview=true\">ACTRN12619001220156<\/jats:ext-link>. 13 September 2019.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04471-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]],"date-time":"2020-06-26T15:04:32Z","timestamp":1593183872000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["INdividual Vocational and Educational Support Trial (INVEST) for young people with borderline personality disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4468-622X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Chanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Betts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary R.","family":"Bond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathrine","family":"Mihalopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry J.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine N.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Jovev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hok Pan","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Chinnery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Allott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"McCutcheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh P.","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eoin","family":"Killackey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"4471_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18029","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.29","volume":"4","author":"JG Gunderson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gunderson JG, Herpertz SC, Skodol AE, Torgersen S, Zanarini MC. Borderline personality disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:18029.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"4471_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20429","volume":"16","author":"AM Chanen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chanen AM, Sharp C, Hoffman P, Global Alliance for Prevention and Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder. Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: a novel public health priority. World Psychiatry. 2017;16(2):215\u20136.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"4471_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000318","volume":"45","author":"C Winsper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Winsper C, Marwaha S, Lereya ST, Thompson A, Eyden J, Singh SP. Clinical and psychosocial outcomes of borderline personality disorder in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2015;45(11):2237\u201351.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4471_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2015_29_200","volume":"30","author":"AGC Wright","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wright AGC, Zalewski M, Hallquist MN, Hipwell AE, Stepp SD. Developmental trajectories of borderline personality disorder symptoms and psychosocial functioning in adolescence. J Personal Disord. 2016;30(3):351\u201372.","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"4471_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30029-3","volume":"3","author":"P Moran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moran P, Romaniuk H, Coffey C, Chanen A, Degenhardt L, Borschmann R, et al. The influence of personality disorder on the future mental health and social adjustment of young adults: a population-based, longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(7):636\u201345.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"4471_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01930.x","volume":"49","author":"G Winograd","year":"2008","unstructured":"Winograd G, Cohen P, Chen H. Adolescent borderline symptoms in the community: prognosis for functioning over 20 years. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008;49(9):933\u201341.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"4471_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2011.00271.x","volume":"5","author":"IT Sio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sio IT, Chanen AM, Killackey EJ, Gleeson J. The relationship between impulsivity and vocational outcome in outpatient youth with borderline personality features. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2011;5(3):249\u201353.","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"4471_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.37","volume":"68","author":"JG Gunderson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gunderson JG. Ten-year course of borderline personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(8):827.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"4471_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"22","author":"PH Soloff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soloff PH, Chiappetta L. 10-year outcome of suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder. J Personal Disord. 2018;22:1\u201319.","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"4471_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2016_30_269","volume":"31","author":"I Alvarez-Tom\u00e1s","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alvarez-Tom\u00e1s I, Soler J, Bados A, Mart\u00edn-Blanco A, Elices M, Carmona C, et al. Long-term course of borderline personality disorder: a prospective 10-year follow-up study. J Personal Disord. 2017;31(5):590\u2013605.","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"key":"4471_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.01.034","volume":"262","author":"MC Zanarini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zanarini MC, Temes CM, Frankenburg FR, Reich DB, Fitzmaurice GM. Description and prediction of time-to-attainment of excellent recovery for borderline patients followed prospectively for 20 years. Psychiatry Res. 2018;262:40\u20135.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"4471_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Caruana E, Farhall J, Cotton SM, Parrish E, van-der-El K, Davey CG, et al. Vocational engagement among young people entering mental health treatment compared with their general population peers. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eip.12712.","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12712"},{"key":"4471_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Caruana E, Allott K, Farhall J, Parrish EM, Davey CG, Chanen AM, et al. Factors associated with vocational disengagement among young people entering mental health treatment. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eip.12718.","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12718"},{"issue":"6","key":"4471_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-017-0197-5","volume":"54","author":"E Caruana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caruana E, Cotton SM, Farhall J, Parrish EM, Chanen A, Davey CG, et al. A comparison of vocational engagement among young people with psychosis, depression and borderline personality pathology. Community Ment Health J. 2017;54(6):831\u201341.","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"issue":"2","key":"4471_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.2.276","volume":"159","author":"AE Skodol","year":"2002","unstructured":"Skodol AE, Gunderson JG, McGlashan TH, Dyck IR, Stout RL, Bender DS, et al. Functional impairment in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(2):276\u201383.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"4471_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Juurlink TT, ten Have M, Lamers F, van Marle HJF, Anema JR, de Graaf R, et al. Borderline personality symptoms and work performance: a population-based survey. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-018-1777-9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1777-9"},{"key":"4471_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"KN Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson KN, Jackson H, Cavelti M, Betts J, McCutcheon L, Jovev M, et al. The clinical significance of subthreshold borderline personality disorder features in outpatient youth. J Personal Disord. 2018;23:1\u201311.","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"4471_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0878-0","volume":"49","author":"KA Ostby","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ostby KA, Czajkowski N, Knudsen GP, Ystrom E, Gjerde LC, Kendler KS, et al. Personality disorders are important risk factors for disability pensioning. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014;49(12):2003\u201311.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4471_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712000906","volume":"42","author":"AK Knudsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knudsen AK, Skogen JC, Harvey SB, Stewart R, Hotopf M, Moran P. Personality disorders, common mental disorders and receipt of disability benefits: evidence from the British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity. Psychol Med. 2012;42(12):2631\u201340.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4471_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2009.23.4.346","volume":"23","author":"MC Zanarini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zanarini MC, Jacoby RJ, Frankenburg FR, Reich DB, Fitzmaurice G. The 10-year course of social security disability income reported by patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison subjects. J Personal Disord. 2009;23(4):346\u201356.","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"4471_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0171592","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171592","volume":"12","author":"D Meuldijk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meuldijk D, McCarthy A, Bourke ME, Grenyer BFS. The value of psychological treatment for borderline personality disorder: systematic review and cost offset analysis of economic evaluations. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0171592.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"4471_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.04.001","volume":"22","author":"ADI van Asselt","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Asselt ADI, Dirksen CD, Arntz A, Severens JL. The cost of borderline personality disorder: societal cost of illness in BPD-patients. Eur Psychiatry. 2007;22(6):354\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"4471_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2014.07.001","volume":"29","author":"L Salvador-Carulla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salvador-Carulla L, Bendeck M, Ferrer M, Andi\u00f3n O, Aragon\u00e8s E, Casas M, et al. Cost of borderline personality disorder in Catalonia (Spain). Eur Psychiatry. 2014;29(8):490\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"4471_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.07.004","volume":"61","author":"T Wagner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wagner T, Fydrich T, Stiglmayr C, Marschall P, Salize H-J, Renneberg B, et al. Societal cost-of-illness in patients with borderline personality disorder one year before, during and after dialectical behavior therapy in routine outpatient care. Behav Res Ther. 2014;61:12\u201322.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"4471_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36517","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036517","volume":"7","author":"C Katsakou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Katsakou C, Marougka S, Barnicot K, Savill M, White H, Lockwood K, et al. Recovery in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): a qualitative study of service users\u2019 perspectives. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36517.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"4471_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2006.20.3.205","volume":"20","author":"M Jovev","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jovev M, Jackson HJ. The relationship of borderline personality disorder, life events and functioning in an Australian psychiatric sample. J Personal Disord. 2006;20(3):205\u201317.","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"4471_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.4287","volume":"74","author":"IA Cristea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cristea IA, Gentili C, Cotet CD, Palomba D, Barbui C, Cuijpers P. Efficacy of psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74(4):319\u201328.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"4471_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/000841741007700501","volume":"77","author":"EM Fossey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fossey EM, Harvey CA. Finding and sustaining employment: a qualitative meta-synthesis of mental health consumer views. Can J Occup Ther. 2010;77(5):303\u201314.","journal-title":"Can J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"4471_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2975\/32.4.2009.261.268","volume":"32","author":"DC Strickler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Strickler DC, Whitley R, Becker DR, Drake RE. First person accounts of long-term employment activity among people with dual diagnosis. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2009;32(4):261\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"4471_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01918.x","volume":"40","author":"EJ Killackey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Killackey EJ, Jackson HJ, Gleeson J, Hickie IB, McGorry PD. Exciting career opportunity beckons! Early intervention and vocational rehabilitation in first-episode psychosis: employing cautious optimism. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2006;40(11\u201312):951\u201362.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"4471_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867413476351","volume":"47","author":"SB Harvey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harvey SB, Modini M, Christensen H, Glozier N. Severe mental illness and work: what can we do to maximise the employment opportunities for individuals with psychosis? Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2013;47(5):421\u20134.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"4471_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.3.313","volume":"52","author":"GR Bond","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bond GR, Becker DR, Drake RE, Rapp CA, Meisler N, Lehman AF, et al. Implementing supported employment as an evidence-based practice. Psychiatr Serv. 2001;52(3):313\u201322.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"4471_CR33","unstructured":"Marks GN. The occupations and earnings of young Australians: the role of education and training. Australian Council for Educational Research; 2008. p. 59. https:\/\/research.acer.edu.au\/lsay_research\/108."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"4471_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/21582041.2016.1194452","volume":"11","author":"K Ralston","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ralston K, Feng Z, Everington D, Dibben C. Do young people not in education, employment or training experience long-term occupational scarring? A longitudinal analysis over 20 years of follow-up. Contemp Soc Sci. 2016;11(2-3):203\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21582041.2016.1194452.","journal-title":"Contemp Soc Sci"},{"key":"4471_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drake RE, Bond GR, Becker DR. IPS principles. In: Individual placement and support. Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 33\u201345.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199734016.003.0015"},{"key":"4471_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kinoshita Y, Furukawa TA, Kinoshita K, Honyashiki M, Omori IM, Marshall M, et al. Supported employment for adults with severe mental illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(9):CD008297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008297.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008297.pub2"},{"key":"4471_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Crowther R, Marshall M, Bond GR, Huxley P. Vocational rehabilitation for people with severe mental illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; Available from: doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd003080.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd003080"},{"issue":"1","key":"4471_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300262","volume":"65","author":"T Marshall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marshall T, Goldberg RW, Braude L, Dougherty RH, Daniels AS, Ghose SS, et al. Supported employment: assessing the evidence. Psychiatr Serv. 2014;65(1):16\u201323.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"4471_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wpsyc.2012.01.005","volume":"11","author":"GR Bond","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bond GR, Drake RE, Becker DR. Generalizability of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model of supported employment outside the US. World Psychiatry. 2012;11(1):32\u20139.","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"4471_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.165092","volume":"209","author":"M Modini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Modini M, Tan L, Brinchmann B, Wang M-J, Killackey E, Glozier N, et al. Supported employment for people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis of the international evidence. Br J Psychiatry. 2016;209(1):14\u201322.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"4471_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brinchmann B, Widding-Havneraas T, Modini M, Rinaldi M, Moe CF, McDaid D, et al. A meta-regression of the impact of policy on the efficacy of individual placement and support. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.13129.","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13129"},{"issue":"1","key":"4471_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx132","volume":"44","author":"JD Metcalfe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Metcalfe JD, Drake RE, Bond GR. Economic, labor, and regulatory moderators of the effect of Individual Placement and Support among people with severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 2018;44(1):22\u201331.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"4471_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3109\/09638230903531100","volume":"19","author":"M Rinaldi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rinaldi M, Perkins R, McNeil K, Hickman N, Singh SP. The Individual Placement and Support approach to vocational rehabilitation for young people with first episode psychosis in the UK. J Ment Health. 2010;19(6):483\u201391.","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"4471_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hegelstad WTV, ten Velden Hegelstad W, Joa I, Heitmann L, Johannessen JO, Langeveld J. Job- and school prescription: a local adaptation to individual placement and support for first episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eip.12686.","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12686"},{"issue":"Suppl_1","key":"4471_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx021.132","volume":"43","author":"E Killackey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Killackey E, Cotton S. 93. Employment and education outcomes from a RCT of individual placement and support for young people with first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 2017;43(Suppl_1):S50\u20131.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"5","key":"4471_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796014000419","volume":"24","author":"GR Bond","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bond GR, Drake RE, Luciano A. Employment and educational outcomes in early intervention programmes for early psychosis: a systematic review. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2015;24(5):446\u201357.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"4471_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-014-9445-4","volume":"42","author":"ML Ellison","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ellison ML, Klodnick VV, Bond GR, Krzos IM, Kaiser SM, Fagan MA, et al. Adapting supported employment for emerging adults with serious mental health conditions. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2014;42(2):206\u201322.","journal-title":"J Behav Health Serv Res"},{"key":"4471_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7586","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586","volume":"346","author":"A-W Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan A-W, Tetzlaff JM, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Altman DG, Mann H, Berlin JA, et al. SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials. BMJ. 2013;346:e7586.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4471_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0591-1_23","volume-title":"Handbook of borderline personality disorder in children and adolescents","author":"AM Chanen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chanen AM, McCutcheon L, Kerr IB. HYPE: a cognitive analytic therapy-based prevention and early intervention programme for Borderline Personality Disorder. In: Handbook of borderline personality disorder in children and adolescents. New York: Springer; 2014. p. 361\u201383."},{"key":"4471_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryle A, Kerr IB. Introducing cognitive analytic therapy: principles and practice. Chichester: Wiley; 2003. p. 286.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470713587"},{"key":"4471_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drake RE, Bond GR, Becker DR. Individual placement and support: an evidence-based approach to supported employment. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 191.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199734016.001.0001"},{"issue":"6","key":"4471_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12344","volume":"11","author":"E Killackey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Killackey E, Allott K, Woodhead G, Connor S, Dragon S, Ring J. Individual placement and support, supported education in young people with mental illness: an exploratory feasibility study. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2017;11(6):526\u201331.","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"4471_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.152082","volume":"207","author":"T Burns","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burns T, Yeeles K, Langford O, Montes MV, Burgess J, Anderson C. A randomised controlled trial of time-limited individual placement and support: IPS-LITE trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2015;207(4):351\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"4471_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Killackey E, Allott K, Jackson HJ, Scutella R, Tseng Y-P, Borland J, et al. Individual placement and support for vocational recovery in first-episode psychosis: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2019;214(2):76\u201382.","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.191"},{"issue":"8","key":"4471_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201100476","volume":"63","author":"GR Bond","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bond GR, Peterson AE, Becker DR, Drake RE. Validation of the Revised Individual Placement and Support Fidelity Scale (IPS-25). Psychiatr Serv. 2012;63(8):758\u201363.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"4471_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-013-0036-x","volume":"7","author":"J Richardson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Richardson J, Iezzi A, Khan MA, Maxwell A. Validity and reliability of the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL)-8D Multi-Attribute Utility Instrument. Patient. 2013;7(1):85\u201396.","journal-title":"Patient"},{"issue":"1","key":"4471_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.17.1.45.24053","volume":"17","author":"A Arntz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arntz A, van den Hoorn M, Cornelis J, Verheul R, van den Bosch WMC, de Bie AJHT. Reliability and validity of the borderline personality disorder severity index. J Personal Disord. 2003;17(1):45\u201359.","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"key":"4471_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5\u00ae). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Pub; 2013. p. 991.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"9","key":"4471_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.9.1148","volume":"149","author":"HH Goldman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Goldman HH, Skodol AE, Lave TR. Revising axis V for DSM-IV: a review of measures of social functioning. Am J Psychiatry. 1992;149(9):1148\u201356.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"4471_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000173701","volume":"42","author":"M Bohus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bohus M, Kleindienst N, Limberger MF, Stieglitz R-D, Domsalla M, Chapman AL, et al. The short version of the Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23): development and initial data on psychometric properties. Psychopathology. 2009;42(1):32\u20139.","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"4471_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/2027.42\/146530","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975\u20132017: Volume I, secondary school students","author":"RA Miech","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miech RA, Johnston LD, O\u2019Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE, Patrick ME. Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975\u20132017: Volume I, secondary school students; 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3998\/2027.42\/146530."},{"issue":"5","key":"4471_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191115621793","volume":"24","author":"A Fossati","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fossati A, Somma A, Borroni S, Markon KE, Krueger RF. The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form: evidence for reliability and construct validity in a sample of community-dwelling Italian adolescents. Assessment. 2015;24(5):615\u201331.","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"4471_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e3282f2b4d6","volume":"23","author":"KH Sheehan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sheehan KH, Sheehan DV. Assessing treatment effects in clinical trials with the discan metric of the Sheehan Disability Scale. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;23(2):70\u201383.","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4471_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58001-x","volume":"10","author":"J Ooi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ooi J, Michael J, Lemola S, Butterfill S, Siew CSQ, Walasek L. Interpersonal functioning in borderline personality disorder traits: a social media perspective. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1068.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4471_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9507.00187","volume":"11","author":"JR Linder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Linder JR, Crick NR, Andrew Collins W. Relational aggression and victimization in young adults\u2019 romantic relationships: associations with perceptions of parent, peer, and romantic relationship quality. Soc Dev. 2002;11(1):69\u201386.","journal-title":"Soc Dev"},{"issue":"06","key":"4471_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.048934","volume":"193","author":"AM Chanen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chanen AM, Jackson HJ, McCutcheon LK, Jovev M, Dudgeon P, Yuen HP, et al. Early intervention for adolescents with borderline personality disorder using cognitive analytic therapy: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;193(06):477\u201384.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"4471_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-1001-x","volume":"16","author":"A Chanen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chanen A, Jackson H, Cotton SM, Gleeson J, Davey CG, Betts J, et al. Comparing three forms of early intervention for youth with borderline personality disorder (the MOBY study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2015;16:476.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"7693","key":"4471_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25770","volume":"554","author":"RE Dahl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dahl RE, Allen NB, Wilbrecht L, Suleiman AB. Importance of investing in adolescence from a developmental science perspective. Nature. 2018;554(7693):441\u201350.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"4471_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(18)30022-1","volume":"2","author":"SM Sawyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sawyer SM, Azzopardi PS, Wickremarathne D, Patton GC. The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018;2(3):223\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"4471_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12091","volume":"6","author":"P Ennals","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ennals P, Fossey EM, Harvey CA, Killackey E. Postsecondary education: kindling opportunities for people with mental illness. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2013;6(2):115\u20139.","journal-title":"Asia Pac Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-020-04471-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-020-04471-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-020-04471-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T00:01:23Z","timestamp":1624665683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-020-04471-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-020-04471-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Melbourne Health Human Ethics Research Committee (HREC\/18\/MH\/257) in August 2018. Informed consent will be obtained from all study participants, and their legal parent\/guardian where indicated.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"583"}}