{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T17:41:28Z","timestamp":1780335688066,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Appropriate pain management is essential to improve the postoperative recovery after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Various case reports have indicated that anterior quadratus lumborum block (QLB) provides effective postoperative analgesia in lower limb surgeries. However, few randomized controlled trials have confirmed the efficacy of anterior QLB for lower limb surgeries. The aim of this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial is to confirm the efficacy of anterior QLB for postoperative recovery after THA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The participants will be randomly assigned to either the anterior QLB or placebo groups, using a set of random numbers for the allocation sequence. Only pharmacists will be aware of the allocations; other investigators will be blinded until study completion. After induction of general anesthesia, anterior QLB will be performed by using 0.25% levobupivacaine or normal saline. Fentanyl will be administered according to blood pressure change during the surgery. The primary outcome will be the quality of recovery 40 score (QoR-40). Secondary outcomes will include the visual analog scale score of pain intensity at rest and movement, intraoperative and postoperative doses of fentanyl, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Statistical analysis will be performed by using the Student\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, and Fisher\u2019s exact test as appropriate. A\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0value of less than\u00a00.05 will be considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of our study will reveal whether anterior QLB is effective for postoperative recovery after THA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      UMIN Clinical Trials Registry,\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/upload.umin.ac.jp\/cgi-open-bin\/ctr\/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000036231\">UMIN000032255<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . Registered on 15 April 2018.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-4090-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T10:03:39Z","timestamp":1580897019000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Anterior quadratus lumborum block for postoperative recovery after total hip arthroplasty: a study protocol for a single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Masaru","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0613-511X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Mihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahisa","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"4090_CR1","volume-title":"Clinical practice guideline on the management of osteoarthritis of the hip","author":"Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA)","year":"2016","unstructured":"Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA). 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Informed consent will be obtained from all participants in this trial the day before surgery. Patients will be seen at least one\u2009day before the scheduled surgery to allow the patient some time to think about the trial. Patient autonomy and freedom will be respected and maintained. To ensure the quality of the explanation about the study and to answer any queries, only the research coordinator will initially meet with the patients. The consent form explains in detail the objective of the project, the risks, the advantages, and the time implications. The patients will be reminded that consent to participate in the trial will not affect the professionalism and the quality of care they receive. The patients will also be assured that they can withdraw consent at any time without being questioned. If consent is obtained, the recruiter will make sure the patient signs the consent form. If consent is not obtained, the patient will receive standard anesthesia (general anesthesia alone or in combination with FNB).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The pictures or movies of anterior QLB will be used to confirm the quality of our block procedures. Therefore, written consent for publication will be obtained from all participants using our trial documents.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"142"}}