{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T18:18:59Z","timestamp":1794507539338,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and disabling neurological disease among young people. One of the major complaints in patients with multiple sclerosis (PWMS) is falling. There are a number of factors that risk factors for falling, including balance disorder and spasticity. Core stability (CS) exercises such as trunk muscle strengthening exercises can improve balance and mobility and reduce falling. Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) exercise is a new functional rehabilitation strategy that optimizes motor function based on the principles of developmental kinesiology. This trial will evaluate the effectiveness of DNS in comparison to CS on balance, spasticity, and falling in PWMS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 64 PWMS, between 30 and 50\u2009years old and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) between 2 to 5, will be recruited from neurophysiotherapy clinic, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences to participate in this 2-armed parallel study. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups to receive CS exercise or DNS exercise. All participants will receive exercise treatment for 15 sessions during a period of 5\u2009weeks (3 sessions per week). Primary outcome measures will be balance. Falling rate, fear of falling, patient mobility, as well as spasticity, will be measured as secondary outcomes. All outcome measures will be measured at baseline, the day after the completion of the 15th session, and after 17\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Dynamic neurostabilization exercises utilize the subconscious stimulation of special zones to reflexively mediate the diaphragm and other core stabilization muscles, which is extremely effective for individuals with reduced somatosensory or movement awareness. Findings from the proposed study are expected to benefit the knowledge base of the physiotherapist, and it can be a good alternative for the rehabilitation program and even reduce medication use in patients with multiple sclerosis. These exercises are easy to understand and applicable for these patients and their partners as well.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The trial was registered in the Iran registry organization with code <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.irct.ir\/search\/result?query=IRCT20140222016680N5\">IRCT20140222016680N5<\/jats:ext-link> and was approved on April 7<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>, 2020. Address: IRCT administration team, Central Library Building, Iran University Campus, Hemmat Freeway, next to Milad tower, Tehran, Iran. postal code:14496-14535.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06015-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T12:03:39Z","timestamp":1642766619000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effect of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization on balance and trunk function in people with multiple sclerosis: protocol for a randomized control trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Laleh","family":"Abadi Marand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8787-1209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shohreh","family":"Noorizadeh Dehkordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahtab","family":"Roohi-Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Dadgoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6015_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13819","volume":"26","author":"R Dobson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dobson R, Giovannoni G. 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The approval number is IR.IUMS.REC.1398.1358 on 15th March 2020. The treatment provider (LA) obtains informed consent which will be signed and dated prior to any study-related procedures from each participant. Written consent to participate in the study is taken at the beginning of treatment sessions. Participants are able to withdraw from the trial at any time, and they will be assured that their personal information will remain confidential. Participants\u2019 names will not be mentioned in the research process and they will be recognized by their own codes. Results will be presented at scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed publications.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"69"}}