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The objective was to determine whether administering remifentanil-propofol combined with dexmedetomidine during general anesthesia would decrease the incidence and severity of postoperative emergence agitation, anxiety, and depression without affecting cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 120 elderly patients scheduled for ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy were randomly allocated to the PR group and administered normal saline, and the PRD group was administered dexmedetomidine 0.4\u2009\u03bcg kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      h\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      intravenously after the induction of anesthesia and stopped 30\u2009min before the end of surgery. The primary outcome was the Mini-Mental State Examination score. The secondary outcomes were the Richmond Agitation Sedation, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale scores; the memory span for Arabic numerals; the duration of surgery; and the time to spontaneous respiration, recovery, and extubation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The MMSE scores were lower at T\n                      <jats:sub>1\u20132<\/jats:sub>\n                      in the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001). The dosage of propofol and remifentanil decreased more significantly in the PRD group than in the PR group (\n                      <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001). Both the RASS scores and the incidence of emergence agitation (EA) in the PRD group were significantly lower than those in the PR group at t\n                      <jats:sub>1\u20133<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001). Compared to the PR group, the ZSDS scores and STAI scores at T\n                      <jats:sub>1\u20132<\/jats:sub>\n                      were lower in the PRD group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.005). The number of the Arabic numbers that were accurately recalled from memory was lower at T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      in the PR group than in the PRD group (\n                      <jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dexmedetomidine administration has no influence on postoperative cognitive dysfunction but could reduce both the dosage of remifentanil and propofol needed during ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy and the incidence and severity of postoperative emergence agitation, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chinese Clinical Trial Registry\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn\/ChiCTR1900021254\">ChiCTR1900021254<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . Registered on 3 February 2019\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06121-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T09:04:43Z","timestamp":1646298283000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The effects of remifentanil-propofol combined with dexmedetomidine on cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fangjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongchun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao Pei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"6121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00839","volume":"8","author":"JH Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee JH, Kam EH, Kim SY, Cheon SY, Kim EJ, Chung S, et al. 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