{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T02:19:37Z","timestamp":1777515577787,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NF-SI-0617-10030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NF-SI-0617-10030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Tinnitus is the awareness of a sound in the ear or head in the absence of an external source. It affects around 10\u201315% of people and current treatment options are limited. Experimental treatments include various forms of electrical stimulation of the brain. Currently, there is no consensus on the outcomes that should be measured when investigating the efficacy of this type of intervention for tinnitus. This study seeks to address this by establishing a Core Domain Set: a common standard of what specific tinnitus-related complaints are critical and important to assess in all clinical trials of electrical stimulation-based interventions for tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A two-round online survey will be conducted, followed by a stakeholder consensus meeting to identify a Core Domain Set. Participants will belong to one of two stakeholder groups: healthcare users with lived experience of tinnitus, and professionals with relevant clinical, commercial, or research experience.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study will establish a Core Domain Set for the evaluation of electrical stimulation-based interventions for tinnitus via an e-Delphi study. The resulting Core Domain Set will act as a minimum standard for reporting in future clinical trials of electrical stimulation interventions for tinnitus. Standardisation will facilitate comparability of research findings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-07020-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T04:35:39Z","timestamp":1671597339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Establishing a Core Domain Set for early-phase clinical trials of electrical stimulation interventions for tinnitus in adults: protocol for an online Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3999-4562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bas","family":"Labree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek J.","family":"Hoare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Fackrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Gascoyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Sereda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"7020_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90031-9","volume":"8","author":"PJ Jastreboff","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jastreboff PJ. Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): mechanisms of generation and perception. Neurosci Res. 1990;8(4):221\u201354.","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"7020_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biswas R, Lugo A, Akeroyd M, Schlee W, Gallus S, Hall D. Tinnitus in Europe: a multi-country cross-sectional population study. Lancet Regional Health Europe. 2021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100250"},{"issue":"5","key":"7020_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000045","volume":"35","author":"CE Hoekstra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoekstra CE, Wesdorp FM, van Zanten GA. Socio-demographic, health, and tinnitus related variables affecting tinnitus severity. Ear Hear. 2014;35(5):544\u201354.","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"3","key":"7020_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5503.439","volume":"55","author":"J Stouffer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Stouffer J, Tyler RS. 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This study is sponsored by the University of Nottingham (contact: Angela Shone ).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1039"}}