{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:40:12Z","timestamp":1787020812386,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009780","name":"Region Sk\u00e5ne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003252","name":"Lund University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-traumatic wrist osteoarthritis (OA) can eventually lead to pain, muscular weakness, and stiffness of the wrist, which can affect the function of the entire upper limb and reduce the quality of life. Although there is strong evidence that all patients with OA should be offered adequate education and exercises as a first-line treatment, an effective self-management program, including structured education and therapeutic exercises, has not yet been introduced for individuals with wrist OA. This trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an exercise therapy program with joint protective strategies to improve neuromuscular control (intervention group) compared to a training program with range of motion exercises (control group).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two treatment arms in patients with symptomatic and radiographically confirmed wrist OA. The trial will be conducted at a hand surgery department. The participants will be randomly assigned either to a neuromuscular exercise therapy program or to a training program with range of motion exercises only. Participants in both groups will receive a wrist orthosis and structured education on wrist anatomy, pathophysiology, and joint protective self-management strategies. The programs consist of home exercises that will be performed twice a day for 12\u00a0weeks. The Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) is the primary outcome measure of pain and function. Wrist range of motion (ROM), grip strength, the Numeric Pain Rating scale (NPRS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Global Rating of Change (GROC), and conversion to surgery are the secondary measures of outcome. Assessments will be performed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12\u00a0months after baseline by a blinded assessor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The upcoming results from this trial may add new knowledge about the effectiveness of a self-managed exercise therapy program on pain and function for individuals with wrist OA. If the present self-management program proves to be effective, it can redefine current treatment strategies and may be implemented in wrist OA treatment protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05367817. Retrospectively registered on 27 April 2022.\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07668-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T11:01:33Z","timestamp":1696244493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A self-managed exercise therapy program for wrist osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1188-7762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara L.","family":"Larsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Ekstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars B.","family":"Dahlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Bj\u00f6rkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Brogren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"7668_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.07.019","volume":"34","author":"Y Kijima","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kijima Y, Viegas SF. Wrist anatomy and biomechanics. J Hand Surg Am. 2009;34(8):1555\u201363.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"7668_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.150078","volume":"70","author":"IK Haugen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haugen IK, Englund M, Aliabadi P, Niu J, Clancy M, Kvien TK, et al. Prevalence, incidence and progression of hand osteoarthritis in the general population: the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(9):1581\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"7668_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90048-0","volume":"41","author":"WJ Butler","year":"1988","unstructured":"Butler WJ, Hawthorne VM, Mikkelsen WM, Carman WJ, Bouthillier DL, Lamphiear DE, et al. Prevalence of radiologically defined osteoarthritis in the finger and wrist joints of adult residents of Tecumseh, Michigan, 1962\u201365. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41(5):467\u201373.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"7668_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2014.06.025","volume":"101","author":"J Laulan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Laulan J, Marteau E, Bacle G. Wrist osteoarthritis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2015;101(1 Suppl):S1\u20139.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(87)80198-3","volume":"12","author":"MI Vender","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vender MI, Watson HK, Wiener BD, Black DM. Degenerative change in symptomatic scaphoid nonunion. J Hand Surg Am. 1987;12(4):514\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"7668_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(84)80223-3","volume":"9","author":"HK Watson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Watson HK, Ballet FL. The SLAC wrist: scapholunate advanced collapse pattern of degenerative arthritis. J Hand Surg Am. 1984;9(3):358\u201365.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"7668_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.02.003","volume":"32","author":"KE Weiss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weiss KE, Rodner CM. Osteoarthritis of the wrist. J Hand Surg Am. 2007;32(5):725\u201346.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2020.10.004","volume":"35","author":"S Larsson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Larsson S, Carlsson IK, Rosberg HE, Bjorkman A, Brogren E. Patients\u2019 experiences before and after total wrist fusion or total wrist arthroplasty: a qualitative study of patients with wrist osteoarthritis. J Hand Ther. 2022;35(1):41\u201350.","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.2174\/157339712805077122","volume":"8","author":"E Hagert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hagert E, Mobargha N. The role of proprioception in osteoarthritis of the hand and wrist. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2012;8(4):278\u201384.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"7668_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70068-5","volume":"25","author":"MV Hurley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hurley MV. The role of muscle weakness in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1999;25(2):283\u201398 vi.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"7668_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000438463.90968.d6","volume":"133","author":"C Cayci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cayci C, Carlsen BT. Osteoarthritis of the wrist. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014;133(3):605\u201315.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000030","volume":"43","author":"E Ageberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ageberg E, Roos EM. Neuromuscular exercise as treatment of degenerative knee disease. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2015;43(1):14\u201322.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"7668_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011","volume":"27","author":"RR Bannuru","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE, Arden NK, Bennell K, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019;27(11):1578\u201389.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"24","key":"7668_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095424","volume":"49","author":"M Fransen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fransen M, McConnell S, Harmer AR, Van der Esch M, Simic M, Bennell KL. Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee: a Cochrane systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(24):1554\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"7668_CR15","first-page":"CD007912","volume":"4","author":"M Fransen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fransen M, McConnell S, Hernandez-Molina G, Reichenbach S. Exercise for osteoarthritis of the hip. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;4:CD007912.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"7668_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1085","volume":"13","author":"CA Thorstensson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thorstensson CA, Garellick G, Rystedt H, Dahlberg LE. Better management of patients with osteoarthritis: development and nationwide implementation of an evidence-based supported osteoarthritis self-management programme. Musculoskeletal Care. 2015;13(2):67\u201375.","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"7668_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202745","volume":"72","author":"L Fernandes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fernandes L, Hagen KB, Bijlsma JW, Andreassen O, Christensen P, Conaghan PG, et al. EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological core management of hip and knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(7):1125\u201335.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"7668_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(96)80076-7","volume":"9","author":"JC MacDermid","year":"1996","unstructured":"MacDermid JC. Development of a scale for patient rating of wrist pain and disability. J Hand Ther. 1996;9(2):178\u201383.","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"7668_CR19","volume":"346","author":"AW Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan AW, Tetzlaff JM, Gotzsche PC, Altman DG, Mann H, Berlin JA, et al. SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials. BMJ. 2013;346: e7586.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"7668_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4376-9","volume":"473","author":"MM Walenkamp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walenkamp MM, de Muinck Keizer RJ, Goslings JC, Vos LM, Rosenwasser MP, Schep NW. The minimum clinically important difference of the patient-rated wrist evaluation score for patients with distal radius fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(10):3235\u201341.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.12.032","volume":"38","author":"AA Sorensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sorensen AA, Howard D, Tan WH, Ketchersid J, Calfee RP. Minimal clinically important differences of 3 patient-rated outcomes instruments. J Hand Surg Am. 2013;38(4):641\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"7668_CR22","first-page":"16","volume":"6","author":"A Videler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Videler A. An exercise program for the chronically painful wrist. IFSSH Ezine. 2016;6:16\u201320.","journal-title":"IFSSH Ezine"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"7668_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000270","volume":"83","author":"P Bawa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bawa P, Chalmers GR, Jones KE, Sogaard K, Walsh ML. Control of the wrist joint in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;83(2\u20133):116\u201327.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2009.09.008","volume":"23","author":"E Hagert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hagert E. Proprioception of the wrist joint: a review of current concepts and possible implications on the rehabilitation of the wrist. J Hand Ther. 2010;23(1):2\u201317.","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2018.11.002","volume":"33","author":"FJB Lotters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lotters FJB, Schreuders TAR, Videler AJ. SMoC-Wrist: a sensorimotor control-based exercise program for patients with chronic wrist pain. J Hand Ther. 2020;33(4):607\u201315.","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"7668_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2015.12.003","volume":"29","author":"C Karagiannopoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karagiannopoulos C, Michlovitz S. Rehabilitation strategies for wrist sensorimotor control impairment: From theory to practice. J Hand Ther. 2016;29(2):154\u201365.","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05511-6","volume":"23","author":"SL Larsson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Larsson SL, Brogren E, Dahlin LB, Bjorkman A, Ekstrand E. Psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in wrist osteoarthritis: test-retest reliability and construct validity. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):558.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"7668_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1080\/02844310902734598","volume":"43","author":"MT Wilcke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilcke MT, Abbaszadegan H, Adolphson PY. Evaluation of a Swedish version of the patient-rated wrist evaluation outcome questionnaire: good responsiveness, validity, and reliability, in 99 patients recovering from a fracture of the distal radius. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 2009;43(2):94\u2013101.","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7668_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(84)80146-X","volume":"9","author":"V Mathiowetz","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mathiowetz V, Weber K, Volland G, Kashman N. Reliability and validity of grip and pinch strength evaluations. J Hand Surg Am. 1984;9(2):222\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"7668_CR30","unstructured":"National Quality Registry for Hand Surgery in Sweden. National manual for measuring motion and strength in the elbow, forearm, and hand. Available from: https:\/\/hakir.se\/national-manual."},{"key":"7668_CR31","volume-title":"Measurement of joint motion. A Guide to Goniometry","author":"C Norkin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Norkin C, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion. A Guide to Goniometry. 4th ed. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company; 2009.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.44.4.342","volume":"44","author":"MM Horger","year":"1990","unstructured":"Horger MM. The reliability of goniometric measurements of active and passive wrist motions. Am J Occup Ther. 1990;44(4):342\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"7668_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2005.01121.x","volume":"14","author":"A Williamson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs. 2005;14(7):798\u2013804.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"7668_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199606)29:6<602::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"29","author":"PL Hudak","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hudak PL, Amadio PC, Bombardier C. Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand) [corrected]. The Upper Extremity Collaborative Group (UECG). Am J Ind Med. 1996;29(6):602\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"7668_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1080\/000164700317362262","volume":"71","author":"I Atroshi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Atroshi I, Gummesson C, Andersson B, Dahlgren E, Johansson A. The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) outcome questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Swedish version evaluated in 176 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 2000;71(6):613\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"7668_CR36","volume-title":"Measures in health psychology: a user\u2019s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs","author":"R Schwarzer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M, Weinman J, Wright S, Johnston M. Measures in health psychology: a user\u2019s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs. Windsor, UK: NFER-NELSON; 1995."},{"issue":"7","key":"7668_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-0030-5","volume":"21","author":"J Love","year":"2012","unstructured":"Love J, Moore CD, Hensing G. Validation of the Swedish translation of the general self-efficacy scale. Qual Life Res. 2012;21(7):1249\u201353.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"7668_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1179\/jmt.2009.17.3.163","volume":"17","author":"SJ Kamper","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kamper SJ, Maher CG, Mackay G. Global rating of change scales: a review of strengths and weaknesses and considerations for design. J Man Manip Ther. 2009;17(3):163\u201370.","journal-title":"J Man Manip Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2012-53","volume":"65","author":"C Napier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Napier C, McCormack RG, Hunt MA, Brooks-Hill A. A physiotherapy triage service for orthopaedic surgery: an effective strategy for reducing wait times. Physiother Can. 2013;65(4):358\u201363.","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0442-1","volume":"17","author":"JC Jakobsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jakobsen JC, Gluud C, Wetterslev J, Winkel P. When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials - a practical guide with flowcharts. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017;17(1):162.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"9605","key":"7668_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61879-0","volume":"370","author":"LS Lohmander","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lohmander LS, Roos EM. Clinical update: treating osteoarthritis. Lancet. 2007;370(9605):2082\u20134.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"7668_CR42","first-page":"1","volume":"18","author":"QO Health","year":"2018","unstructured":"Health QO. Structured education and neuromuscular exercise program for hip and\/or knee osteoarthritis: a health technology assessment. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser. 2018;18(8):1\u2013110.","journal-title":"Ont Health Technol Assess Ser"},{"issue":"7","key":"7668_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2016.04.017","volume":"120","author":"JM Sutherland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sutherland JM, Crump RT, Chan A, Liu G, Yue E, Bair M. Health of patients on the waiting list: opportunity to improve health in Canada? Health Policy. 2016;120(7):749\u201357.","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213826","volume":"78","author":"M Kloppenburg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kloppenburg M, Kroon FP, Blanco FJ, Doherty M, Dziedzic KS, Greibrokk E, et al. 2018 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(1):16\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1439-y","volume":"18","author":"ST Skou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Skou ST, Roos EM. Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D): evidence-based education and supervised neuromuscular exercise delivered by certified physiotherapists nationwide. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1):72.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"7668_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170424","volume":"44","author":"N Osteras","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osteras N, Kjeken I, Smedslund G, Moe RH, Slatkowsky-Christensen B, Uhlig T, et al. Exercise for hand osteoarthritis: a cochrane systematic review. J Rheumatol. 2017;44(12):1850\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.195","volume":"7","author":"EM Roos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roos EM, Herzog W, Block JA, Bennell KL. Muscle weakness, afferent sensory dysfunction and exercise in knee osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011;7(1):57\u201363.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7668_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20642","volume":"64","author":"MV Hurley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hurley MV, Walsh NE, Mitchell H, Nicholas J, Patel A. Long-term outcomes and costs of an integrated rehabilitation program for chronic knee pain: a pragmatic, cluster randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(2):238\u201347.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"9","key":"7668_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.04.021","volume":"23","author":"ST Skou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Skou ST, Rasmussen S, Laursen MB, Rathleff MS, Arendt-Nielsen L, Simonsen O, et al. The efficacy of 12 weeks non-surgical treatment for patients not eligible for total knee replacement: a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015;23(9):1465\u201375.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"3","key":"7668_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2014.08.0199","volume":"52","author":"FS da Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"da Silva FS, de Melo FE, do Amara MM, Caldas VV, Pinheiro IL, Abreu BJ, et al. Efficacy of simple integrated group rehabilitation program for patients with knee osteoarthritis: single-blind randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2015;52(3):309\u201322.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203628","volume":"74","author":"I Svege","year":"2015","unstructured":"Svege I, Nordsletten L, Fernandes L, Risberg MA. Exercise therapy may postpone total hip replacement surgery in patients with hip osteoarthritis: a long-term follow-up of a randomised trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(1):164\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2014.07.002","volume":"27","author":"K Valdes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valdes K, Naughton N, Algar L. Sensorimotor interventions and assessments for the hand and wrist: a scoping review. J Hand Ther. 2014;27(4):272\u201385 quiz 86.","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"7668_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2016.03.008","volume":"29","author":"OL Hincapie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hincapie OL, Elkins JS, Vasquez-Welsh L. Proprioception retraining for a patient with chronic wrist pain secondary to ligament injury with no structural instability. J Hand Ther. 2016;29(2):183\u201390.","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"7668_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2018.04.003","volume":"32","author":"Z Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Z. A novel staged wrist sensorimotor rehabilitation program for a patient with triangular fibrocartilage complex injury: a case report. J Hand Ther. 2019;32(4):525\u201334.","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"7668_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1612594","volume":"7","author":"MAM Mulders","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mulders MAM, Sulkers GSI, Videler AJ, Strackee SD, Smeulders MJC. Long-term functional results of a wrist exercise program for patients with palmar midcarpal instability. J Wrist Surg. 2018;7(3):211\u20138.","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7668_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2020.11.002","volume":"35","author":"Z Milner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Milner Z, Klaic M, Withiel T, O\u2019Sullivan H. Targeted sensorimotor retraining in the clinical setting: Improving patient outcomes following distal upper extremity injury. J Hand Ther. 2022;35(1):107\u201314.","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-023-07668-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-023-07668-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-023-07668-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T22:42:09Z","timestamp":1700260929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-023-07668-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-023-07668-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2747194\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This research trial is performed in accordance with the ethical guidelines stated in the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2019\u201302437). Prior to inclusion, information about the purpose of the trial will be provided, and each person will give their written informed consent to participate.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"628"}}