{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:50:49Z","timestamp":1787683849155,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005029","name":"Helse Vest Regionalt Helsef\u00f8retak","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005029","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Bergen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substance use disorder is associated with unhealthy lifestyle choices, resulting in adverse social and health consequences. People with opioid use disorder receiving opioid agonist therapy, in particular, have high morbidity and reduced quality of life. Physical activity is recommended as an adjunctive treatment for people with substance use disorder, but there is minimal evidence from randomized controlled trials on the effects of this among people with substance use disorder receiving opioid agonist therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BAReAktiv is a multicentre randomized controlled trial. The study aims to recruit 324 patients receiving opioid agonist therapy (parallel groups randomized 1:1 to integrated exercise intervention or control, superiority trial). A 16-week group-based integrated exercise intervention with workouts twice a week. The exercise program consists of endurance and resistance training. The target group will be patients 18\u00a0years and older receiving opioid agonist therapy in outpatient clinics in several centers in Western Norway. The primary outcome of the study is the effect on psychological distress measured by Hopkins\u2019 symptom checklist with ten items. Secondary outcome measures include physical functioning assessed with a 4-min step test, activity level, fatigue symptoms, quality of life, and changes in inflammation markers. This study will provide improved knowledge on the effects of an integrated exercise program in opioid agonist therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematically integrating exercise programs for people receiving opioid agonist therapy could lead to a shift towards a stronger focus on health behaviors in outpatient care. Integrating exercise could benefit patient recovery and reduce disease burden. Further scale-up will be considered if the provided exercise program is safe and effective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05242848. Registered on February 16, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-07993-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T09:02:29Z","timestamp":1709197349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Integrated exercise program in opioid agonist therapy clinics and effect on psychological distress: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (BAReAktiv)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6977-013X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Einar","family":"Furulund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tesfaye","family":"Madebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl Trygve","family":"Druckrey-Fiskaaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rn Henrik","family":"Vold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette Hegland","family":"Nordbotn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eivin","family":"Dahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindre M.","family":"Dyrstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torgeir Gilje","family":"Lid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars T.","family":"Fadnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the ATLAS4LAR study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibeke Br\u00e5then","family":"Buljovcic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Tore","family":"Daltveit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trude","family":"Fondenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Gundersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate Haga","family":"Trettenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siv-Elin Leirv\u00e5g","family":"Carlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Olsvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne Cook","family":"Pierron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Sundal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren Borsheim","family":"Bergsaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tone Lise","family":"Eielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torhild","family":"Fisk\u00e5","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Larssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eirik","family":"Holder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa Joanna","family":"Wilk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari Thoresen","family":"Soot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9810","key":"7993_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61138-0","volume":"379","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Degenhardt L, Hall W. Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease. Lancet. 2012;379(9810):55\u201370.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7993_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.006","volume":"179","author":"KD Jeynes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jeynes KD, Gibson EL. The importance of nutrition in aiding recovery from substance use disorders: a review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;179:229\u201339.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"9963","key":"7993_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2","volume":"385","author":"GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2015","unstructured":"GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;385(9963):117\u201371.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"7993_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-021-00354-1","volume":"16","author":"CF Aas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aas CF, Vold JH, Gjestad R, Skurtveit S, Lim AG, Gjerde KV, et al. Substance use and symptoms of mental health disorders: a prospective cohort of patients with severe substance use disorders in Norway. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2021;16(1):20.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"7993_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-020-00309-y","volume":"15","author":"CF Aas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aas CF, Vold JH, Skurtveit S, Lim AG, Ruths S, Islam K, et al. Health-related quality of life of long-term patients receiving opioid agonist therapy: a nested prospective cohort study in Norway. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2020;15(1):68.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"9904","key":"7993_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61530-5","volume":"382","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Degenhardt L, Whiteford HA, Ferrari AJ, Baxter AJ, Charlson FJ, Hall WD, et al. Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2013;382(9904):1564\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"7993_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110728","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110728","volume":"9","author":"D Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang D, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li R, Zhou C. Impact of physical exercise on substance use disorders: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e110728.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"7993_CR8","first-page":"126","volume":"100","author":"CJ Caspersen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126\u201331 (Washington, DC\u202f: 1974).","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"7993_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3680","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103680","volume":"17","author":"J Gim\u00e9nez-Meseguer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gim\u00e9nez-Meseguer J, Tortosa-Mart\u00ednez J, Cortell-Tormo JM. The benefits of physical exercise on mental disorders and quality of life in substance use disorders patients. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(10):3680.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"7993_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675285","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.675285","volume":"12","author":"DT Lardier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lardier DT, Coakley KE, Holladay KR, Amorim FT, Zuhl MN. Exercise as a useful intervention to reduce alcohol consumption and improve physical fitness in individuals with alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2021;12:675285.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7993_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-021-00354-1","volume":"16","author":"CF Aas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aas CF, Vold JH, Gjestad R, Skurtveit S, Lim AG, Gjerde KV, et al. Substance use and symptoms of mental health disorders: a prospective cohort of patients with severe substance use disorders in Norway. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2021;16(1):20.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"key":"7993_CR12","first-page":"117822182211118","volume":"16","author":"SE Alpers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alpers SE, Furulund E, Pallesen S, Mamen A, Dyrstad SM, Fadnes LT. The role of physical activity in opioid substitution therapy: a systematic review of interventional and observational studies. Subst Abuse. 2022;16:11782218221111840.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"7993_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2014.976708","volume":"41","author":"SE Linke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Linke SE, Ussher M. Exercise-based treatments for substance use disorders: evidence, theory, and practicality. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2015;41(1):7\u201315.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"issue":"8","key":"7993_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.06.011","volume":"37","author":"WJ Lynch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lynch WJ, Peterson AB, Sanchez V, Abel J, Smith MA. Exercise as a novel treatment for drug addiction: a neurobiological and stage-dependent hypothesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013;37(8):1622\u201344.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"7993_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117822182091888","DOI":"10.1177\/1178221820918885","volume":"14","author":"DE Jake-Schoffman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jake-Schoffman DE, Berry MS, Donahue ML, Christou DD, Dallery J, Rung JM. Aerobic exercise interventions for patients in opioid maintenance treatment: a systematic review. Subst Abuse Res Treat. 2020;14:1178221820918885.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Res Treat"},{"key":"7993_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2021.100419","volume":"21","author":"AM Abrantes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abrantes AM, Van Noppen D, Bailey G, Uebelacker LA, Buman M, Stein MD. A feasibility study of a peer-facilitated physical activity intervention in methadone maintenance. Ment Health Phys Act. 2021;21:100419.","journal-title":"Ment Health Phys Act"},{"key":"7993_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.012","volume":"76","author":"F Colledge","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colledge F, Vogel M, D\u00fcrsteler-Macfarland K, Strom J, Schoen S, P\u00fchse U, Gerber M. A pilot randomized trial of exercise as adjunct therapy in a heroin-assisted treatment setting. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2017;76:49\u201357.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"4","key":"7993_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.05.007","volume":"47","author":"CJ Cutter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cutter CJ, Schottenfeld RS, Moore BA, Ball SA, Beitel M, Savant JD, et al. A pilot trial of a videogame-based exercise program for methadone maintained patients. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2014;47(4):299\u2013305.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"12","key":"7993_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-965129","volume":"28","author":"F P\u00e9rez-Moreno","year":"2007","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Moreno F, C\u00e1mara-S\u00e1nchez M, Tremblay JF, Riera-Rubio VJ, Gil-Pais\u00e1n L, Lucia A. Benefits of exercise training in spanish prison inmates. Int J Sports Med. 2007;28(12):1046\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"7993_CR20","first-page":"57","volume":"3","author":"H Shaffer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shaffer H, LaSalvia T, Stein J. Comparing Hatha yoga with dynamic group psychotherapy for enhancing methadone maintenance treatment: a randomized clinical trial. Altern Ther Health Med. 1997;3:57\u201366.","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"7993_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2019.07.015","volume":"105","author":"LA Uebelacker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uebelacker LA, Van Noppen D, Tremont G, Bailey G, Abrantes A, Stein M. A pilot study assessing acceptability and feasibility of hatha yoga for chronic pain in people receiving opioid agonist therapy for opioid use disorder. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2019;105:19\u201327.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"7993_CR22","unstructured":"Hjellum K, W\u00e5de-Engelsen M. BrukerPlan 2015.\u00a0In: En kartlegging av kommunale tjenestemottakere over 18 \u00e5r med psykiske problem, rusrelaterte problem, eller samtidige rus- og psykiske problem (ROP). Bergen kommune; 2016."},{"issue":"6","key":"7993_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003653","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003653","volume":"18","author":"LT Fadnes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fadnes LT, Aas CF, Vold JH, Leiva RA, Ohldieck C, Chalabianloo F, et al. Integrated treatment of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (INTRO-HCV). PLoS Med. 2021;18(6):e1003653.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"7993_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqx063","volume":"67","author":"N Williams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Williams N. The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. Occup Med. 2017;67(5):404\u20135.","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"7993_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","volume":"54","author":"FC Bull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(24):1451.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"7993_CR26","volume-title":"Kols : nasjonal faglig retningslinje og veileder for forebygging, diagnostisering og oppf\u00f8lging","author":"A Gulsvik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gulsvik A. Kols\u202f: nasjonal faglig retningslinje og veileder for forebygging, diagnostisering og oppf\u00f8lging. Oslo: Helsedirektoratet; 2012."},{"issue":"2","key":"7993_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480310000932","volume":"57","author":"BH Strand","year":"2003","unstructured":"Strand BH, Dalgard OS, Tambs K, Rognerud M. Measuring the mental health status of the Norwegian population: a comparison of the instruments SCL-25, SCL-10, SCL-5 and MHI-5 (SF-36). Nord J Psychiatry. 2003;57(2):113\u20138.","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"7993_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06991","volume":"65","author":"EB Vieira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vieira EB, Degani-Costa LH, Amorim BC, Oliveira LB, Miranda-Silva T, Sperandio PC, et al. Modified BODE index to predict mortality in individuals with COPD: the role of 4-Min Step Test. Respir Care. 2020;65(7):977\u201383.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"7993_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-63","volume":"8","author":"N Kurtze","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kurtze N, Rangul V, Hustvedt B-E. Reliability and validity of the international physical activity questionnaire in the Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag health study (HUNT) population of men. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008;8(1):63.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7993_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-021-01708-w","volume":"19","author":"JH Vold","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vold JH, Gjestad R, Aas CF, Meland E, Johansson KA, Fadnes LT, for the I-HCVSG. Validation of a three-item Fatigue Severity Scale for patients with substance use disorder: a cohort study from Norway for the period 2016\u20132020. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2021;19(1):69.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"7993_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-0926-7","volume":"16","author":"J Peak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peak J, Goranitis I, Day E, Copello A, Freemantle N, Frew E. Predicting health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5 L) and capability wellbeing (ICECAP-A) in the context of opiate dependence using routine clinical outcome measures: CORE-OM, LDQ and TOP. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018;16(1):106.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"2","key":"7993_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.08.012","volume":"82","author":"BP van der Zanden","year":"2006","unstructured":"van der Zanden BP, Dijkgraaf MG, Blanken P, de Borgie CA, van Ree JM, van den Brink W. Validity of the EQ-5D as a generic health outcome instrument in a heroin-dependent population. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;82(2):111\u20138.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"9263","key":"7993_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04337-3","volume":"357","author":"D Moher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomised trials. Lancet. 2001;357(9263):1191\u20134.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7993_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j5085","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5085","volume":"359","author":"VA Welch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Welch VA, Norheim OF, Jull J, Cookson R, Sommerfelt H, Tugwell P. CONSORT-Equity 2017 extension and elaboration for better reporting of health equity in randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;359:j5085.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"7993_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7586","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e7586","volume":"346","author":"A-W Chan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan A-W, Tetzlaff JM, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Altman DG, Mann H, Berlin JA, et al. SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials. BMJ. 2013;346:e7586.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"7993_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(99)00032-X","volume":"21","author":"P Salmon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Salmon P. Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress: a unifying theory. Clin Psychol Rev. 2001;21(1):33\u201361.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"18","key":"7993_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100461","volume":"54","author":"A Niemeijer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Niemeijer A, Lund H, Stafne SN, Ipsen T, Goldschmidt CL, J\u00f8rgensen CT, Juhl CB. Adverse events of exercise therapy in randomised controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(18):1073\u201380.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"7993_CR38","unstructured":"EAEMP. European Agency for Evaluation of Medical products. Guidelines for clinical practice. Including errata. 2002.\u00a0www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/annual-report\/annual-report-european-agency-evaluation-medical-products-2002_en.pdf."},{"key":"7993_CR39","volume-title":"List of OECD series on principles on good laboratory practice and compliance monitoring (documents 1 to 13)","author":"OECD","year":"1998","unstructured":"OECD. List of OECD series on principles on good laboratory practice and compliance monitoring (documents 1 to 13). 1998."},{"issue":"4","key":"7993_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.10.002","volume":"44","author":"CM Caviness","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caviness CM, Bird JL, Anderson BJ, Abrantes AM, Stein MD. Minimum recommended physical activity, and perceived barriers and benefits of exercise in methadone maintained persons. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2013;44(4):457\u201362.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"4","key":"7993_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(01)00203-3","volume":"21","author":"JP Read","year":"2001","unstructured":"Read JP, Brown RA, Marcus BH, Kahler CW, Ramsey SE, Dubreuil ME, et al. Exercise attitudes and behaviors among persons in treatment for alcohol use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2001;21(4):199\u2013206.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"7993_CR42","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic-dialectical perspective. Handbook of self-determination research","author":"RM Ryan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ryan RM, Deci EL. Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic-dialectical perspective. Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press; 2002. p. 3\u201333."}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-024-07993-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-024-07993-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-024-07993-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T09:06:53Z","timestamp":1709197613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-024-07993-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["7993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-024-07993-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1693049\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable \u2014 no identifying images or other personal or clinical details of participants are presented here or will be presented in reports or the trial results. Informed consent for the study participation is available from the corresponding author on request.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate {32}"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests {28}"}}],"article-number":"155"}}