{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:07:50Z","timestamp":1775030870358,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["U24 OD024957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 OD024957"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024942"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024943"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024944"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024945"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024945"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024946"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024947"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024948"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD030016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD030016"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024950"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024951"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024951"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024952"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024953"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024954"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024955"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024956"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD024959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD024959"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["UG1 OD030019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 OD030019"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"NIGMS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P20GM130418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM130418"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Acute viral bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization of infants in the USA. Infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis are at high risk for recurrent respiratory symptoms and wheeze in the subsequent year, and longer-term adverse respiratory outcomes such as persistent childhood asthma. There are no effective secondary prevention strategies. Multiple factors, including air pollutant exposure, contribute to risk of adverse respiratory outcomes in these infants. Improvement in indoor air quality following hospitalization for bronchiolitis may be a prevention opportunity to reduce symptom burden. Use of stand-alone high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration units is a simple method to reduce particulate matter\u2009\u2264\u20092.5\u00a0\u00b5m in diameter (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>), a common component of household air pollution that is strongly linked to health effects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>BREATHE is a multi-center, parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Two hundred twenty-eight children\u2009&lt;\u200912\u00a0months of age hospitalized for the first time with bronchiolitis will participate. Children will be randomized 1:1 to receive a 24-week home intervention with filtration units containing HEPA and carbon filters (in the child\u2019s sleep space and a common room) or to a control group with units that do not contain HEPA and carbon filters. The primary objective is to determine if use of HEPA filtration units reduces respiratory symptom burden for 24\u00a0weeks compared to use of control units. Secondary objectives are to assess the efficacy of the HEPA intervention relative to control on (1) number of unscheduled healthcare visits for respiratory complaints, (2) child quality of life, and (3) average PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> levels in the home.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We propose to test the use of HEPA filtration to improve indoor air quality as a strategy to reduce post-bronchiolitis respiratory symptom burden in at-risk infants with severe bronchiolitis. If the intervention proves successful, this trial will support use of HEPA filtration for children with bronchiolitis to reduce respiratory symptom burden following hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>NCT05615870.\u00a0Registered on November 14, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-08012-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:09:07Z","timestamp":1710911347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bronchiolitis recovery and the use of High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters (The BREATHE Study): study protocol for a multi-center, parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8204-5680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Cowan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin O.","family":"Semmens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeannette Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ethan S.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosalyn","family":"Singleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara McClure","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Faiella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurie","family":"Chassereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lora","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Baldner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Annett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheva K.","family":"Chervinskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Snowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"8012_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20192614","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-2614","volume":"144","author":"M Fujiogi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujiogi M, Goto T, Yasunaga H, Fujishiro J, Mansbach JM, Camargo CA Jr, Hasegawa K. Trends in bronchiolitis hospitalizations in the United States: 2000\u20132016. Pediatrics. 2019;144(6):e20192614.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"8012_CR2","volume-title":"Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP) statistical briefs","author":"A Pfuntner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pfuntner A, Wier LM, Stocks C. Most frequent conditions in U.S. hospitals, 2010: statistical brief #148. 2013 Jan. In: Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP) statistical briefs. Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2006."},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1413456","volume":"374","author":"HC Meissner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Meissner HC. Viral bronchiolitis in children. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(1):62\u201372.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3877","volume":"132","author":"K Hasegawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hasegawa K, Tsugawa Y, Brown DF, Mansbach JM, Camargo CA Jr. Trends in bronchiolitis hospitalizations in the United States, 2000\u20132009. Pediatrics. 2013;132(1):28\u201336.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"8012_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200706-910OC","volume":"178","author":"H Bisgaard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bisgaard H, Flores-Nunez A, Goh A, Azimi P, Halkas A, Malice MP, Marchal JL, Dass SB, Reiss TF, Knorr BA. Study of montelukast for the treatment of respiratory symptoms of post-respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178(8):854\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"8012_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70316-6","volume":"132","author":"H Richter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Richter H, Seddon P. Early nebulized budesonide in the treatment of bronchiolitis and the prevention of postbronchiolitic wheezing. J Pediatr. 1998;132(5):849\u201353.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.80.4.343","volume":"80","author":"GF Fox","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fox GF, Everard ML, Marsh MJ, Milner AD. Randomised controlled trial of budesonide for the prevention of post-bronchiolitis wheezing. Arch Dis Child. 1999;80(4):343\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"2","key":"8012_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.04.019","volume":"154","author":"AB Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang AB, Oppenheimer JJ, Rubin BK, Weinberger M, Irwin RS, CHEST Expert Cough Panel. Chronic Cough Related to Acute Viral Bronchiolitis in Children: CHEST Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2018;154(2):378\u201382.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18657","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018657","volume":"99","author":"Z Cai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cai Z, Lin Y, Liang J. Efficacy of salbutamol in the treatment of infants with bronchiolitis: A meta-analysis of 13 studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(4):e18657.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"12","key":"8012_CR10","first-page":"CD006458","volume":"12","author":"L Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang L, Mendoza-Sassi RA, Wainwright C, Klassen TP. Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;12(12):CD006458.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"8012_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e171333","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1333","volume":"171","author":"F Angoulvant","year":"2017","unstructured":"Angoulvant F, Bell\u00eattre X, Milcent K, Teglas JP, Claudet I, Le Guen CG, de Pontual L, Minodier P, Dubos F, Brouard J, Soussan-Banini V, Degas-Bussiere V, Gatin A, Schweitzer C, Epaud R, Ryckewaert A, Cros P, Marot Y, Flahaut P, Saunier P, Babe P, Patteau G, Delebarre M, Titomanlio L, Vrignaud B, Trieu TV, Tahir A, Regnard D, Micheau P, Charara O, Henry S, Ploin D, Panjo H, Vabret A, Bouyer J, Gajdos V, Efficacy of 3% Hypertonic Saline in Acute Viral Bronchiolitis (GUERANDE) Study Group. Effect of nebulized hypertonic saline treatment in emergency departments on the hospitalization rate for acute bronchiolitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(8):e171333.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"8012_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD001266","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001266.pub4","volume":"2014","author":"AM Gadomski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gadomski AM, Scribani MB. Bronchodilators for bronchiolitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(6):CD001266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001266.pub4.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2318","volume":"10","author":"JM Mansbach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mansbach JM, Clark S, Piedra PA, Macias CG, Schroeder AR, Pate BM, Sullivan AF, Espinola JA, Camargo CA Jr, MARC-30 Investigators. Hospital course and discharge criteria for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. J Hosp Med. 2015;10(4):205\u201311.","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"8012_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.8.1060","volume":"81","author":"JJ Jaakkola","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jaakkola JJ, Paunio M, Virtanen M, Heinonen OP. Low-level air pollution and upper respiratory infections in children. Am J Public Health. 1991;81(8):1060\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.1.42","volume":"145","author":"C Braun-Fahrl\u00e4nder","year":"1992","unstructured":"Braun-Fahrl\u00e4nder C, Ackermann-Liebrich U, Schwartz J, Gnehm HP, Rutishauser M, Wanner HU. Air pollution and respiratory symptoms in preschool children. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;145(1):42\u20137.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"8012_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00083406","volume":"29","author":"M Brauer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brauer M, Hoek G, Smit HA, de Jongste JC, Gerritsen J, Postma DS, Kerkhof M, Brunekreef B. Air pollution and development of asthma, allergy and infections in a birth cohort. Eur Respir J. 2007;29(5):879\u201388.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"8012_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.S3.1037","volume":"113","author":"J Schwartz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schwartz J. Air pollution and children\u2019s health. Pediatrics. 2004;113(4 Suppl):1037\u201343.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"8012_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201211-2008OC","volume":"187","author":"G Stern","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stern G, Latzin P, R\u00f6\u00f6sli M, Fuchs O, Proietti E, Kuehni C, Frey U. A prospective study of the impact of air pollution on respiratory symptoms and infections in infants. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(12):1341\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"8012_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021051484","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021-051484","volume":"147","author":"HL Brumberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brumberg HL, Karr CJ, Council on Environmental Health. Ambient air pollution: health hazards to children. Pediatrics. 2021;147(6):e2021051484.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"8012_CR20","volume-title":"Child Activity Patterns for Environmental Exposure Assessment in the Home. National Environmental Health Forum Monographs. Exposure Series 2","author":"S Brinkman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brinkman S, Gialamas A, Jones L, Edwards P, Maynard E. Child Activity Patterns for Environmental Exposure Assessment in the Home. National Environmental Health Forum Monographs. Exposure Series 2. 1999. Department of Human Services (South Australia)."},{"key":"8012_CR21","volume-title":"Report to Congress on indoor air quality: Volume II: Assessment and control of indoor air pollution. Indoor air division, office of atmospheric and indoor air programs, office of air and radiation","author":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1989","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report to Congress on indoor air quality: Volume II: Assessment and control of indoor air pollution. Indoor air division, office of atmospheric and indoor air programs, office of air and radiation. Washington, DC: USEPA; 1989."},{"issue":"766","key":"8012_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142585","volume":"20","author":"E Cheek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheek E, Guercio V, Shrubsole C, Dimitroulopoulou S. Portable air purification: Review of impacts on indoor air quality and health. Sci Total Environ. 2021;20(766):142585.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"8012_CR23","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Residential Air Cleaners: A Technical Summary. 3rd ed. Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Indoor Environments Division. Washington, DC. July 2018. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2018\u201307\/documents\/residential_air_cleaners_-_a_technical_summary_3rd_edition.pdf."},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202103-0604OC","volume":"205","author":"NN Hansel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hansel NN, Putcha N, Woo H, Peng R, Diette GB, Fawzy A, Wise RA, Romero K, Davis MF, Rule AM, Eakin MN, Breysse PN, McCormack MC, Koehler K. Randomized clinical trial of air cleaners to improve indoor air quality and COPD health: Results of the CLEAN AIR STUDY. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(4):421\u201330.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.08.043","volume":"143","author":"O Dumas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dumas O, Hasegawa K, Mansbach JM, Sullivan AF, Piedra PA, Camargo CA Jr. Severe bronchiolitis profiles and risk of recurrent wheeze by age 3 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143(4):1371\u20139.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"19","key":"8012_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211917","volume":"368","author":"MO Blanken","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blanken MO, Rovers MM, Molenaar JM, Winkler-Seinstra PL, Meijer A, Kimpen JL, Bont L, Dutch RSV Neonatal Network. Respiratory syncytial virus and recurrent wheeze in healthy preterm infants. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(19):1791\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"8012_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00359.x","volume":"89","author":"MCJ Kneyber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kneyber MCJ, Steyerberg EW, de Groot R, Moll HA. Long-term effects of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infants and young children: a quantitative review. Acta Paediatr. 2000;89(6):654\u201360.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"8012_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.01.020","volume":"38","author":"AJ Driscoll","year":"2020","unstructured":"Driscoll AJ, Arshad SH, Bont L, Brunwasser SM, Cherian T, Englund JA, Fell DB, Hammitt LL, Hartert TV, Innis BL, Karron RA, Langley GE, Mulholland EK, Munywoki PK, Nair H, Ortiz JR, Savitz DA, Scheltema NM, Sim\u00f5es EAF, Smith PG, Were F, Zar HJ, Feikin DR. Does respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory illness in early life cause recurrent wheeze of early childhood and asthma? Critical review of the evidence and guidance for future studies from a World Health Organization-sponsored meeting. Vaccine. 2020;38(11):2435\u201348.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.07.004","volume":"5","author":"DS Balekian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balekian DS, Linnemann RW, Hasegawa K, Thadhani R, Camargo CA Jr. Cohort study of severe bronchiolitis during infancy and risk of asthma by age 5 years. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5(1):92\u20136.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-0870OC","volume":"193","author":"N Tagiyeva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tagiyeva N, Devereux G, Fielding S, Turner S, Douglas G. Outcomes of childhood asthma and wheezy bronchitis. A 50-year cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;193(1):23\u201330.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"8012_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13396","volume":"105","author":"LB Rolfsjord","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rolfsjord LB, Skjerven HO, Carlsen KH, Mowinckel P, Bains KE, Bakkeheim E, L\u00f8drupCarlsen KC. The severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants was associated with quality of life nine months later. Acta Paediatr. 2016;105(7):834\u201341.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"8012_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000122604.32137.29","volume":"23","author":"L Bont","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bont L, Steijn M, van Aalderen WM, Kimpen JL. Impact of wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus infection on health-related quality of life. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(5):414\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"8012_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24598","volume":"55","author":"AM Nathan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nathan AM, Teh CSJ, Eg KP, Jabar KA, Zaki R, Hng SY, Westerhout C, Thavagnanam S, de Bruyne JA. Respiratory sequelae and quality of life in children one-year after being admitted with a lower respiratory tract infection: A prospective cohort study from a developing country. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020;55(2):407\u201317.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"8012_CR34","unstructured":"Hall CB. Bronchiolitis. In: American Academy of Pediatrics Textbook of Pediatric Care. https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatriccare\/book\/348\/chapter-abstract\/5777235\/Bronchiolitis-Chapter-224."},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2087","volume":"122","author":"KN Carroll","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carroll KN, Gebretsadik T, Griffin MR, Wu P, Dupont WD, Mitchel EF, Enriquez R, Hartert TV. Increasing burden and risk factors for bronchiolitis-related medical visits in infants enrolled in a state health care insurance plan. Pediatrics. 2008;122(1):58\u201364.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"8","key":"8012_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208535","volume":"71","author":"O Dumas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dumas O, Mansbach JM, Jartti T, Hasegawa K, Sullivan AF, Piedra PA, Camargo CA Jr. A clustering approach to identify severe bronchiolitis profiles in children. Thorax. 2016;71(8):712\u20138.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20232","volume":"40","author":"NC Santanello","year":"2005","unstructured":"Santanello NC, Norquist JM, Nelsen LM, Williams VS, Hill CD, Bisgaard H. Validation of a pediatric caregiver diary to measure symptoms of postacute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005;40(1):31\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8012_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00062714","volume":"45","author":"GA Rossi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossi GA, Colin AA. Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing. Eur Respir J. 2015;45(3):774\u201389.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"8012_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00218","volume":"5","author":"K Douros","year":"2020","unstructured":"Douros K, Everard ML. Time to say goodbye to bronchiolitis, viral wheeze, reactive airways disease, wheeze bronchitis and all that. Front Pediatr. 2020;5(8):218.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.12.011","volume":"123","author":"KN Carroll","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carroll KN, Wu P, Gebretsadik T, Griffin MR, Dupont WD, Mitchel EF, Hartert TV. Season of infant bronchiolitis and estimates of subsequent risk and burden of early childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;123(4):964\u20136.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"8012_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir494","volume":"204","author":"CM El Saleeby","year":"2011","unstructured":"El Saleeby CM, Bush AJ, Harrison LM, Aitken JA, Devincenzo JP. Respiratory syncytial virus load, viral dynamics, and disease severity in previously healthy naturally infected children. J Infect Dis. 2011;204(7):996\u20131002.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"8012_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu658","volume":"211","author":"K Hasegawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hasegawa K, Jartti T, Mansbach JM, Laham FR, Jewell AM, Espinola JA, Piedra PA, Camargo CA Jr. Respiratory syncytial virus genomic load and disease severity among children hospitalized with bronchiolitis: multicenter cohort studies in the United States and Finland. J Infect Dis. 2015;211(10):1550\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"8012_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000596","volume":"34","author":"PA Piedra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Piedra PA, Mansbach JM, Jewell AM, Thakar SD, Grant CC, Sullivan AF, Espinola JA, Camargo CA Jr. Bordetella pertussis is an uncommon pathogen in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis during the winter season. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34(6):566\u201370.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05094-4","volume":"20","author":"Q Ding","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ding Q, Xu L, Zhu Y, Xu B, Chen X, Duan Y, Xie Z, Shen K. Comparison of clinical features of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants with RSV\/HRV infection, and incidences of subsequent wheezing or asthma in childhood. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):387.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2010.08.004","volume":"30","author":"DJ Jackson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF Jr. The role of respiratory virus infections in childhood asthma inception. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2010;30(4):513\u201322.","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"8012_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2015.11.008","volume":"52","author":"ML Garcia-Garcia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garcia-Garcia ML, Calvo Rey C, Del Rosal RT. Pediatric asthma and viral infection. Arch Bronconeumol. 2016;52(5):269\u201373.","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13624","volume":"74","author":"T Jartti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jartti T, Smits HH, B\u00f8nnelykke K, Bircan O, Elenius V, Konradsen JR, Maggina P, Makrinioti H, Stokholm J, Hedlin G, Papadopoulos N, Ruszczynski M, Ryczaj K, Schaub B, Schwarze J, Skevaki C, Stenberg-Hammar K, Feleszko W, EAACI Task Force on Clinical Practice Recommendations on Preschool Wheeze. Bronchiolitis needs a revisit: distinguishing between virus entities and their treatments. Allergy. 2019;74(1):40\u201352.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR48","first-page":"315","volume":"65","author":"JL Grieves","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grieves JL, Yin Z, Durbin RK, Durbin JE. Acute and chronic airway disease after human respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus). Comp Med. 2015;65(4):315\u201326 PMCID:\u00a0PMC4549677.","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"8012_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201703-191OC","volume":"14","author":"M Yitshak-Sade","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yitshak-Sade M, Yudovitch D, Novack V, Tal A, Kloog I, Goldbart A. Air pollution and hospitalization for bronchiolitis among young children. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(12):1796\u2013802.","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"8012_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1509856","volume":"124","author":"MJ Strickland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Strickland MJ, Hao H, Hu X, Chang HH, Darrow LA, Liu Y. Pediatric emergency visits and short-term changes in PM2.5 concentrations in the U.S. state of Georgia. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124(5):690\u20136.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"10","key":"8012_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu234","volume":"180","author":"LA Darrow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Darrow LA, Klein M, Flanders WD, Mulholland JA, Tolbert PE, Strickland MJ. Air pollution and acute respiratory infections among children 0\u20134 years of age: an 18-year time-series study. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180(10):968\u201377.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8012_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12361","volume":"69","author":"EC Matsui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matsui EC. Environmental exposures and asthma morbidity in children living in urban neighborhoods. Allergy. 2014;69(5):553\u20138.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"8012_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12625","volume":"30","author":"C James","year":"2020","unstructured":"James C, Bernstein DI, Cox J, Ryan P, Wolfe C, Jandarov R, Newman N, Indugula R, Reponen T. HEPA filtration improves asthma control in children exposed to traffic-related airborne particles. Indoor Air. 2020;30(2):235\u201343.","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"8012_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.11.012","volume":"100","author":"H Khreis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khreis H, Kelly C, Tate J, Parslow R, Lucas K, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and risk of development of childhood asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Int. 2017;100:1\u201331.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"8012_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj225","volume":"164","author":"JS Schildcrout","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schildcrout JS, Sheppard L, Lumley T, Slaughter JC, Koenig JQ, Shapiro GG. Ambient air pollution and asthma exacerbations in children: an eight-city analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164(6):505\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2010.055152","volume":"68","author":"C Carlsten","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carlsten C, Dybuncio A, Becker A, Chan-Yeung M, Brauer M. Traffic-related air pollution and incident asthma in a high-risk birth cohort. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68(4):291\u20135.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"8012_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12502","volume":"28","author":"J Cox","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cox J, Isiugo K, Ryan P, Grinshpun SA, Yermakov M, Desmond C, Jandarov R, Vesper S, Ross J, Chillrud S, Dannemiller K, Reponen T. Effectiveness of a portable air cleaner in removing aerosol particles in homes close to highways. Indoor Air. 2018;28(6):818\u201327.","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"8012_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s195","volume":"110 Suppl","author":"AD Kyle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kyle AD, Woodruff TJ, Buffler PA, Davis DL. Use of an index to reflect the aggregate burden of long-term exposure to criteria air pollutants in the United States. Environ Health Perspect. 2002;110 Suppl(Suppl 1):95\u2013102.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"Supp 3","key":"8012_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-S3-S8","volume":"13 Suppl 3","author":"NG Bruce","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bruce NG, Dherani MK, Das JK, Balakrishnan K, Adair-Rohani H, Bhutta ZA, Pope D. Control of household air pollution for child survival: estimates for intervention impacts. BMC Public Health. 2013;13 Suppl 3(Supp 3):S8.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"8012_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408795","volume":"123","author":"DQ Rich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rich DQ, Liu K, Zhang J, Thurston SW, Stevens TP, Pan Y, Kane C, Weinberger B, Ohman-Strickland P, Woodruff TJ, Duan X, Assibey-Mensah V, Zhang J. Differences in birth weight associated with the 2008 Beijing Olympics air pollution reduction: results from a natural experiment. Environ Health Perspect. 2015;123(9):880\u20137.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.20","volume":"7","author":"Z Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen Z, Salam MT, Eckel SP, Breton CV, Gilliland FD. Chronic effects of air pollution on respiratory health in Southern California children: findings from the Southern California Children\u2019s Health Study. J Thorac Dis. 2015;7(1):46\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.12.20.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"8012_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0140","volume":"174","author":"X Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui X, Li Z, Teng Y, Barkjohn KK, Norris CL, Fang L, Daniel GN, He L, Lin L, Wang Q, Day DB, Zhou X, Hong J, Gong J, Li F, Mo J, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Black MS, Bergin MH, Zhang J. Association between bedroom particulate matter filtration and changes in airway pathophysiology in children with asthma. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(6):533\u201342.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"19","key":"8012_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4772","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194772","volume":"20","author":"J \u00d8vrevik","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u00d8vrevik J. Oxidative potential versus biological effects: a review on the relevance of cell-free\/abiotic assays as predictors of toxicity from airborne particulate matter. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(19):4772.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"8012_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201512-2434OC","volume":"194","author":"SA Weichenthal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weichenthal SA, Lavigne E, Evans GJ, Godri Pollitt KJ, Burnett RT. Fine particulate matter and emergency room visits for respiratory illness. Effect modification by oxidative potential. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;194(5):577\u201386.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"8012_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01334","volume":"30","author":"AI Joubert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Joubert AI, Geppert M, Johnson L, Mills-Goodlet R, Michelini S, Korotchenko E, Duschl A, Weiss R, Horejs-H\u00f6ck J, Himly M. Mechanisms of particles in sensitization, effector function and therapy of allergic disease. Front Immunol. 2020;30(11):1334.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700698","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00698-2017","volume":"51","author":"A Sood","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sood A, Assad NA, Barnes PJ, Churg A, Gordon SB, Harrod KS, Irshad H, Kurmi OP, Martin WJ 2nd, Meek P, Mortimer K, Noonan CW, Perez-Padilla R, Smith KR, Tesfaigzi Y, Ward T, Balmes J. ERS\/ATS workshop report on respiratory health effects of household air pollution. Eur Respir J. 2018;51(1):1700698.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2312","volume":"127","author":"BP Lanphear","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lanphear BP, Hornung RW, Khoury J, Yolton K, Lierl M, Kalkbrenner A. Effects of HEPA air cleaners on unscheduled asthma visits and asthma symptoms for children exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke. Pediatrics. 2011;127(1):93\u2013101.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"8012_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.10.005","volume":"74","author":"KH Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim KH, Kabir E, Kabir S. A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter. Environ Int. 2015;74:136\u201343.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"8012_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2011.05.012","volume":"46","author":"L Du","year":"2011","unstructured":"Du L, Batterman S, Parker E, Godwin C, Chin JY, O\u2019Toole A, Robins T, Brakefield-Caldwell W, Lewis T. Particle concentrations and effectiveness of free-standing air filters in bedrooms of children with asthma in Detroit. Michigan Build Environ. 2011;46(11):2303\u201313.","journal-title":"Michigan Build Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2015.73","volume":"27","author":"TJ Ward","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ward TJ, Semmens EO, Weiler E, Harrar S, Noonan CW. Efficacy of interventions targeting household air pollution from residential wood stoves. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2017;27(1):64\u201371.","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8012_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102696","volume":"72","author":"M Kajbafzadeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kajbafzadeh M, Brauer M, Karlen B, Carlsten C, van Eeden S, Allen RW. The impacts of traffic-related and woodsmoke particulate matter on measures of cardiovascular health: a HEPA filter intervention study. Occup Environ Med. 2015;72(6):394\u2013400.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"8012_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.3308","volume":"178","author":"M Morishita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morishita M, Adar SD, D\u2019Souza J, Ziemba RA, Bard RL, Spino C, Brook RD. Effect of portable air filtration systems on personal exposure to fine particulate matter and blood pressure among residents in a low-income senior facility: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(10):1350\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"8012_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.09.291","volume":"615","author":"P Barn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barn P, Gombojav E, Ochir C, Laagan B, Beejin B, Naidan G, Boldbaatar B, Galsuren J, Byambaa T, Janes C, Janssen PA, Lanphear BP, Takaro TK, Venners SA, Webster GM, Yuchi W, Palmer CD, Parsons PJ, Roh YM, Allen RW. The effect of portable HEPA filter air cleaners on indoor PM2.5 concentrations and second hand tobacco smoke exposure among pregnant women in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: The UGAAR randomized controlled trial. Sci Total Environ. 2018;615:1379\u201389.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"592","key":"8012_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.03.111","volume":"15","author":"ML McNamara","year":"2017","unstructured":"McNamara ML, Thornburg J, Semmens EO, Ward TJ, Noonan CW. Reducing indoor air pollutants with air filtration units in wood stove homes. Sci Total Environ. 2017;15(592):488\u201394.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2016.1218011","volume":"54","author":"HK Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park HK, Cheng KC, Tetteh AO, Hildemann LM, Nadeau KC. Effectiveness of air purifier on health outcomes and indoor particles in homes of children with allergic diseases in Fresno, California: A pilot study. J Asthma. 2017;54(4):341\u20136.","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"8012_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.09.007","volume":"98","author":"P Azimi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Azimi P, Zhao D, Stephens B. Estimates of HVAC filtration efficiency for fine and ultrafine particles of outdoor origin. Atmos Environ. 2014;98:337\u201346.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12085","volume":"24","author":"LM Paulin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paulin LM, Diette GB, Scott M, McCormack MC, Matsui EC, Curtin-Brosnan J, Williams DL, Kidd-Taylor A, Shea M, Breysse PN, Hansel NN. Home interventions are effective at decreasing indoor nitrogen dioxide concentrations. Indoor Air. 2014;24(4):416\u201324.","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"issue":"11","key":"8012_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5735","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115735","volume":"18","author":"A Mousavi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mousavi A, Yuan Y, Masri S, Barta G, Wu J. Impact of 4th of July fireworks on spatiotemporal PM2.5 concentrations in California based on the PurpleAir sensor network: implications for policy and environmental justice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(11):5735.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"8012_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110653","volume":"195","author":"Y Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu Y, Giuliano G, Habre R. Estimating hourly PM2.5 concentrations at the neighborhood scale using a low-cost air sensor network: a Los Angeles case study. Environ Res. 2021;195:110653.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"8012_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116763","volume":"276","author":"J Bi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bi J, Wallace LA, Sarnat JA, Liu Y. Characterizing outdoor infiltration and indoor contribution of PM2.5 with citizen-based low-cost monitoring data. Environ Pollut. 2021;276:116763.","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"8012_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.07.052","volume":"159","author":"LM Paulin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paulin LM, Williams D\u2019L, Peng R, Diette GB, McCormack MC, Breysse P, Hansel NN. 24-h Nitrogen dioxide concentration is associated with cooking behaviors and an increase in rescue medication use in children with asthma. Environ Res. 2017;159:118\u201323.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.4.724","volume":"100","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"1997","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Environmental Health. Noise: a hazard for the fetus and newborn. Pediatrics. 1997;100(4):724\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"8012_CR83","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Noise and Its effects on children: information for parents, teachers, and childcare providers. Office of Air and Radiation, Washington, DC. 2009. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2015\u201307\/documents\/ochp_noise_fs_rev1.pdf."},{"issue":"6","key":"8012_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-017-0704-3","volume":"17","author":"RD Estrada","year":"2017","unstructured":"Estrada RD, Ownby DR. Rural Asthma: current understanding of prevalence, patterns, and interventions for children and adolescents. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(6):37.","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0355-5","volume":"17","author":"JA Lawson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lawson JA, Rennie DC, Cockcroft DW, Dyck R, Afanasieva A, Oluwole O, Afsana J. Childhood asthma, asthma severity indicators, and related conditions along an urban-rural gradient: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med. 2017;17(1):4.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"8012_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2019.105909","volume":"89","author":"CW Noonan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Noonan CW, Semmens EO, Ware D, Smith P, Boyer BB, Erdei E, Hopkins SE, Lewis J, Ward TJ. Wood stove interventions and child respiratory infections in rural communities: KidsAir rationale and methods. Contemp Clin Trials. 2020;89:105909.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"8012_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12808","volume":"31","author":"ES Walker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Walker ES, Noonan CW, Semmens EO, Ware D, Smith P, Boyer BB, Erdei E, Hopkins SE, Lewis J, Belcourt A, Ward TJ. Indoor fine particulate matter and demographic, household, and wood stove characteristics among rural US homes heated with wood fuel. Indoor Air. 2021;31(4):1109\u201324.","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"8012_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kimberlin DW, Barnettt ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH, eds. Respiratory syncytial virus. In: Red Book. 32nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021. p. 628\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/9781610025225.","DOI":"10.1542\/9781610025225"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1996.0009","volume":"29","author":"R Bascom","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bascom R, Kesavanathan J, Permutt T, Fitzgerald TK, Sauder L, Swift DL. Tobacco smoke upper respiratory response relationships in healthy nonsmokers. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1996;29(1):86\u201393.","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"8","key":"8012_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.111","volume":"165","author":"AM Butz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Butz AM, Matsui EC, Breysse P, Curtin-Brosnan J, Eggleston P, Diette G, Williams D, Yuan J, Bernert JT, Rand C. A randomized trial of air cleaners and a health coach to improve indoor air quality for inner-city children with asthma and secondhand smoke exposure. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165(8):741\u20138 Erratum in: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011 Sep;165(9):791.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"8012_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.10.020","volume":"160","author":"JL Rice","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rice JL, Brigham E, Dineen R, Muqueeth S, O\u2019Keefe G, Regenold S, Koehler K, Rule A, McCormack M, Hansel NN, Diette GB. The feasibility of an air purifier and secondhand smoke education intervention in homes of inner city pregnant women and infants living with a smoker. Environ Res. 2018;160:524\u201330.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-5","volume":"12","author":"LL Jones","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jones LL, Hashim A, McKeever T, Cook DG, Britton J, Leonardi-Bee J. Parental and household smoking and the increased risk of bronchitis, bronchiolitis and other lower respiratory infections in infancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res. 2011;12(1):5.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"8012_CR93","volume-title":"The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2006","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2006."},{"issue":"11","key":"8012_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301287","volume":"103","author":"S Kalkhoran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalkhoran S, Neilands TB, Ling PM. Secondhand smoke exposure and smoking behavior among young adult bar patrons. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(11):2048\u201355.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"8012_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.08.036","volume":"121","author":"P Barn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barn P, Gombojav E, Ochir C, Boldbaatar B, Beejin B, Naidan G, Galsuren J, Legtseg B, Byambaa T, Hutcheon JA, Janes C, Janssen PA, Lanphear BP, McCandless LC, Takaro TK, Venners SA, Webster GM, Allen RW. The effect of portable HEPA filter air cleaner use during pregnancy on fetal growth: The UGAAR randomized controlled trial. Environ Int. 2018;121(Pt 1):981\u20139.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"8012_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0668.2011.00761.x","volume":"22","author":"S Batterman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Batterman S, Du L, Mentz G, Mukherjee B, Parker E, Godwin C, Chin JY, O\u2019Toole A, Robins T, Rowe Z, Lewis T. Particulate matter concentrations in residences: an intervention study evaluating stand-alone filters and air conditioners. Indoor Air. 2012;22(3):235\u201352.","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"8012_CR97","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov [clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/home]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). 2000 Feb 20. Identifier NCT02240069, Wood smoke interventions in Native American populations (EldersAIR); 2014; [about 6 screens]. Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02240069. Cited 2021 July 28."},{"issue":"3","key":"8012_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-019-00235-7","volume":"6","author":"G Papadogeorgou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Papadogeorgou G, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Braun D, Zanobetti A. Low levels of air pollution and health: effect estimates, methodological challenges, and future directions. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2019;6(3):105\u201315.","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8012_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9730-5","volume":"20","author":"JW Varni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Varni JW, Limbers CA, Neighbors K, Schulz K, Lieu JE, Heffer RW, Tuzinkiewicz K, Mangione-Smith R, Zimmerman JJ, Alonso EM. The PedsQL\u2122 Infant Scales: feasibility, internal consistency reliability, and validity in healthy and ill infants. Qual Life Res. 2011;20(1):45\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-010-9730-5. Epub 2010 Aug 22 PMID: 20730626.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08012-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08012-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08012-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:57:57Z","timestamp":1710914277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08012-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08012-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Institutional Review Board (FWA0000119) and Alaska Area IRB approved this protocol. Written, informed consent to participate will be obtained from the legal guardians of all participants<i>.<\/i> Please refer to separately submitted documents.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Jessica Snowden, MD, discloses a relevant financial relationship with the ineligible company Pfizer. Dr. Snowden is a consultant for the Pfizer company; however, all potential conflicts of interest have been mitigated. The other authors have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"197"}}