{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T23:19:41Z","timestamp":1789255181210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","award":["HLBKJ202023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HLBKJ202023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Premature infants commonly encounter difficulties with oral feeding, a complication that extends hospital stays, affects infants\u2019 quality of life, and imposes substantial burdens on families and society. Enhancing preterm infants\u2019 oral feeding skills and facilitating their transition from parenteral or nasal feeding to full oral feeding pose challenges for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) healthcare professionals. Research indicates that oral motor interventions (OMIs) can enhance preterm infants\u2019 oral feeding capabilities and expedite the transition from feeding initiation to full oral feeding. Nonetheless, the most suitable timing for commencing these interventions remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Preterm with a gestational age between 29\n                      <jats:sup>+0<\/jats:sup>\n                      to 34\n                      <jats:sup>+6<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0weeks will be eligible for the study. These infants will be randomized and allocated to one of two groups, both of which will receive the OMIs. The intervention commences once the infant begins milk intake during the early OMIs. Additionally, in the late OMIs group, the intervention will initiate 48\u00a0h after discontinuing nasal continuous positive airway pressure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OMIs encompass non-nutritive sucking and artificial oral stimulation techniques. These techniques target the lips, jaw, muscles, or tongue of premature infants, aiming to facilitate the shift from tube feeding to oral feeding. The primary objective is to determine the ideal intervention timing that fosters the development of oral feeding skills and ensures a seamless transition from parenteral or nasal feeding to full oral feeding among preterm infants. Furthermore, this study might yield insights into the long-term effects of OMIs on the growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants. Such insights could bear substantial significance for the quality of survival among preterm infants and the societal burden imposed by preterm birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2300076721. Registered on October 17, 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-08131-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T02:01:50Z","timestamp":1715047310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The effect of oral motor intervention with different initiation times to improve feeding outcomes in preterm infants: protocol for a single-blind, randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yingxin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4926-8190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"8131_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohuma EO, Moller AB, Bradley E, et al. National, regional, and global estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010: a systematic analysis [published correction appears in Lancet. 2023;402(10409):1261\u20131271.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00878-4"},{"key":"8131_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Newborn health. Available from: \nhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/indicators\/indicator-details\/GHO\/preterm-births-(number).\u00a0Accessed 16 Apr 2023."},{"issue":"2","key":"8131_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2015.12.011","volume":"21","author":"HA Frey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frey HA, Klebanoff MA. The epidemiology, etiology, and costs of preterm birth. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;21(2):68\u201373.","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"8131_CR4","first-page":"766","volume":"28","author":"FZ Meng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meng FZ, Wang J. Progress in oral motor intervention research for premature infants. Zhong Guo Er Tong Bao Jian Za Zhi. 2020;28(7):766\u20138.","journal-title":"Zhong Guo Er Tong Bao Jian Za Zhi"},{"issue":"5","key":"8131_CR5","first-page":"701","volume":"18","author":"L Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang L, Wang YM, Le Q, Wu LF, Yu JH. Evidence-based practice in oral motor intervention for premature infants. Zhong Guo Hu Li Guan Li. 2018;18(5):701\u20134.","journal-title":"Zhong Guo Hu Li Guan Li"},{"issue":"3","key":"8131_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32832b36fe","volume":"17","author":"SM Barlow","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barlow SM. Oral and respiratory control for preterm feeding. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;17(3):179\u201386.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"8131_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.125731","volume":"141","author":"S Fucile","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fucile S, Gisel E, Lau C. Oral stimulation accelerates the transition from tube to oral feeding in preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2002;141(2):230\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"28","key":"8131_CR8","first-page":"3990","volume":"19","author":"HJ Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang HJ, Ding LL. Analysis of the effects of oral motor intervention combined with kangaroo care on feeding difficulties and neurodevelopment in premature infants. Quan Ke Hu Li. 2021;19(28):3990\u20132.","journal-title":"Quan Ke Hu Li"},{"issue":"8","key":"8131_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-018-1357-6","volume":"55","author":"K Arora","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arora K, Goel S, Manerkar S, Konde N, Panchal H, Hegde D, et al. Prefeeding oromotor stimulation program for improving oromotor function in preterm infants - a randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr. 2018;55(8):675\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"8131_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/01942638.2019.1698688","volume":"40","author":"M Aguilar-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aguilar-Rodr\u00edguez M, Le\u00f3n-Castro JC, \u00c1lvarez-Cerezo M, Aled\u00f3n-And\u00fajar N, Escrig-Fern\u00e1ndez R, Rodr\u00edguez de Dios-Benlloch JL, et al. The effectiveness of an oral sensorimotor stimulation protocol for the early achievement of exclusive oral feeding in premature infants A randomized, controlled trial. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2020;40(4):371\u201383.","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr."},{"key":"8131_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"18","author":"E Mu\u00f1oz-G\u00f3mez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-G\u00f3mez E, Ingl\u00e9s M, Moll\u00e0-Casanova S, Sempere-Rubio N, Serra-A\u00f1\u00f3 P, Aguilar-Rodr\u00edguez M. Effects of an oral stimulation program on feeding outcomes in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2023;18:1\u201318.","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"8131_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1044\/2021_AJSLP-20-00322","volume":"30","author":"D Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen D, Yang Z, Chen C, Wang P. Effect of oral motor intervention on oral feeding in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2021;30(5):2318\u201328.","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8131_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2010\/09-0067)","volume":"19","author":"J Arvedson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arvedson J, Clark H, Lazarus C, Schooling T, Frymark T. Evidence-based systematic review: effects of oral motor interventions on feeding and swallowing in preterm infants. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2010;19(4):321\u201340.","journal-title":"Am J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"8131_CR14","first-page":"CD009720","volume":"9","author":"Z Greene","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greene Z, O\u2019Donnell CP, Walshe M. Oral stimulation for promoting oral feeding in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;9(9):CD009720.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"8131_CR15","unstructured":"Lv TC, Zhang YX, Hu XJ, Cao Y, Ren P, Wang YY. Evaluation of the effectiveness of an early oral motor intervention program in improving oral feeding in premature infants. 2013;48(2):101\u20135."},{"issue":"21","key":"8131_CR16","first-page":"42","volume":"35","author":"Wu Ping","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu P, Fan QL, Chen F, Cai C. Research progress on oral massage to promote oral feeding in premature infants. Jie Fang Jun Hu Li Za Zhi. 2018;35(21):42\u20134.","journal-title":"Jie Fang Jun Hu Li Za Zhi"},{"issue":"03","key":"8131_CR17","first-page":"363","volume":"54","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Cui HM,  Li SL, Sun CX, Li NT. The impact of comprehensive oral motor intervention on feeding performance and clinical outcomes in premature infants. Zhong Hua Hu Li Za Zhi. 2019;54(03):363\u20138.","journal-title":"Zhong Hua Hu Li Za Zhi"},{"issue":"6","key":"8131_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00439.x","volume":"49","author":"M Boiron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boiron M, Da Nobrega L, Roux S, Henrot A, Saliba E. Effects of oral stimulation and oral support on non-nutritive sucking and feeding performance in preterm infants. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49(6):439\u201344.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8131_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1891\/0730-0832.29.6.359","volume":"29","author":"S Fucile","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fucile S, Gisel EG. Sensorimotor interventions improve growth and motor function in preterm infants. Neonatal Netw. 2010;29(6):359\u201366.","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw"},{"issue":"6","key":"8131_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1685448","volume":"37","author":"XL Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li XL, Liu Y, Liu M, Yang CY, Yang QZ. Early premature infant oral motor intervention improved oral feeding and prognosis by promoting neurodevelopment. Am J Perinatol. 2020;37(6):626\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"3A","key":"8131_CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"YP Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen YP, Zhai FD, Chen D, Wu LH, Tang JM, Xie YM. A comparison of oral massage and non-nutritive sucking in improving sucking abilities in premature infants. Hu Li Xue Bao. 2013;20(3A):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Hu Li Xue Bao"},{"issue":"3","key":"8131_CR22","first-page":"181","volume":"38","author":"PA Thakkar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thakkar PA, Rohit HR, Ranjan Das R, Thakkar UP, Singh A. Effect of oral stimulation on feeding performance and weight gain in preterm neonates: a randomised controlled trial. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2018;38(3):181\u20136.","journal-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"8131_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738211058312","volume":"31","author":"F \u00c7elik","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00c7elik F, Sen S, Karayagiz MG. Effects of oral stimulation and supplemental nursing system on the transition time to full breast of mother and sucking success in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Nurs Res. 2022;31(5):891\u2013900.","journal-title":"Clin Nurs Res"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08131-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08131-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08131-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T02:04:46Z","timestamp":1715047486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08131-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08131-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study is conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of respect, benefit, and justice. The study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of West China Second University\u00a0Hospital, Sichuan University (Medical Research 2022 Ethics Approval No. 235).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate {24}"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication {32}"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests {28}"}}],"article-number":"306"}}