{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:27:35Z","timestamp":1772166455571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-08366-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T10:02:43Z","timestamp":1725357763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["No genetic causal association between human papillomavirus and lung cancer risk: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yizhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhouqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"8366_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002529","volume":"136","author":"C Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li C, Lei S, Ding L, et al. Global burden and trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality. Chin Med J. 2023;136(13):1583\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002529.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"8366_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21834.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"20","key":"8366_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14204295","volume":"14","author":"I Hawrysz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hawrysz I, Wadolowska L, Slowinska MA, et al. Lung cancer risk in men and compliance with the 2018 WCRF\/AICR cancer prevention recommendations. Nutrients. 2022;14(20):4295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14204295.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"8366_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071572","volume":"11","author":"MM Shams-White","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shams-White MM, Brockton NT, Mitrou P, et al. Operationalizing the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF\/AICR) Cancer Prevention Recommendations: a standardized scoring system. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11071572.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"10","key":"8366_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e021611","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021611","volume":"8","author":"LM O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Keeffe LM, Taylor G, Huxley RR, et al. Smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer in women and men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2018;8(10):e021611.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021611.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"8366_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.6362","volume":"7","author":"DA Siegel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siegel DA, Fedewa SA, Henley SJ, et al. Proportion of never smokers among men and women with lung cancer in 7 US States. JAMA Oncol. 2021;7(2):302\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.6362.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8366_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33765","volume":"149","author":"E Rissanen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rissanen E, Heikkinen S, Sepp\u00e4 K, et al. Incidence trends and risk factors of lung cancer in never smokers: pooled analyses of seven cohorts. Int J Cancer. 2021;149(12):2010\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.33765.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"8366_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04430-x","volume":"21","author":"P Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang P, Sun S, Lam S, et al. New insights into the biology and development of lung cancer in never smokers-implications for early detection and treatment. J Transl Med. 2023;21(1):585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-023-04430-x.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"8366_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-023-01512-8","volume":"14","author":"MP Revel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Revel MP, Chassagnon G. Ten reasons to screen women at risk of lung cancer. Insights Imaging. 2023;14:176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13244-023-01512-8.","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"8366_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28208","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28208","volume":"95","author":"J Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun J, Xu J, Liu C, et al. The association between human papillomavirus and bladder cancer: Evidence from meta-analysis and two-sample mendelian randomization. J Med Virol. 2023;95(1):e28208.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.28208.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8366_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3747\/co.26.4819","volume":"26","author":"EL You","year":"2019","unstructured":"You EL, Henry M, Zeitouni AG. Human papillomavirus\u2013associated oropharyngeal cancer: review of current evidence and management. Curr Oncol. 2019;26(2):119\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3747\/co.26.4819.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8366_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-021-03316-x","volume":"64","author":"V Osmani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Osmani V, Klug SJ. HPV-Impfung zur Pr\u00e4vention von Genitalwarzen und Krebsvorstufen \u2013 Evidenzlage und Bewertung. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2021;64(5):590\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-021-03316-x.","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz"},{"issue":"4","key":"8366_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semradonc.2021.04.001","volume":"31","author":"N Scott-Wittenborn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scott-Wittenborn N, Fakhry C. Epidemiology of HPV Related Malignancies. Seminars in radiation oncology. 2021;31(4):286\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semradonc.2021.04.001.","journal-title":"Seminars in radiation oncology"},{"issue":"5","key":"8366_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3780","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29050303","volume":"29","author":"GK Shapiro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shapiro GK. HPV Vaccination: An Underused Strategy for the Prevention of Cancer. Curr Oncol. 2022;29(5):3780\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol29050303.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8366_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716","volume":"141","author":"C de Martel","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Martel C, Plummer M, Vignat J, et al. Worldwide burden of cancer attributable to HPV by site, country and HPV type. Int J Cancer. 2017;141(4):664\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.30716.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"8366_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26687","volume":"124","author":"BR Roman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roman BR, Aragones A. Epidemiology and incidence of HPV-related cancers of the head and neck. J Surg Oncol. 2021;124(6):920\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jso.26687.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"8366_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvr.2023.200258","volume":"15","author":"CW Nelson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nelson CW, Mirabello L. Human papillomavirus genomics: understanding carcinogenicity. Tumour Virus Res. 2023;15:200258.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tvr.2023.200258.","journal-title":"Tumour Virus Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"8366_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0370","volume":"17","author":"KA Szymonowicz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Szymonowicz KA, Chen J. Biological and clinical aspects of HPV-related cancers. Cancer Biol Med. 2020;17(4):864\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0370.","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Med"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"8366_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2019.1600985","volume":"15","author":"MR Timbang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Timbang MR, Sim MW, Bewley AF, et al. HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer: a review on burden of the disease and opportunities for prevention and early detection. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(7\u20138):1920\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2019.1600985.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"4","key":"8366_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.02.014","volume":"16","author":"AAA Oyouni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oyouni AAA. Human papillomavirus in cancer: Infection, disease transmission, and progress in vaccines. J Infect Public Health. 2023;16(4):626\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.02.014.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"8366_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000727","volume":"98","author":"ZC Wood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wood ZC, Bain CJ, Smith DD, et al. Oral human papillomavirus infection incidence and clearance: a systematic review of the literature. J Gen Virol. 2017;98(4):519\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jgv.0.000727.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"8366_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2022.103675","volume":"174","author":"R Bhattacharjee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee R, Das SS, Biswal SS, el. Mechanistic role of HPV-associated early proteins in cervical cancer: Molecular pathways and targeted therapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2022;174:103675.\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2022.103675.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"17","key":"8366_CR23","first-page":"2618","volume":"31","author":"L Ping","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ping L, Yi Li, Bo W, et al. TLR4 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to primary lung cancer in association with chlamydia infection and HPV infection. Chin J Nosocomial Infect. 2021;31(17):2618\u201322.","journal-title":"Chin J Nosocomial Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"8366_CR24","first-page":"544","volume":"31","author":"Li Guangping","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guangping Li, Hongxin Z, Lei Z, et al. Relationship Between Survivalin and VEGF Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and HPV Infection. Chinese Journal of Nosocomial Infection. 2021;31(4):544\u20138.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Nosocomial Infection"},{"issue":"4","key":"8366_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1350","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1350","volume":"4","author":"J Karnosky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karnosky J, Dietmaier W, Knuettel H, et al. HPV and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Rep. 2021;4(4):e1350.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnr2.1350.","journal-title":"Cancer Rep"},{"key":"8366_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.932196","volume":"9","author":"JY Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang JY, Lin C, Tsai SCS, et al. Human Papillomavirus Is Associated With Adenocarcinoma of Lung: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Front Med. 2022;9: 932196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.932196.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"8366_CR27","first-page":"115","volume":"33","author":"Wu Yang Xuejiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang Xuejiao Wu, Yanfei. Study on the correlation between HPV infection, IL-1\u03b2, EGFR polymorphisms, and non-smoking female lung cancer. Public Health Prev Med. 2022;33(6):115\u20138.","journal-title":"Public Health Prev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8366_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.3934\/publichealth.2023044","volume":"10","author":"EK Drokow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Drokow EK, Effah CY, Agboyibor C, et al. Microbial infections as potential risk factors for lung cancer: Investigating the role of human papillomavirus and chlamydia pneumoniae. AIMS Public Health. 2023;10(3):627\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3934\/publichealth.2023044.","journal-title":"AIMS Public Health"},{"key":"8366_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07428-6","volume":"20","author":"M Rezaei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rezaei M, Mostafaei S, Aghaei A, et al. The association between HPV gene expression, inflammatory agents and cellular genes involved in EMT in lung cancer tissue. BMC Cancer. 2020;20:916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-020-07428-6.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"8366_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huang JY, Lin C, Tsai SCS, et al. Human Papillomavirus Is Associated With Adenocarcinoma of Lung: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Frontiers in medicine, 2022, 9((Huang J.-Y.) Laboratory of Statistics, Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan): 932196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.932196.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.932196"},{"key":"8366_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"EM S, VS M, PRA P, et al. Human papillomavirus is not associated to non-small cell lung cancer: data from a prospective cross-sectional study. Infectious agents and cancer. 2019;14[2023\u201311\u201313]. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31388352\/. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13027-019-0235-8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-019-0235-8"},{"issue":"8","key":"8366_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad295","volume":"228","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X, Ling Y, Hu L, et al. Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA, E6\/E7 Messenger RNA, and p16INK4a in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2023;228(8):1137\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiad295.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"8366_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13282","volume":"11","author":"F He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He F, Xiong W, Yu F, et al. Human papillomavirus infection maybe not associated with primary lung cancer in the Fujian population of China. Thoracic Cancer. 2020;11(3):561\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1759-7714.13282.","journal-title":"Thoracic Cancer"},{"key":"8366_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k601","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k601","volume":"362","author":"NM Davies","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davies NM, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G. Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2018;362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k601.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed)."},{"issue":"2","key":"8366_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00763-1","volume":"53","author":"A Kurilshikov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kurilshikov A, Medina-Gomez C, Bacigalupe R, et al. Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition. Nat Genet. 2021;53(2):156\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-020-00763-1.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"16","key":"8366_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236","volume":"326","author":"VW Skrivankova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skrivankova VW, Richmond RC, Woolf BAR, et al. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Using Mendelian Randomization: The STROBE-MR Statement. JAMA. 2021;326(16):1614\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.18236.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"8366_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3002","volume":"46","author":"Y Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Y, McKay JD, Rafnar T, et al. Rare variants of large effect in BRCA2 and CHEK2 affect risk of lung cancer. Nat Genet. 2014;46(7):736\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3002.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"7319","key":"8366_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09534","volume":"467","author":"GR Abecasis","year":"2010","unstructured":"1000 GENOMES PROJECT CONSORTIUM, Abecasis GR, Altshuler D, et al. A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing. Nature. 2010;467(7319):1061\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature09534.","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"8366_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Z L, Y D, W P. Combining the strengths of inverse-variance weighting and Egger regression in Mendelian randomization using a mixture of regressions model. PLoS Genet. 2021;17(11)[2023\u201311\u201321]. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34793444\/. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009922.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009922"},{"issue":"5","key":"8366_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0255-x","volume":"32","author":"S Burgess","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess S, Thompson SG. Interpreting findings from Mendelian randomization using the MR-Egger method. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32(5):377\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-017-0255-x.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"8366_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0164-2","volume":"50","author":"M Verbanck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbanck M, Chen CY, Neale B, et al. Publisher Correction: Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat Genet. 2018;50(8):1196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-018-0164-2.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"8366_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx034","volume":"46","author":"OO Yavorska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yavorska OO, Burgess S. MendelianRandomization: an R package for performing Mendelian randomization analyses using summarized data. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(6):1734\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyx034.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"8366_CR43","unstructured":"Causal Relationships Between Social Isolation and Osteoarthritis: A Mendelian Randomization Study in European Population - PMC[EB\/OL]. [2023\u201311\u201321]. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8523904\/."},{"issue":"4","key":"8366_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","volume":"40","author":"J Bowden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowden J, Davey Smith G, Haycock PC, et al. Consistent estimation in mendelian randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator. Genet Epidemiol. 2016;40(4):304\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gepi.21965.","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"8366_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795049","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.795049","volume":"13","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C, Niu M, Guo Z, et al. A mild causal relationship between tea consumption and obesity in general population: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. Front Genet. 2022;13:795049.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.795049.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"8366_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robust inference in summary data Mendelian randomization via the zero modal pleiotropy assumption. Int J Epidemiol. Oxford Academic[EB\/OL]. 2023. https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ije\/article\/46\/6\/1985\/3957932.","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx102"},{"key":"8366_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hemani G, Zheng J, Elsworth B, et al. The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. eLife;7:e34408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.34408.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"issue":"1","key":"8366_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00310-y","volume":"11","author":"MJ Shu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shu MJ, Li JR, Zhu YC, et al. Migraine and Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study[J\/OL]. Neurology and Therapy. 2022;11(1):237\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-021-00310-y.","journal-title":"Neurology and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"8366_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28649","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28649","volume":"95","author":"MJ Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang MJ, Liu MT, Chen MR, et al. Mendelian randomization analysis suggests no associations of herpes simplex virus infections with systemic lupus erythematosu. J Med Virol. 2023;95(3):e28649.\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.28649.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8366_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-022-01121-0","volume":"81","author":"Z Nie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nie Z, Zhang K, Li Z, el. Human papillomavirus 16 E6 promotes angiogenesis of lung cancer via SNHG1[J\/OL]. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2023;81(2):325\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12013-022-01121-0.","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys."},{"issue":"2","key":"8366_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2023.64.84","volume":"64","author":"S Harabajsa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harabajsa S, \u0160ef\u010di\u0107 H, Klasi\u0107 M, et al. Infection with human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and high-risk types 16 and 18 of human papillomavirus in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Croatian Med J. 2023;64(2):84\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3325\/cmj.2023.64.84.","journal-title":"Croatian Med J"},{"issue":"12","key":"8366_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11121691","volume":"11","author":"JC Osorio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Osorio JC, Candia-Escobar F, Corval\u00e1n AH, et al. High-risk human papillomavirus Infection in lung cancer: mechanisms and perspectives. Biol Basel. 2022;11(12):1691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology11121691.","journal-title":"Biol Basel"},{"key":"8366_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067299","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1067299","volume":"11","author":"JA Dykens","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dykens JA, Peterson CE, Holt HK, et al. Gender neutral HPV vaccination programs: Reconsidering policies to expand cancer prevention globally. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1067299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1067299.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08366-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08366-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08366-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T10:08:48Z","timestamp":1725358128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08366-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-024-08366-5","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3997214\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no competing interests that could influence the results and conclusions of this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"582"}}