{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T20:18:06Z","timestamp":1784578686932,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Traffic crashes are the leading cause of death globally for people aged 5\u201329\u00a0years, with 90% of mortality occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The STABLE (Slashing Two-wheeled Accidents by Leveraging Eyecare) trial was designed to determine whether providing spectacles could reduce risk among young myopic motorcycle users in Vietnam.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This investigator-masked, stepped-wedge, cluster randomised naturalistic driving trial will recruit 625 students aged 18\u201323\u00a0years, driving\u2009\u2265\u200950\u00a0km\/week, with\u2009\u2265\u20091-year driving experience and using motorcycles as their primary means of transport, in 25 clusters of 25 students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Motorcycles of consenting students who have failed self-testing on the WHOeyes app will be fitted with Data Acquisition Systems (DAS) with video cameras and accelerometers. Video clips (\u00b1\u200930\u00a0s) of events flagged by the accelerometer will be reviewed for crash and near-crash events per 1000\u00a0km driven (main outcome). Five clusters of 25 students will be randomly selected every 12\u00a0weeks to undergo ocular examination and an estimated 40% of these will have bilateral spherical equivalent\u2009&lt; \u2212\u20090.5 D, and better-eye presenting distance visual acuity\u2009&lt;\u20096\/12, correctable bilaterally to\u2009\u2265\u20096\/7.5. They will be given free distance spectacles and their driving data before receiving spectacles will be analysed as the control condition and subsequent data as the intervention condition. Secondary outcomes include visual function, cost-effectiveness and self-reported crash events.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>STABLE will be the first randomised trial of vision interventions and driving safety in a LMIC.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05466955\">NCT05466955<\/jats:ext-link>. Initial registration: 20 July 2022, most recent update: 9 July 2024.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-08644-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T09:54:12Z","timestamp":1734515652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["STABLE trial of spectacle provision and driving safety among myopic motorcycle users in Vietnam: study protocol for a stepped-wedge, cluster randomised trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6008-7572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinh Chi","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5038-5584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kien 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Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to enrolment. The trial will be conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki []. The trial will be conducted in accordance with the principles of the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Consolidated Guideline (E6) [], as well as relevant Vietnamese national and local laws and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have agreed to the publication of this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no financial or non-financial competing interests, other than their involvement in the STABLE trial.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"825"}}