{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:03:39Z","timestamp":1790402619849,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["10210316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10210316"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sarcopenia is an age-related disease characterized by gradual loss of muscle strength and muscle mass. Osteosarcopenia is the presence of osteopenia\/osteoporosis and sarcopenia, which poses an increased risk of falls and fractures. Currently, there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for treating sarcopenia. Previous studies showed that nuclear factor-\u03baB ligand (RANKL) inhibition could reduce muscle atrophy and could be a therapeutic target for treating sarcopenia. Denosumab is an anti-osteoporotic drug with RANKL inhibition. This study aims to investigate the effects of denosumab to treat sarcopenia in patients with underlying osteoporosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study is a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled trial for investigating the efficacy of denosumab in treating sarcopenia in patients with osteosarcopenia. Participants aged 65\u00a0years or above with osteosarcopenia will be recruited. Participants will be randomized into the denosumab group or the zoledronic acid group and will be followed up for 1\u00a0year. The primary outcomes are muscle strength, muscle mass measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, and physical performance. The secondary outcomes are the clinical outcomes, including fall rate, fracture rate and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study will study the potential therapeutical effects of denosumab (RANKL inhibitor) on osteosarcopenia, which will be crucial given the aging population and expected increase in disease numbers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06643780. Registered on 16 October 2024. (Retrospectively registered and no protocol changes were made since the recruitment was started for this study).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-025-08976-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T16:52:58Z","timestamp":1754326378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["RANK-ligand inhibition to combat sarcopenia with underlying osteoporosis: a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5615-6627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald Man Yeung","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pui Yan","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond Chung Wai","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy Chi Yui","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheung Wai","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Hoi","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"8976_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16069","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.69","volume":"2","author":"R Eastell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eastell R, O\u2019Neill TW, Hofbauer LC, Langdahl B, Reid IR, Gold DT, et al. 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No. 2022.555).This study is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and ICH-GCP. Informed consent will be obtained from all the participants before joining the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Ronald Man Yeung Wong has received advisor\/speaker fees from Amgen and speaker honorarium from ZP Therapeutics\u2014a\u00a0division of the Zuellig Pharma Corporation and ZANOVEX PTE LTD. All other authors declare that they have no competing\u00a0interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"269"}}