{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T10:54:36Z","timestamp":1772794476035,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009270","name":"Invention for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-025-09005-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T08:57:51Z","timestamp":1761901071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Real world implementation of AlcoChange, a smartphone digital therapeutic to improve outcomes from alcohol-related liver disease: protocol for an individually randomised parallel group controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Bamber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fay","family":"Chinnery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran","family":"Webley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"McDonagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravan","family":"Boddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haqeeqat","family":"Gurm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Saffioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Rajoriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Sobell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Sobell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zia","family":"Sadique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Ewings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Jalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5696-359X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gautam","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9958","key":"9005_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61838-9","volume":"384","author":"R Williams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williams R, et al. Addressing liver disease in the UK: a blueprint for attaining excellence in health care and reducing premature mortality from lifestyle issues of excess consumption of alcohol, obesity, and viral hepatitis. Lancet. 2014;384(9958):1953\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9005_CR2","unstructured":"National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death, Measuring the units: a review of patients who died with alcohol related liver disease. 2013."},{"key":"9005_CR3","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics, Alcohol-specific deaths in the UK: registered in 2017. 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"9005_CR4","first-page":"206","volume":"3","author":"AM Diehl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Diehl AM. Alcoholic liver disease: natural history. Liver Transpl Surg. 1997;3(3):206\u201311.","journal-title":"Liver Transpl Surg"},{"key":"9005_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaner EF, et al. Effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care populations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2:CD004148.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004148.pub4"},{"issue":"3","key":"9005_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00071.x","volume":"28","author":"EF Kaner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaner EF, et al. The effectiveness of brief alcohol interventions in primary care settings: a systematic review. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2009;28(3):301\u201323.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"9005_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preben Bendtsen PA, Wojnar M, Newbury-Birch D, M\u00fcssener U, Colom J, Karlsson N, et al. Professional\u2019s attitudes do not influence screening and brief interventions rates for hazardous and harmful drinkers: results from ODHIN Study. Alcohol Alcohol. 2015.","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agv020"},{"issue":"9785","key":"9005_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60701-0","volume":"378","author":"C Free","year":"2011","unstructured":"Free C, et al. Smoking cessation support delivered via mobile phone text messaging (txt2stop): a single-blind, randomised trial. Lancet. 2011;378(9785):49\u201355.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"9005_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100993","volume":"6","author":"G Mehta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mehta G, et al. AlcoChange: a digital therapeutic for patients with alcohol-related liver disease. JHEP Rep. 2024;6(4): 100993.","journal-title":"JHEP Rep"},{"key":"9005_CR10","volume-title":"AlcoChange \u2013 a smartphone tool to reduce alcohol use and admissions in alcoholic liver disease","author":"GautamKM Mehta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mehta Gautam KM. AlcoChange \u2013 a smartphone tool to reduce alcohol use and admissions in alcoholic liver disease. London: Royal Free London NHS Trust; 2017."},{"issue":"3","key":"9005_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzy160","volume":"31","author":"JE Reed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reed JE, et al. Successful healthcare improvements from translating evidence in complex systems (SHIFT-Evidence): simple rules to guide practice and research. Int J Qual Health Care. 2019;31(3):238\u201344.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Health Care"},{"key":"9005_CR12","unstructured":"Bamber J. Quality imprvement in surgery - basic principles 2021."},{"issue":"3","key":"9005_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2014-003627","volume":"24","author":"F Davidoff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Davidoff F, et al. Demystifying theory and its use in improvement. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015;24(3):228\u201338.","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"key":"9005_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crombie IK, et al. Texting to Reduce Alcohol Misuse (TRAM): main findings from a randomized controlled trial of a text message intervention to reduce binge drinking among disadvantaged men. Addiction. 2018.","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14229"},{"key":"9005_CR15","unstructured":"FormsVision BV. Alea tools for clinical trials. [Website] 2023 [cited 2023 1st August 2023]; Available from: https:\/\/www.aleaclinical.eu."},{"issue":"4","key":"9005_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agr044","volume":"46","author":"K Cobain","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cobain K, et al. Brief interventions in dependent drinkers: a comparative prospective analysis in two hospitals. Alcohol Alcohol. 2011;46(4):434\u201340.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"9005_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c332","volume":"340","author":"KF Schulz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schulz KF, et al. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ. 2010;340: c332.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9005_CR18","volume-title":"NICE health technology evaluations: the manual","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2022","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. NICE health technology evaluations: the manual. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2022."},{"key":"9005_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofer BS, et al. Alcohol abstinence improves prognosis across all stages of portal hypertension in alcohol-related cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21(9):2308\u20132317 e7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.11.033"},{"issue":"6","key":"9005_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29825","volume":"67","author":"SR Atkinson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Atkinson SR, et al. People who survive an episode of severe alcoholic hepatitis should be advised to maintain total abstinence from alcohol. Hepatology. 2018;67(6):2479\u201380.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9005_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agq005","volume":"45","author":"SJ Adamson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adamson SJ, et al. Initial preference for drinking goal in the treatment of alcohol problems: II. Treatment outcomes. Alcohol Alcohol. 2010;45(2):136\u201342.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9005_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agp096","volume":"45","author":"N Heather","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heather N, et al. Initial preference for drinking goal in the treatment of alcohol problems: I. baseline differences between abstinence and non-abstinence groups. Alcohol Alcohol. 2010;45(2):128\u201335.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-025-09005-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-025-09005-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-025-09005-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T08:57:58Z","timestamp":1761901078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-025-09005-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-025-09005-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Andrew Cook declares no competing interest.Sean Ewings declares no competing interest.Megan Lawrence declares no competing interest.Elizabeth Dixon declares no competing interest.Gautam Mehta owns shares in Yaqrit Ltd and Hepyx Ltd, which are involved in the development of therapies for advanced liver disease.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"456"}}