{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:57:02Z","timestamp":1786964222283,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Foundation of Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences","award":["SSF-23-02-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SSF-23-02-003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Trials"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-025-09110-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:26:27Z","timestamp":1761121587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Remote precise diet management intervention of defecation dysfunction among patients with rectal cancer after the sphincter-saving surgery: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian Min","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiyong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"9110_CR1","first-page":"229","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229\u201363.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"9110_CR2","first-page":"209","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209\u201349.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"03","key":"9110_CR3","first-page":"221","volume":"46","author":"RS Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng RS, Chen R, Han BF, et al. Analysis of the Prevalence of Malignant Tumors in China in 2022[J]. Chin J Oncol. 2024;46(03):221\u201331.","journal-title":"Chin J Oncol"},{"issue":"29","key":"9110_CR4","first-page":"291","volume":"4","author":"ZG Zhou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhou ZG, Wang ZQ. Interpretation of guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of middle and low rectal cancer in Europe, America and Japan. Chin J Pract Surg. 2009;4(29):291\u20132.","journal-title":"Chin J Pract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"9110_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"21","author":"RS Zheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zheng RS, Zhang SW, Wu YL, et al. Analysis of incidence and death of malignant tumors in tumor registration areas of China in 2008 [J]. Chinese Cancer. 2012;21(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Chin Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"9110_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-024-01237-0","volume":"24","author":"Q Qin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qin Q, Gan X, Lin P, et al. Development and validation of a multi-modal ultrasomics model to predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. BMC Med Imaging. 2024;24(1):65.","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"9110_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000003261","volume":"67","author":"NM Kohrman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kohrman NM, Wlodarczyk JR, Ding L, et al. Rectal cancer survival for residual carcinoma in situ versus pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant therapy. Dis Colon Rectum. 2024;67(7):920\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"3","key":"9110_CR8","first-page":"110","volume":"10","author":"SL Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li SL, Wang H, Wang XG, et al. Systematic therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncol Transl Med. 2024;10(3):110\u20138.","journal-title":"Oncol Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"9110_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/ot9.0000000000000051","volume":"10","author":"JJ Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen JJ, Chen KL, Yuan XL. Advances in the therapeutic study of oncolytic virus in colorectal cancer. Oncol Transl Med. 2024;10(4):171\u20137.","journal-title":"Oncol Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9110_CR10","first-page":"13","volume":"17","author":"D Du","year":"2018","unstructured":"Du D, Su Z, Wang D, et al. Optimal interval to surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2018;17(1):13\u201324.","journal-title":"Clin Colorectal Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"9110_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15421","volume":"90","author":"C Keane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keane C, Fearnhead NS, Bordeianou LG, et al. International consensus definition of low anterior resection syndrome. ANZ J Surg. 2020;90(3):300\u20137.","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"9110_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scrs.2021.100846","volume":"32","author":"M Gramellini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gramellini M, Carrano FM, Spinelli A. Role of surgical approach on LARS: LAR vs. TEM, TAMIS, transanal excision, TaTME. Semin Colon Rectal Surg. 2021;32(4):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Semin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"9110_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-018-3006-x","volume":"33","author":"J Kupsch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kupsch J, Jackisch T, Matzel KE, et al. Outcome of bowel function following anterior resection for rectal cancer-an analysis using the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2018;33(6):787\u201398.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"9110_CR14","first-page":"1199","volume":"28","author":"A Bohlok","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bohlok A, Mercier C, Bouazza F, et al. The burden of low anterior resection syndrome on quality of life in patients with mid or low rectal cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2020;28(3):1199\u2013206.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"9110_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-020-02147-3","volume":"24","author":"MX Bjoern","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bjoern MX, Perdawood SK. Manometric assessment of anorectal function after transanal total mesorectal excision. Tech Coloproctol. 2020;24(3):231\u20136.","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9110_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-015-1424-0","volume":"20","author":"NE Samalavicius","year":"2016","unstructured":"Samalavicius NE, Dulskas A, Lasinskas M, et al. Validity and reliability of a Lithuanian version of low anterior resection syndrome score. Tech Coloproctol. 2016;20(4):215\u201320.","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9110_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001228","volume":"62","author":"EHA Pieniowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pieniowski EHA, Palmer GJ, Juul T, et al. Low anterior resection syndrome and quality of life after sphincter-sparing rectal cancer surgery: a long-term longitudinal follow-up. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019;62(1):14\u201320.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"1","key":"9110_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11882","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68900-8","volume":"10","author":"A Dulskas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dulskas A, Kavaliauskas P, Pilipavicius L, et al. Long-term bowel dysfunction following low anterior resection. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):11882.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"18","key":"9110_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5962","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185962","volume":"12","author":"E Muttillo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Muttillo E, La Franca A, Coppola A, et al. Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after surgery for rectal cancer: an inevitable price to pay for survival, or a preventable complication? J Clin Med. 2023;12(18):5962\u201372.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9110_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs5.50312","volume":"4","author":"EHA Pieniowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pieniowski EHA, Nordenvall C, Palmer G, et al. Prevalence of low anterior resection syndrome and impact on quality of life after rectal cancer surgery: population-based study. BJS Open. 2020;4(5):935\u201342.","journal-title":"BJS Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"9110_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1159\/000496434","volume":"37","author":"M Van Heinsbergen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Heinsbergen M, Leijtens JW, Slooter GD, et al. Quality of life and bowel dysfunction after transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal cancer: one third of patients experience major low anterior resection syndrome. Dig Surg. 2020;37(1):39\u201346.","journal-title":"Dig Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"9110_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2011.07.002","volume":"16","author":"M Landers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Landers M, McCarthy G, Savage E. Bowel symptom experiences and management following sphincter saving surgery for rectal cancer: a qualitative perspective. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2012;16(3):293\u2013300.","journal-title":"Eur J Oncol Nurs"},{"issue":"13","key":"9110_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4317","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4731-9","volume":"22","author":"V Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun V, Grant M, Wendel CS, et al. Dietary and behavioral adjustments to manage bowel dysfunction after surgery in long-term colorectal cancer survivors. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(13):4317\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9110_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/00152192-200601000-00007","volume":"33","author":"JL Hansen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hansen JL, Bliss DZ, Peden-McAlpine C. Diet strategies used by women to manage fecal incontinence. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2006;33(1):52\u201362.","journal-title":"J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs"},{"key":"9110_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu W, Xia HO. The impact of dietary factors on the relief of bowel dysfunction among patients with rectal cancer after the sphincter-saving surgery\u2014a prospective cohort study. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12029-023-00997-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-023-00997-2"},{"key":"9110_CR26","unstructured":"Liu HM. Influencing factors and countermeasures of self-management of intestinal symptoms in patients with rectal cancer after anal preservation surgery. Zun YI medical school: Zun Yi, 2008."},{"issue":"6","key":"9110_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/WON.0b013e3181feb017","volume":"37","author":"E Croswell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Croswell E, Bliss DZ, Savik K. Diet and eating pattern modifications used by community living adults to manage their fecal incontinence. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2010;37(6):677\u201382.","journal-title":"J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs"},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"9110_CR28","first-page":"2343","volume":"23","author":"L Margaret","year":"2014","unstructured":"Margaret L, Geraldine M, Vicki L, et al. Patients\u2019 bowel symptom experiences and self-care strategies following sphincter-saving surgery for rectal cancer. J Clin Nurs. 2014;23(15\u201316):2343\u201354.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"35","key":"9110_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"18","author":"Y Lishi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lishi Y, Ling F, Renfu T, et al. Bowel symptoms and self-care strategies of survivors in the process of restoration after low anterior resection of rectal cancer. BMC Surgery, 2018;18(35):1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"9110_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515001798","volume":"114","author":"MJ Bour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bour MJ, Beijer S, Winkels RM, et al. Dietary changes and dietary supplement use, and underlying motives for these habits reported by colorectal cancer survivors of the patient reported outcomes following initial treatment and long-term evaluation of survivorship (PROFILES) registry[J]. Br J Nutr. 2015;114(2):286\u201396.","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"9110_CR31","first-page":"18","volume":"13","author":"EB Claire Taylor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Claire Taylor EB. Holistic assessment of anterior resection syndrome[J]. Oncology. 2015;13(3):18\u201324.","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9110_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.768","volume":"8","author":"W Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu W, Xu JM, Zhang YX, et al. The experience of dealing with defecation dysfunction by changing eating behavior among people with rectal cancer following sphincter-saving surgery: a qualitative study. Nurs Open. 2021;8(3):1501\u20131509.","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"13","key":"9110_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35264","volume":"130","author":"V Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun V, Guthrie KA, Crane TE, et al. SWOG S1820: a pilot randomized trial of the altering intake, managing bowel symptoms intervention in survivors of rectal cancer (AIMS-RC). Cancer. 2024;130(13):2384\u201394.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9110_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2023.102436","author":"H Tsui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsui H, Lee SYCK, Lin BR, et al. Effectiveness of dietary fiber experiential learning on bowel symptom after surgery for colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejon.2023.102436.","journal-title":"Eur J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"9110_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4766","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144766","volume":"12","author":"M Borre","year":"2023","unstructured":"Borre M, Fassov J, Porsen JL, et al. Dietary Intervention Improves Gastrointestinal Symptoms after Treatment of Cancer in the Pelvic Organs[J]. J Clin Med. 2023;12:4766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12144766.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9110_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pbaf004","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbaf004","volume":"8","author":"YR Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma YR, Mu J, Gou XY, et al. Precision medication based on the evaluation of drug metabolizing enzyme and transporter functions. Precis Clin Med. 2025;8(1):pbaf004.","journal-title":"Precis Clin Med"},{"key":"9110_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhen Z, Jiang MS, Li L, et al. Precision medicine in inflammatory bowel disease. Precision Clinical Medicine, Oncology and Translational Medicine 2023;6(4):pbad033","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbad033"},{"key":"9110_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748251343247","volume":"32","author":"B Dowe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dowe B, Iheanyi-Okeahialam C, Washington A, et al. Partnering With Faith Communities to Increase Knowledge of Precision Medicine and Genetic Research in the Black Community. Cancer Control. 2025;32:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"9110_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123430","volume":"401","author":"H Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin H, Ma T, Sha X, et al. Polystyrene microplastics induced male reproductive toxicity in mice. J Hazard Mater. 2021;401:123430.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"issue":"4","key":"9110_CR40","first-page":"211","volume":"5","author":"JJ Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou JJ. The application effect of precision nursing model in postoperative dietary management for weight loss surgery. Int Clin Med. 2023;5(4):211\u20133.","journal-title":"Int Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9110_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.11.001","volume":"163","author":"D Zeevi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zeevi D, Korem T, Zmora N, et al. Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses. Cell. 2015;163(5):1079\u201394.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9110_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748251330705","volume":"32","author":"L Haith","year":"2025","unstructured":"Haith L, Deaney C, Reesby D, et al. A Retrospective Observational Study on the Impact of Digital Strategies to Boost Cervical Screening Uptake in Primary Care. Cancer Control. 2025;32:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"9110_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104339","volume":"175","author":"F Molin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Molin F, Haelermans C, Cabus S, et al. Do feedback strategies improve students\u2019 learning gain?-Results of a randomized experiment using polling technology in physics classrooms. Comput Educ. 2021;175:104339.","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"9110_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18686","DOI":"10.2196\/18686","volume":"9","author":"KJ Brickwood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brickwood KJ, Ahuja KDK, Watson G, et al. Effects of activity tracker use with health professional support or telephone counseling on maintenance of physical activity and health outcomes in older adults: randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021;9:e18686.","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"9110_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23954","DOI":"10.2196\/23954","volume":"22","author":"M Ringeval","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ringeval M, Wagner G, Denford J, et al. Fitbit-based interventions for healthy lifestyle outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22:e23954.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"9110_CR46","volume-title":"An exploratory study on the correlation between defecation disorders and dietary factors after anus-preserving surgery for rectal cancer[D]","author":"W Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu W. An exploratory study on the correlation between defecation disorders and dietary factors after anus-preserving surgery for rectal cancer[D]. Shanghai: Fudan University; 2022."},{"issue":"8","key":"9110_CR47","first-page":"5","volume":"38","author":"CQ Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu CQ, Sun XL, Wang J, et al. Family participatory case health management for overweight or obese polyeystic ovary syndrome patients. J Nursing. 2023;38(8):5\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nursing"},{"issue":"7","key":"9110_CR48","first-page":"657","volume":"20","author":"X He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He X, He XY, Rui SY, et al. Evaluation of the application of the mint diet system implanted with PDA for timely recording and intervention in diabetic diet management. Clin Educ Gen Practa. 2022;20(7):657\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Educ Gen Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"9110_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31824f1c21","volume":"255","author":"KJ Emmertsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Emmertsen KJ, Laurberg S. Low anterior resection syndrome score: development and validation of a symptom-based scoring system for bowel dysfunction after low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2012;255(5):922\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"27","key":"9110_CR50","first-page":"69","volume":"29","author":"YL Cao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cao YL, Wei L, Wang CM. Localization and reliability correction evaluation of anterior resection syndrome rating scale. Chin J Pract Nurs. 2013;29(27):69\u201372.","journal-title":"Chin J Pract Nurs"},{"key":"9110_CR51","unstructured":"Niu JX. Diet quality and associated factors among patients with coronary heart disease[D]. Peking Union Medical College: Beijing. 2008."},{"issue":"7","key":"9110_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2018.03.025","volume":"44","author":"L Trenti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trenti L, Galvez A, Biondo S, et al. Quality of life and anterior resection syndrome after surgery for mid to low rectal cancer: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2018;44(7):1031\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9110_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2019.01.003","volume":"67","author":"KT Hickey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hickey KT, Bakken S, Byrne MW, et al. Precision health: advancing symptom and self-management science. Nurs Outlook. 2019;67(4):462\u201375.","journal-title":"Nurs Outlook"},{"issue":"6","key":"9110_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12518","volume":"51","author":"A Sarkweather","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarkweather A, Jacelon CS, Bakken S, et al. The use of technology to support precision health in nursing science[J]. J Nurs Scholar. 2019;51(6):614\u201323.","journal-title":"J Nurs Scholar"},{"key":"9110_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henderson WA, Rahim-Williams, Kim KH, et al. The gastrointestinal pain pointer: a valid and innovative method to assess gastrointestinal symptoms. Gastro Enterol Nurs. 2017;40(5):357\u2013363.","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0000000000000210"},{"key":"9110_CR56","unstructured":"WHO Global Observatory for eHealth. mHealth: New Horizons for Health through Mobile Technologies: Second Global Survey on eHealth. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/44607 (accessed on 2 June 2022)."},{"issue":"1","key":"9110_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.08.014","volume":"58","author":"DM Smith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith DM, Duque L, Huffman JC, et al. Text message interventions for physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2020;58(1):142\u201351.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"9110_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12903","volume":"20","author":"K Villinger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villinger K, Wahl DR, Boeing H, et al. The effectiveness of app-based mobile interventions on nutrition behaviours and nutrition-related health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2019;20(10):1465\u201384.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"}],"container-title":["Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-025-09110-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13063-025-09110-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13063-025-09110-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T09:05:33Z","timestamp":1761123933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13063-025-09110-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-025-09110-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-6215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-6215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study has undergone full ethical review by the Zhongshan Hospital Medical Ethics Committee and was approved 23rd January 2024(B2024-019R). Informed written consent will be provided to participate before the study begins, which is the approved consent process by the ethics committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"428"}}