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The fraction was inactive toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE); however, it inhibited the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value of 68.16\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, compared with donepezil as the reference drug (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20091.97\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) via Ellman\u2019s method. It also showed good percentage of neuroprotection (86.28% at 100\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) against H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-induced neurotoxicity and moderate metal chelating ability toward Zn<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Fe<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, and Cu<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>. The phytochemical study led to isolation and identification of malabaricone A (<jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>), malabaricone C (<jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>), 4-(4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethylbutyl)benzene-1,2-diol (<jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>), nectandrin B (<jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>), macelignan (<jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold>), and 4-(4-(benzo[<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbutyl)-2-methoxyphenol (<jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>) which were assayed for their cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activity. Compounds <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold> and <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold> were not previously reported for <jats:italic>M. fragrans<\/jats:italic>. Among isolated compounds, compound <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold> showed the best activity toward both AChE and BChE with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 25.02 and 22.36\u00a0\u03bcM, respectively, compared with donepezil (0.07 and 4.73\u00a0\u03bcM, respectively).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-022-00897-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T04:30:16Z","timestamp":1669609816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Phytochemical analysis and anticholinesterase activity of aril of Myristica fragrans Houtt"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Arezoo","family":"Rastegari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Manayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Rezakazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Eftekhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahnaz","family":"Khanavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahmineh","family":"Akbarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Saeedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"897_CR1","unstructured":"2022 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Facts and Figures [https:\/\/www.alz.org\/media\/documents\/alzheimers-facts-and-figures.pdf]"},{"issue":"s1","key":"897_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-179921","volume":"64","author":"C-X Gong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gong C-X, Liu F, Iqbal K. 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