{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T14:45:31Z","timestamp":1785509131216,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSAU\/2025\/03\/33262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2025\/03\/33262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Chemistry"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-025-01700-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T18:04:24Z","timestamp":1765562664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Greenness and whiteness profiles of a validated HPTLC method for the simultaneous analysis of clopidogrel and rosuvastatin in fixed-dose combination capsules"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Prawez","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiyaz","family":"Shakeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed H.","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Foudah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq M.","family":"Aljarba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1700_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/09537109876799","volume":"9","author":"P Savi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Savi P, Nurden P, Nurden AT, Levy-Toledano S, Herbert JM. Clopidogrel: a review of its mechanism of action. Platelets. 1998;9:251\u20135.","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"1700_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-023-01079-x","volume":"17","author":"EM Mostafa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mostafa EM, El-Ashrey MK, Mahmoud ST. An innovative combination of Box-Behnken design and ecofriendly approaches for the simultaneous determination of aspirin, clopidogrel, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in their fixed\u2011dose combination tablets. BMC Chem. 2023;17:164.","journal-title":"BMC Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176408","volume":"21","author":"A Wi\u015bniewski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wi\u015bniewski A, Filipska K. The phenomenon of clopidogrel high on-treatment platelet reactivity in ischemic stroke subjects: a comprehensive review. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:6408.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1700_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jct.2015.11.019","volume":"94","author":"DH Alshora","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alshora DH, Haq N, Alanazi FK, Ibrahim MA, Shakeel F. Solubility of rosuvastatin calcium in different neat solvents at different temperatures. J Chem Thermodyn. 2016;94:230\u20133.","journal-title":"J Chem Thermodyn"},{"key":"1700_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2004.00299.x","volume":"19","author":"M Schachter","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schachter M. Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of statins: an update. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2005;19:117\u201325.","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1700_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2013.1469","volume":"9","author":"AO Kamel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamel AO, Mahmoud AA. Enhancement of human oral bioavailability and in vitro antitumor activity of rosuvastatin via spray dried self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2013;9:26\u201339.","journal-title":"J Biomed Nanotechnol"},{"key":"1700_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"2013","author":"PS Baliram","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baliram PS, Pravin G, Ruben R, Kondawar MS. Simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin calcium and clopidogrel bisulphate by first order derivative UV spectrophotometric method. Invent Rap Pharm Anal Qual Assurance. 2013;2013:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Invent Rap Pharm Anal Qual Assurance"},{"key":"1700_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5958\/2231-5675.2018.00005.4","volume":"8","author":"R Telrandhe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Telrandhe R. Development and validation of UV spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of rosuvastin and clopidogrel in tablet dosage form. Asian J Pharmaceutical Anal. 2018;8:25\u201332.","journal-title":"Asian J Pharmaceutical Anal"},{"key":"1700_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1080\/22297928.2021.1929470","volume":"11","author":"S Pandey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pandey S, Karmakar NK, Pandey RK, Shukla SS. A double divisor ratio spectra derivative method for the ternary mixture of aspirin, clopidogrel bisulphate and rosuvastatin calcium. Anal Chem Lett. 2021;11:696\u2013707.","journal-title":"Anal Chem Lett"},{"key":"1700_CR10","first-page":"475","volume":"5","author":"H Rothekar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rothekar H, Telrandhe R, Jumade P. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of rosuvastatin and clopidogrel in tablet dosage form. Int J Pharm Drug Anal. 2017;5:475\u201382.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Drug Anal"},{"key":"1700_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-360X.2020.00244.9","volume":"13","author":"S Palatheeya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palatheeya S, Rao KH, Rao BV. A modified stability indicating liquid chromatographic method development and validation for the estimation of clopidogrel and rosuvastatin in bulk and tablet dosage forms. Res J Pharm Technol. 2020;13:1324\u20138.","journal-title":"Res J Pharm Technol"},{"key":"1700_CR12","first-page":"296","volume":"10","author":"A Pimpale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pimpale A, Kakde R. Development and validation for simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin calcium and clopidogrel bisulfate in pharmaceutical dosage form by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. Int J Pharm Biol Sci. 2020;10:296\u2013303.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Biol Sci"},{"key":"1700_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.22159\/ijpps.2018v10i10.28329","volume":"10","author":"P Pisal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pisal P, Nigade G, Kale A, Pawar S. Development and validation of stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of aspirin, rosuvastatin, clopidogrel in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2018;10:51\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"1700_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v9i4-s.3351","volume":"9","author":"PK Tiwari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tiwari PK, Jain A, Dubey B, Pandey G, Dhakad S. Analytical method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of aspirin, clopidogrel and rosuvastatin in pharmaceutical dosage form. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2019;9:432\u20138.","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Ther"},{"key":"1700_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmac058","volume":"61","author":"A Youssrey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Youssrey A, Hegazy MA, Morsi A, Essam HM. Development and validation of green chromatographic approaches for simultaneous determination of aspirin, rosuvastatin and clopidogrel in their tertiary mixture. J Chromatogr Sci. 2023;61:930\u201342.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr Sci"},{"key":"1700_CR16","first-page":"930","volume":"7","author":"P Agrawal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agrawal P, Rao JR, Dhale C. Development and validation of stability indicating HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of aspirin,clopidogrel bisulphate and rosuvastatin calcium in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage formulation. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2018;7:930\u201353.","journal-title":"World J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"1700_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cem.3474","volume":"37","author":"NS AlSawy","year":"2023","unstructured":"AlSawy NS, ElKady EF, Mostafa EA. A novel eco-friendly methods for simultaneous determination of aspirin, clopidogrel, and atorvastatin or rosuvastatin in their fixed-dose combination using chemometric techniques and artificial neural networks. J Chemom. 2023;37:3474.","journal-title":"J Chemom"},{"key":"1700_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmu210","volume":"53","author":"PK Porwal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Porwal PK, Akhalaque ARA, Chhajed SS, Chatpalliwar VA. Liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantitation of clopidogrel, aspirin and atorvastatin in rat plasma and its application to the pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr Sci. 2015;53:1155\u201362.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr Sci"},{"key":"1700_CR19","first-page":"219","volume":"6","author":"JB Nagavi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagavi JB, Gurupadayya B. Development and validation of bio-analytical RP-ultra fast liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of clopidogrel and rosuvastatin in human plasma. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015;6:219\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Res"},{"key":"1700_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2013.04.010","volume":"50","author":"A Galuszka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Galuszka A, Migaszewski Z, Namiesnik J. The 12 principles of green analytical chemistry and the significance mnemonic of green analytical practices. Trends Anal Chem. 2013;50:78\u201384.","journal-title":"Trends Anal Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2021.116223","volume":"138","author":"PM Nowak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nowak PM, Wietecha-Pos\u0142uszny R, Pawliszyn J. White analytical chemistry: an approach to reconcile the principles of green analytical chemistry and functionality. Trac Trends Anal Chem. 2021;138:116223.","journal-title":"Trac Trends Anal Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c06229","volume":"12","author":"P Alam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alam P, Shakeel F, Alshehri S, Iqbal M, Foudah AI, Aljarba TM, et al. Simultaneous estimation of lesinurad and allopurinol in the new FDA-approved products using a greener normal-phase HPTLC method: Greenness assessment using the NEMI, analytical eco-score, ChlorTox, and AGREE methods. ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2024;12:1526\u201335.","journal-title":"ACS Sustain Chem Eng"},{"key":"1700_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00764-023-00262-z","volume":"37","author":"P Prajapati","year":"2024","unstructured":"Prajapati P, Salunkhe M, Pulusu V, Shah S. Implementation of white analytical chemistry-driven analytical quality risk assessment and design of experiments to multipurpose chromatographic method for the synchronous estimation of multiple drugs co-formulated with paracetamol. JPC J Planar Chromatogr Mod TLC. 2024;37:69\u201386.","journal-title":"JPC J Planar Chromatogr Mod TLC"},{"key":"1700_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA07825H","volume":"10","author":"P Alam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alam P, Ezzeldin E, Iqbal M, Anwer MK, Mostafa GAE, Alqarni MH, et al. Ecofriendly densitometric RP-HPTLC method for determination of rivaroxaban in nanoparticle formulations using green solvents. RSC Adv. 2020;10:2133\u201340.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"1700_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2021.105960","volume":"164","author":"AI Foudah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foudah AI, Shakeel F, Alqarni MH, Alam P. A rapid and sensitive stability-indicating green RP-HPTLC method for the quantitation of flibanserin compared to green NP-HPTLC method: validation studies and greenness assessment. Microchem J. 2021;164:105960.","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"1700_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/gps-2023-0264","volume":"13","author":"P Alam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alam P, Shakeel F, Alshehri S, Iqbal M, Foudah AI, Aljarba TM, et al. Simultaneous determination of lesinurad and febuxostat in commercial fixed-dose combinations using a greener normal-phase HPTLC method. Green Process Synth. 2024;13:20230264.","journal-title":"Green Process Synth"},{"key":"1700_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2012.03.013","volume":"376","author":"A Galuszka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Galuszka A, Konieczka P, Migaszewski ZM, Namiesnik J. Analytical eco-scale for assessing the greenness of analytical procedures. Trends Anal Chem. 2012;376:61\u201372.","journal-title":"Trends Anal Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.greeac.2023.100056","volume":"5","author":"PM Nowak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nowak PM, Wietecha-Posluszny R, Plotka-Wasylka J, Tobiszewski M. How to evaluate methods used in chemical laboratories in terms of the total chemical risk? A chlorTox scale. Green Anal Chem. 2023;5:100056.","journal-title":"Green Anal Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10076","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c01887","volume":"92","author":"F Pena-Pereira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pena-Pereira F, Wojnowski W, Tobiszewski M. AGREE-analytical GREEnness metric approach and software. Anal Chem. 2020;92:10076\u201382.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3390\/analytica5030030","volume":"5","author":"FR Mansour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mansour FR, Plotka-Wasylka J, Locatelli M. Modified GAPI (MoGAPI) tool and software for the assessment method greenness: case studies and applications. Analytica. 2024;5:451\u20137.","journal-title":"Analytica"},{"key":"1700_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.greeac.2024.100126","volume":"10","author":"FR Mansour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mansour FR, Omer KM, Plotka-Wasylka J. A tool scoring system and software for complex modified GAPI (ComplexGAPI) application in the assessment of method greenness. Green Anal Chem. 2024;10:100126.","journal-title":"Green Anal Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7598","DOI":"10.1039\/D3GC02347H","volume":"25","author":"N Manousi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manousi N, Wojnowski W, Plotka-Wasylka J, Samanidou V. Blue applicability grade index (BAGI) and software: a new tool for the evaluation of method practicality. Green Chem. 2023;25:7598\u2013604.","journal-title":"Green Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-025-01486-2","volume":"19","author":"FR Mansour","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mansour FR, Nowak PM. Introducing the carbon footprint reduction index (CaFRI) as a software-supported tool for greener laboratories in chemical analysis. BMC Chem. 2025;19:121.","journal-title":"BMC Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sampre.2025.100164","volume":"14","author":"FR Mansour","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mansour FR, Bedair A, Locatelli M. Click analytical chemistry index as a novel concept and framework, supported with open source software to assess analytical methods. Adv Sample Prep. 2025;14:100164.","journal-title":"Adv Sample Prep"},{"key":"1700_CR35","unstructured":"International Council for Harmonisation (ICH), Q2 (R2). Guideline on validation of analytical procedures\u2013text and methodology. Geneva, Switzerland; 2023."},{"key":"1700_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/17518250903258150","volume":"2","author":"BW Cue","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cue BW, Zhang J. Green process chemistry in the pharmaceutical industry. Green Chem Lett Rev. 2009;2:193\u2013211.","journal-title":"Green Chem Lett Rev"},{"key":"1700_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1039\/C5GC01008J","volume":"18","author":"D Prat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prat D, Wells A, Hayler J, Sneddon H, McElroy CB, Abou-Snehada S, et al. CHEM21 selection guide of classical- and less-classical solvents. Green Chem. 2016;18:288\u201396.","journal-title":"Green Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2023.105571","volume":"17","author":"F Shakeel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shakeel F, Alam P, Alqarni MH, Iqbal M, Anwer MK, Alshehri S. A greener RP-HPTLC-densitometry method for the quantification of apremilast in nanoformulations and commercial tablets: greenness assessment by analytical eco-scale, ChlorTox, and AGREE methods. Arab J Chem. 2024;17:E105571.","journal-title":"Arab J Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2024.105693","volume":"17","author":"P Alam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alam P, Shakeel F, Alshehri S, Alhaiti A, Alqarni MH, Foudah AI, et al. Analysis of the greenness to determine risperidone in commercial products using a green stability-indicating HPTLC method. Arab J Chem. 2024;17:E105693.","journal-title":"Arab J Chem"},{"key":"1700_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201500522","volume":"38","author":"N Goudarzi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goudarzi N, Farsimadan S, Chamjangali MA, Bagherian GA. Development of coupled ultrasound-assisted and reversed-phase dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction before high-performance liquid chromatography for the sensitive determination of vitamin A and vitamin E in oil samples. J Sep Sci. 2015;38:3254\u201361.","journal-title":"J Sep Sci"},{"key":"1700_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2016.04.003","volume":"128","author":"S Farsimadan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Farsimadan S, Goudarzi N, Chamjangali MA, Bagherian GA. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets by experimental design methodologies for determination of three anti-anxiety drugs inhuman serum and urine samples by high performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J. 2016;128:47\u201354.","journal-title":"Microchem J"}],"container-title":["BMC Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13065-025-01700-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13065-025-01700-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13065-025-01700-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:08:00Z","timestamp":1768403280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13065-025-01700-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13065-025-01700-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2661-801X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2661-801X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}