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Microalgae have been considered excellent biological materials for flue gas removal, particularly CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mitigation. However, tolerance to high temperatures is also critical for outdoor microalgal mass cultivation. Therefore, flue gas- and thermo-tolerant mutants of <jats:italic>Chlorella vulgaris<\/jats:italic> ESP-31 were generated and characterized for their ability to grow under various conditions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, we obtained two CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>- and thermo-tolerant mutants of <jats:italic>Chlorella vulgaris<\/jats:italic> ESP-31, namely, 283 and 359, with enhanced CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> tolerance and thermo-tolerance by using <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-methyl-<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-nitro-<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis followed by screening at high temperature and under high CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> conditions with the w-zipper pouch selection method. The two mutants exhibited higher photosynthetic activity and biomass productivity than that of the ESP-31 wild type. More importantly, the mutants were able to grow at high temperature (40\u00a0\u00b0C) and a high concentration of simulated flue gas (25% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, 80\u201390\u00a0ppm SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, 90\u2013100\u00a0ppm NO) and showed higher carbohydrate and lipid contents than did the ESP-31 wild type.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The two thermo- and flue gas-tolerant mutants of <jats:italic>Chlorella vulgaris<\/jats:italic> ESP-31 were useful for CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> mitigation from flue gas under heated conditions and for the production of carbohydrates and biodiesel directly using CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from flue gas.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-019-1590-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]],"date-time":"2019-10-19T14:02:22Z","timestamp":1571493742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Isolation and characterization of Chlorella sp. mutants with enhanced thermo- and CO2 tolerances for CO2 sequestration and utilization of flue gases"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hsiang-Hui","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiang-Yen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Di","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Te-Jin","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo-Shu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tse-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1590_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2008.12.017","volume":"238","author":"E Favre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Favre E, Bounaceur R, Roizard D. 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