{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:54:31Z","timestamp":1792652071646,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415318400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0494-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T13:24:30Z","timestamp":1415971470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Establishment of macrocyclic lactone resistant Dirofilaria immitis isolates in experimentally infected laboratory dogs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Cassan N","family":"Pulaski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B","family":"Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Bourguinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Prichard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Geary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R","family":"Klei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Guidry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George `Bud\u2019","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Delcambre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Bova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Pepping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Schenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Pariaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"494_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.04.004","volume":"133","author":"VA Hampshire","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hampshire VA: Evaluation of efficacy of heartworm preventive products at the FDA. Vet Parasitol. 2005, 133: 191-195. 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.04.004.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"494_CR2","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Proc American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists 56th Annual Meeting: 16-19 July 2011","author":"N Pulaski Cassan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pulaski Cassan N, Malone John B, Lynch Sara A: Geospatial Patterns of Macrocyclic Lactone Preventive Drugs Lack of Efficacy Against Dirofilaria immitis in Louisiana. Proc American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists 56th Annual Meeting: 16-19 July 2011. 2011, American Association of Veterinary Parasitology, St. Louis, MO, 49-"},{"key":"494_CR3","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Proc American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists 56th Annual Meeting: 16-19 July 2011","author":"BL Blagburn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blagburn BL, Vaughn JL, Butler JM, Mount JD, Spencer JA, Carmichael J, Schenker R: Evaluation or Susceptibility of Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) Biotypes to Macrocyclic Lactones Using Microfilariae-based Single Dose and Dose-Mortality Regression Assays. Proc American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists 56th Annual Meeting: 16-19 July 2011. 2011, American Association of Veterinary Parasitology, St. Louis, MO, 98-99."},{"key":"494_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2013.05.001","volume":"3","author":"CC Evans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evans CC, Moorhead AR, Storey BE, Wolstenholme AJ: Kaplan RM:Development of an in vitro bioassay for measuring susceptibility to macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics in Dirofilaria immitis. Int J Parasitol Drug Drug Resist. 2013, 3: 102-108. 10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2013.05.001.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drug Drug Resist"},{"key":"494_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.04.012","volume":"181","author":"C Bourguinat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bourguinat C, Keller K, Bhan A, Peregrine A, Geary T, Prichard R: Macrocyclic lactone resistance in Dirofilaria immitis. Vet Parasitol. 2011, 181: 388-392. 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.04.012.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"494_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.01.024","volume":"176","author":"C Bourguinat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bourguinat C, Keller K, Blagburn B, Schenker R, Geary T, Prichard R: Correlation between loss of efficacy of macrocyclic lactone heartworm anthelmintics and P-glycoprotein genotype. Vet Parasitol. 2011, 176: 374-381. 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.01.024.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"494_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.01.023","volume":"176","author":"C Bourguinat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bourguinat C, Keller K, Prichard R, Geary T: Genetic polymorphism in Dirofilaria immitis. Vet Parasitol. 2011, 176: 368-373. 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.01.023.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"494_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.09.004","volume":"26","author":"T Geary","year":"2011","unstructured":"Geary T, Bourguinat C, Prichard R: Evidence for macrocyclic lactone anthelmintic resistance in Dirofilaria immitis. Top Companion Anim Med. 2011, 26: 185-192. 10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.09.004.","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med"},{"key":"494_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.07.001","volume":"26","author":"DD Bowman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bowman DD, Mannella C: Macrocyclic Lactones and Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae. Top Companion Anim Med. 2011, 26: 160-172. 10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.07.001.","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med"},{"key":"494_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-13","volume":"5","author":"DD Bowman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bowman DD: Heartworms, macrocyclic lactones, and the specter of resistance to prevention in the United States. Parasit Vectors. 2012, 5: 13-10.1186\/1756-3305-5-138.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"494_CR11","first-page":"22","volume-title":"Proc 14th Triennial American Heartworm Symposium. LA: 8-10 September 2013","author":"C Pulaski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pulaski C, Malone J, Ward D, Klei T, Pariaut R, Bourguinat C, Prichard R, Carmichael J, Schenker R: 2013. Proc 14th Triennial American Heartworm Symposium. LA: 8-10 September 2013. 2013, American Heartworm Society, New Orleans, LA, 22-"},{"key":"494_CR12","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Proc American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists 58th Annual Meeting: 20-23 July 2013","author":"R Kaminsky","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaminsky R, Lizundia R, Blagburn B, Bowman D, Carmichael J, Schenker R, Epe C, Sager H: Efficacy studies in dogs demonstrate resistance of Dirofilaria against ivermectin and other macrocyclic lactones. Proc American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists 58th Annual Meeting: 20-23 July 2013. 2013, American Association of Veterinary Parasitology, Chicago, IL, 66-"},{"key":"494_CR13","unstructured":"NIAID\/NIH Filariasis Research Reagent Repository Center (FR3): Standard Operating Procedure Protocol Manual, SOP Number 8.2-8.5. University of Georgia; 2011. www.Filariasiscenter.org\/parasite-resources\/Protocols."},{"key":"494_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470344552.ch1","volume-title":"Flynn\u2019s Parasites of Laboratory Animals","author":"PH Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith PH, Wiles SE, Malone JB, Monahan CM: Collection, Preservation and Diagnostic Methods. Flynn\u2019s Parasites of Laboratory Animals. Edited by: Baker, David G. 2007, Blackwell Publishing, Ames IA, 1-13. 10.1002\/9780470344552.ch1. 2","edition":"2"},{"key":"494_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)00204-2","volume":"66","author":"JW McCall","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCall JW, Genchi C, Kramer LH, Guerrero J, Venco L: Heartworm Disease in Animals and Humans. Adv Parasitol. 2008, 66: 193-285. 10.1016\/S0065-308X(08)00204-2.","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"494_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.09.008","volume":"158","author":"JW McCall","year":"2008","unstructured":"McCall JW, Genchi C, Kramer L, Guerrero J, Dzimianski MT, Supakorndej P, Mansour AM, McCall SD, Supakorndej N, Grandi G, Carson B: Heartworm and Wolbachia: Therapeutic implications. Vet Parasitol. 2008, 158: 201-214. 10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.09.008.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"494_CR17","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Proc 14th Triennial American Heartworm Symposium. LA: 8-10 September 2013","author":"JW McCall","year":"2013","unstructured":"McCall JW, Kramer L, Genchi C, Guerrero J, Dzimianski MT, Mansur A, McCall SD, Carson B: Doxycycline Treatment of Heartworm Microfilaremic Dogs Inhibit Embryogenesis, Blocks Further Transmission, Gradually Eliminates Circulating Microfilariae, and Kills Some Adult Heartworms. Proc 14th Triennial American Heartworm Symposium. LA: 8-10 September 2013. 2013, American Heartworm Society, New Orleans, LA, 25-"},{"key":"494_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2002035","volume":"33","author":"R Kaplan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kaplan R: Anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses. Vet Res. 2002, 33: 491-507. 10.1051\/vetres:2002035.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"494_CR19","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Proc of the Heartworm Symposium. 17-19 March 1989; Charleston SC","author":"JO Slocombe","year":"1989","unstructured":"Slocombe JO, Surgeoner D, GA S: Determination of the heartworm transmission period and its use in diagnosis and control. Proc of the Heartworm Symposium. 17-19 March 1989; Charleston SC. Edited by: Otto GF, Jackson RF, Knight DH, Campbell WC, Courtney CH, Dillon R, Hite SC Jackson RI, Levine BG, Lewis RE, Noyes JD. 1989, American Heartworm Society, Washington DC, 19-26."},{"key":"494_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12197","volume":"50","author":"T McKay","year":"2013","unstructured":"McKay T, Bianco T, Rhodes L, Barnett S: Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in mosquitoes from northeast Arkansas, the United States. J Mel Entomol. 2013, 50: 871-878. 10.1603\/ME12197.","journal-title":"J Mel Entomol"},{"issue":"4","key":"494_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.09.005","volume":"26","author":"N Ledesma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ledesma N, Harrington L: Mosquito vectors of dog heartworm in the United States: vector status and factors influencing transmission efficiency. Top Companion Anim Med. 2011, 26 (4): 178-185. 10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.09.005.","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med"},{"key":"494_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-245","volume":"5","author":"HE Brown","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brown HE, Harrington LC, Kaufman PE, McKay T, Bowman DD, Nelson CT, Wan D, Lund R: Key factors influencing canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, in the United States. Parasit Vectors. 2012, 5: 245-10.1186\/1756-3305-5-245.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"494_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-351","volume":"6","author":"OL Brady","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brady OL, Johansson MA, Guerra CA, Bhatt S, Golding N, Pigott DM, Delatte H, Grech MG, Leisnham PT, Freitas RM, Styler LM, Smith DL, Scott TW, Gething PW, Hay SI: Modelling adult Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus survival at different temperatures in laboratory and field settings. Parasit Vectors. 2013, 6: 351-10.1186\/1756-3305-6-351.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"494_CR24","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Triennial American Heartworm Symposium. LA: 8-10 September 2013","author":"A Dixon-Jimenez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dixon-Jimenez A, Rapaport G, Coleman AE, Creevy K, Roth I, Correa M, Moorhead A: Current Attitudes and Approaches to Canine Heartworm Disease Treatment Among Veterinarians in the Southeastern United States. Triennial American Heartworm Symposium. LA: 8-10 September 2013. 2013, American Heartworm Society, New Orleans, LA, 42-"},{"key":"494_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2012.05.005","volume":"185","author":"H Nana-Djeunga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nana-Djeunga H, Bourguinat C, Pion SDS, Kamgno J, Gardon J, Njiokou F, Boussinesq M, Prichard RK: Single nucleotide polymorphism in B-tubulin selected on Onchocerca volvulus following repeated ivermectin treatment: Possible indication of resistance. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2012, 185: 10-18. 10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2012.05.005.","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"494_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1980.41.12.2108","volume":"41","author":"LS Blair","year":"1980","unstructured":"Blair LS, Campbell WC: Efficacy of Ivermectin against Dirofilaria immitis larvae in dogs 31, 60, and 90 days after injection. Am J Vet Res. 1980, 41 (12): 2108-","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"494_CR27","first-page":"251","volume":"5","author":"WC Campbell","year":"1982","unstructured":"Campbell WC: Efficacy of the avermectins against filarial parasites: a short review. Vet Res Commun. 1982, 5 (3): 251-262.","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"key":"494_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4650","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-205096","volume":"26","author":"C Godel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Godel C, Kumar S, Koutsovoulos G, Ludin P, Nilsson D, Commandatore F, Wrobel N, Thompson M, Schmid CD, Gota S, Bringaud F, Wolstenholme A, Bandi C, Epe C, Kaminsky R, Blaxger M, Maser P: The genome of the heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, reveals drug and vaccine targets. FASEB J. 2012, 26: 4650-4661. 10.1096\/fj.12-205096.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"4","key":"494_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.09.003","volume":"26","author":"RB Gasser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gasser RB, Cantacessi C: Heartworm genomics: unprecedented opportunities for fundamental molecular insights and new intervention strategies. Top Companion Anim Med. 2011, 26 (4): 193-199. 10.1053\/j.tcam.2011.09.003.","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med"},{"key":"494_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-140","volume":"5","author":"J Geary","year":"2012","unstructured":"Geary J, Satti M, Moreno Y, Madrill N, Whitten D, Headley SA, Agnew D, Geary T, Mackenzie C: First analysis of the secretome of the canine heartworm. Dirofilaria Immitis Parasit Vectors. 2012, 5: 140-10.1186\/1756-3305-5-140.","journal-title":"Dirofilaria Immitis Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"494_CR31","first-page":"1371","volume":"10","author":"AS Bell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bell AS, Huijben S, Paaijmans KP, Sim DG, Chan BHK, Nelson WA, Read AF: Enhanced transmission of drug-resistant parasites to mosquitoes following drug treatment in rodent malaria. PLoS One. 2013, 10: 1371-","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"494_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2679.1","volume":"97","author":"DH Belanger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Belanger DH, Perkins SL, Rockwell RF: Inference of population structure and patterns of gene flow in canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis). J Parasitol. 2011, 97 (4): 602-609. 10.1645\/GE-2679.1.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"494_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10871","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100299108","volume":"108","author":"AF Read","year":"2011","unstructured":"Read AF, Day T, Huijben S: The evolution of drug resistance and the curious orthodoxy of aggressive chemotherapy. PNAS. 2011, 108 (suppl 2): 10871-10.1073\/pnas.1100299108.","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"494_CR34","first-page":"27","volume":"47","author":"JB Malone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Malone JB: Biology-based mapping of vector-borne parasites by geographic information systems and remote sensing. Parassitologia. 2005, 47: 27-50.","journal-title":"Parassitologia"}],"container-title":["Parasites &amp; Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-014-0494-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-014-0494-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-014-0494-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:16:07Z","timestamp":1747145767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-014-0494-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]},"references-count":34,"aliases":["10.1186\/preaccept-5912484341258228"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-014-0494-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]]},"article-number":"494"}}