{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:45:24Z","timestamp":1789454724874,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010679","name":"Pasteur Institute of Iran","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1603-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T16:52:06Z","timestamp":1464972726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Genetic dynamics in the sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) nuclear and mitochondrial genotypes: evidence for vector adaptation at the border of Iran with Iraq"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sahar","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Bordbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parviz","family":"Parvizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1603_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-120811-153557","volume":"58","author":"PD Ready","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ready PD. Biology of phlebotomine sand flies as vectors of disease agents. Annu Rev Entomol. 2013;58:227\u201350.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"1603_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030091","volume":"3","author":"ME Rogers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rogers ME, Bates PA. Leishmania manipulation of sand fly feeding behaviour results in enhanced transmission. PLoS Pathog. 2007;3, e91.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"1603_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ready PD, Rogers ME: Behaviour of sand flies infected with Leishmania. In: Ecology and control of vector-borne diseases. 2012, Vol. 3: Ecology of vector-parasite interactions, ed. CJM Koenraadt, W Takken. Wageningen, The Neth.: Wageningen Academic Publishers.","DOI":"10.3920\/9789086867448_011"},{"key":"1603_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2012.01034.x","volume":"27","author":"M Maroli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maroli M, Feliciangeli MD, Bichaud L, Charrel R, Gradoni L. Phlebotomine sand flies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern. Med Vet Entomol. 2013;27:123\u201347.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"1603_CR5","unstructured":"Nadim N, Javadian A, Mohebali M, Momeni AZ. Leishmania and leishmaniasis. 3rd ed. Iran: Iran University Press; 2008."},{"key":"1603_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-1","volume":"4","author":"O Hamarsheh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hamarsheh O. Distribution of Leishmania major zymodemes in relation to populations of Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies. Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"1603_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alvar J, V\u00e9lez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Jannin J, den Boer M. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One. 2012;7:e35671.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1603_CR8","unstructured":"Shirzadi M: Instruction of cutaneous leishmaniasis care (Salak) in Iran. M.O.H.M.E, Deputy of Health, Administration Center of Contagious Diseases, Office of Transmissible Disease between Humans and Animals. First Pub, Raze nahan 2012, Tehran. 114 p."},{"key":"1603_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2010.111","volume":"106","author":"SS Mahamdallie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mahamdallie SS, Pesson B, Ready PD. Multiple genetic divergences and population expansions of a Mediterranean sand fly, Phlebotomus ariasi, in Europe during the Pleistocene glacial cycles. Heredity. 2011;106:714\u201326.","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"1603_CR10","first-page":"25","volume":"36","author":"P Parvizi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parvizi P, Assmar M. Nuclear elongation factor 1-\u03b1 gene, A molecular marker for Iranian sand fly identification. Iran J Public Health. 2007;36:25\u201337.","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"1603_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2000.tb00207.x","volume":"70","author":"S Esseghir","year":"2000","unstructured":"Esseghir S, Ready PD, Ben-Ismail R. Speciation of Phlebotomus sand flies of the subgenus Larroussius coincided with the late Miocene-Pliocene aridification of the Mediterranean subregion. Biol Jo Linn Soc. 2000;70:189\u2013219.","journal-title":"Biol Jo Linn Soc"},{"key":"1603_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485309990423","volume":"100","author":"P Parvizi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parvizi P, Tahehrkhani H, Ready PD. Phlebotomus caucasicus and Phlebotomus mongolensis (Diptera: Psychodidae): indistinguishable by the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in Iran. B Entomol Res. 2010;100:415\u201320.","journal-title":"B Entomol Res"},{"key":"1603_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00187-0","volume":"84","author":"JM Testa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Testa JM, Montoya-Lerma J, Cadena H, Oviedo M, Ready PD. Molecular identification of vectors of Leishmania in Colombia: mitochondrial introgression in the Lutzomyia townsendi series. Acta Trop. 2002;84:205\u201318.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"1603_CR14","first-page":"69","volume":"10","author":"P Parvizi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parvizi P, Ready PD. Molecular investigation of the population differentiation of Phlebotomus papatasi, important vector of Leishmania major in different habitats and regions of Iran. Iran Biomed J. 2006;10:69\u201377.","journal-title":"Iran Biomed J"},{"key":"1603_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2013.04.025","volume":"68","author":"RM Clouse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clouse RM, Sharma PP, Giribet G, Wheeler WC. Elongation factor-1 \u03b1, a putative single-copy nuclear gene, has divergent sets of paralogs in an arachnid. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2013;68:471\u201381.","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol"},{"key":"1603_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro A, Pierce NE: Phylogeny of Bicyclus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from COI, COII, and EF-1\u03b1 gene sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol doi: 10.1006\/mpev.2000.0872","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.2000.0872"},{"key":"1603_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hines HM, Cameron SA, Williams PH. Molecular phylogeny of the bumblebee subgenus Pyrobombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) with insights intogene utility for lower-level analysis. Invertebr Syst. 2006;20:289\u2013303.","DOI":"10.1071\/IS05028"},{"key":"1603_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08742","volume":"463","author":"JC Regier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Regier JC, Shultz JW, Zwick A, Hussey A, Ball B, Wetzer R, Cunningham CW. Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences. Nature. 2010;463:1079\u201383.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1603_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nzelu CO, Kato H, Puplampu N, Desewu K, Odoom S, Wilson MD, et al. First detection of Leishmania tropica DNA and Trypanosoma species in Sergentomyia sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an outbreak area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ghana. PLoS Neglect Trop D. 2014;8, e2630.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002630"},{"key":"1603_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Depaquit J. Molecular systematics applied to phlebotomine sand flies: review and perspectives. Infec Genet Evol. 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.10.027"},{"key":"1603_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-4571.2011.00226.x","volume":"5","author":"SS Mahamdallie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mahamdallie SS, Ready PD. No recent adaptive selection on the apyrase of Mediterranean Phlebotomus: implications for using salivary peptides to vaccinate against canine leishmaniasis. Evol Appl. 2012;5:293\u2013305.","journal-title":"Evol Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1603_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"xxx","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12200","volume":"41","author":"S Ebrahimi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ebrahimi S, Bordbar A, Esmaeili Rastaghi AR, Parvizi P. Spatial distribution of sand fly species (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), ecological niche, and climatic regionalization in zoonotic foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis, southwest of Iran. J Vector Ecol. 2016;41(1):xxx [Accepted galley proof].","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"1603_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00237.x","volume":"14","author":"B Alexander","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alexander B. Sampling methods for phlebotomine sand flies. Med Vet Entomol. 2000;14:109\u201322.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"1603_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2003.00451.x","volume":"17","author":"P Parvizi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Parvizi P, Benlarbi M, Ready PD. Mitochondrial and Wolbachia markers for the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi: little population differentiation between peridomestic sites and gerbil burrows in Isfahan province, Iran. Med Vet Entomol. 2003;17:351\u201362.","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"1603_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.09.007","volume":"93","author":"P Parvizi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Parvizi P, Mauricio I, Aransay AM, Miles MA, Ready PD. First detection of Leishmania major in peridomestic Iranian sand flies: comparison of nested PCR of nuclear ITS ribosomal DNA and semi-nested PCR of minicircle kinetoplast DNA. Acta Trop. 2005;93:75\u201383.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"1603_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ready PD, Lainson R, Shaw JJ, Souza AA. DNA probes for distinguishing Psychodopygus wellcomei from Psychodopygus complexus (Diptera:Psychodidae). Mem I Oswaldo Cruz. 1991;86:41\u20139.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761991000100008"},{"key":"1603_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/158.3.1321","volume":"158","author":"S Kumar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kumar S, Gadagkar SR. Disparity Index: A simple statistic to measure and test the homogeneity of substitution patterns between molecular sequences. Genetics. 2001;158:1321\u20137.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"1603_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol. 2011;28:2731\u20139.","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121"},{"key":"1603_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150390235520","volume":"52","author":"S Guindon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guindon S, Gascuel O. A simple, fast and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst Biol. 2003;52:696\u2013704.","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"1603_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp187","volume":"25","author":"P Libardo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Libardo P, Rozas J. DnaSP v5: software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics. 2009;25:1451\u20132.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"1603_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spotin A, Rouhani S, Parvizi P. The associations of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica aspects by focusing their morphological and molecular features on clinical appearances in Khuzestan province, Iran. Biomed Res Int 2014, ID 913510, 13 pages doi: 10.1155\/2014\/913510 .","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/913510"},{"key":"1603_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahanifard E, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Akhavan AA, Akbarzadeh K, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Rassi Y, \u00a0et al. Diversity of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in southwest Iran with emphasis on synanthropy of Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus alexandri. Acta Trop. 2014;140:173\u201380.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.08.017"},{"key":"1603_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.107.083006","volume":"179","author":"A Ram\u0131\u2019rez-Soriano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ram\u0131\u2019rez-Soriano A, Ramos-Onsins SE, Rozas J, Calafell F, Navarro A. Statistical power analysis of neutrality test under demographic expansions, contractions and bottlenecks with recombination. Genetics. 2008;179:555\u201367.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"1603_CR34","unstructured":"Soul\u00e9 ME. Thresholds for survival: Maintaining fitness and evolutionary potential. In: Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective.Sunderland, MA, Sinauer. 1980; 111: 124."},{"key":"1603_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762011000800021","volume":"106","author":"A Valderrama","year":"2011","unstructured":"Valderrama A, Tavares MG, Andrade Filho DJ. Anthropogenic influence on the distribution, abundance and diversity of sand fly species (Diptera: Phlebotominae: Psychodidae), vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Panama. Mem I Oswaldo Cruz. 2011;106:1024\u201331.","journal-title":"Mem I Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"1603_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2009.04380.x","volume":"18","author":"N Galtier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galtier N, Nabholz B, Gl\u00e9min S, Hurst GD. Mitochondrial DNA as a marker of molecular diversity: a reappraisal. Mol Ecol. 2014;18:4541\u201350.","journal-title":"Mol Ecol"},{"key":"1603_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/87.6.651","volume":"87","author":"C Simon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Simon C, Frati F, Beckenbach A, Crespi B, Liu H, Flook P. Evolution, weighting and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 1994;87:651\u2013701.","journal-title":"Ann Entomol Soc Am"},{"key":"1603_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2307\/1942045","volume":"5","author":"JBJ Dunning","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dunning JBJ, Stewart DJ, Danielson BJ, Noon BR, Root TL, Lamberson RH, Stevens EE. Spatially explicit population models: current forms and future uses. Ecol Appl. 1995;5:3\u201311.","journal-title":"Ecol Appl"},{"key":"1603_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanski I. Metapopulation ecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-19-854065-5.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198540663.001.0001"}],"container-title":["Parasites & Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1603-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T10:06:15Z","timestamp":1718618775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1603-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1603-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"article-number":"319"}}