{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T07:23:53Z","timestamp":1781594633021,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP49932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP49932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1084251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1084251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI025038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI025038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasites Vectors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1667-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T12:31:26Z","timestamp":1467635486000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Evaluation of diagnostic performance of rK28 ELISA using urine for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Prakash","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khondaker R. H.","family":"Bhaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faria","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Anik Ashfaq","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarthy C.","family":"Vallur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm S.","family":"Duthie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinjiro","family":"Hamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Abdus","family":"Salam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Mamun","family":"Huda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Gulam Musawwir","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhea N.","family":"Coler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1667_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1748","volume":"5","author":"F Chappuis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chappuis F, Sundar S, Hailu A, Ghalib H, Rijal S, Peeling RW, et al. Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control? Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5(11):873\u201382.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1667_CR2","first-page":"1026","volume":"75","author":"F Bahrami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bahrami F, Darabi H, Riazi-Rad F, Khaze V, Ajdary S, Alimohammadian MH. FOXP3 expression and frequency of regulatory T cells in healed individuals from Leishmania major infection and the asymptomatic cases. ASHI. 2014;75(10):1026\u201333.","journal-title":"ASHI"},{"issue":"5","key":"1667_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035671","volume":"7","author":"J Alvar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alvar J, V\u00e9lez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, et al. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e35671.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1667_CR4","unstructured":"Sundar S, Singh A, Chakravarty J. Leishmaniasis \u2013 current burden and trends. Medicine Updae 2012 Vol.22. \n                    http:\/\/www.apiindia.org\/pdf\/medicine_update_2012\/infectious_disease_06.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"1667_CR5","unstructured":"South-East Asia poised to defeat visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). WHO REPORT. \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/news\/SEARO_poised_to_defeat_VL\/en\/\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"4","key":"1667_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2149\/tmh.2012-25","volume":"40","author":"F Ferdousi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferdousi F, Alam MS, Hossain MS, Ma E, Itoh M, Mondal D, et al. Visceral leishmaniasis eradication is a reality: Data from a community-based active surveillance in Bangladesh. Trop Med Health. 2012;40(4):133\u20139.","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1667_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0530","volume":"91","author":"MG Hasnain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hasnain MG, Ghosh P, Baker J, Mondal D. An Evaluation of the performance of direct agglutination test on filter paper blood sample for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;91(2):342\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1667_CR8","first-page":"951","volume":"9","author":"S Sundar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sundar S, Rai M. Laboratory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002;9(5):951\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1667_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1766","volume":"5","author":"M Boelaert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boelaert M, Bhattacharya S, Chappuis F, El Safi SH, Hailu A, Mondal D, et al. Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests: visceral leishmaniasis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5(11):S30\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"7571","key":"1667_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38917.503056.7C","volume":"333","author":"F Chappuis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chappuis F, Rijal S, Soto A, Menten J, Boelaert M. A meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of the direct agglutination test and rK39 dipstick for visceral leishmaniasis. BMJ. 2006;333(7571):723.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1667_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002057","volume":"7","author":"T Bhattacharyya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya T, Boelaert M, Miles M. Comparison of visceral leishmaniasis diagnostic antigens in African and Asian Leishmania donovani reveals extensive diversity and region-specific polymorphisms. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(2):e2057.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"1667_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000822","volume":"4","author":"S Pattabhi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pattabhi S, Whittle J, Mohamath R, El-Safi S, Moulton GG, Guderian JA, et al. Design, development and evaluation of rK28-based point-of-care tests for improving rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4(9):e822.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1667_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.902","volume":"76","author":"H Takagi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takagi H, Islam MZ, Itoh M, Islam AU, Ekram ARMS, Hussain SM, et al. Short report: Production of recombinant kinesin-related protein of Leishmania donovani and its application in the serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;76(5):902\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1667_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.599","volume":"79","author":"MZ Islam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Islam MZ, Itoh M, Takagi H, Islam AU, Ekram ARMS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect urinary antibody against recombinant rKRP42 antigen made from Leishmania donovani for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;79(4):599\u2013604.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1667_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis716","volume":"55","author":"J Cunningham","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cunningham J, Hasker E, Das P, El S, Goto H, Mondal D, et al. A global comparative evaluation of commercial immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(10):1312\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1667_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1125-3","volume":"15","author":"AC Vallur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vallur AC, Tutterrow YL, Mohamath R, Pattabhi S, Hailu A, Abdoun AO, et al. Development and comparative evaluation of two antigen detection tests for visceral leishmaniasis. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:384.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1667_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0489","volume":"88","author":"D Singh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh D, Pandey K, Das VNR, Das S, Verma N, Ranjan A, et al. Evaluation of rK-39 strip test using urine for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic region of India. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;88(2):222\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1667_CR18","first-page":"789","volume":"9","author":"MZ Islam","year":"2002","unstructured":"Islam MZ, Itoh M, Shamsuzzaman SM, Mirza R, Matin F, Ahmed I, et al. Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using urine samples. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002;9(4):789\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1667_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002161","volume":"7","author":"C Abeijon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abeijon C, Campos-Neto A. Potential non-invasive urine-based antigen (protein) detection assay to diagnose active visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(5):5\u20138.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1667_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0168","volume":"87","author":"MZ Islam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Islam MZ, Itoh M, Islam MAU, Ekram ARMS, Rahman MA, Takagi H, et al. ELISA with recombinant rKRP42 antigen using urine samples: A tool for predicting clinical visceral leishmaniasis cases and its outbreak. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87(4):658\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1667_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-114","volume":"3","author":"MG Khan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khan MG, Alam MS, Podder MP, Itoh M, Jamil KM, Haque R, Wagatsuma Y. Evaluation of rK-39 strip test using urine for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area in Bangladesh. Parasit Vectors. 2010;3:114.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"1667_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03540.x","volume":"18","author":"M Vaish","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vaish M, Bhatia A, Reed SG, Chakravarty J, Sundar S. Evaluation of rK28 antigen for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in India. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(1):81\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"1667_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2005.00598.x","volume":"12","author":"A Linden","year":"2006","unstructured":"Linden A. Measuring diagnostic and predictive accuracy in disease management: an introduction to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2006;12(2):132\u20139.","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"1667_CR24","first-page":"635","volume":"25","author":"MA Salam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salam MA, Mondal D, Kabir M, Haque R. rK39 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of kala-azar in an endemic zone of Bangladesh. Pak J Med Sci. 2009;25(4):635\u201340.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1667_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001484","volume":"6","author":"Z Maia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maia Z, L\u00edrio M, Mistro S, Mendes CMC, Mehta SR, Badaro R. Comparative Study of rK39 Leishmania antigen for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(1):e1484.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"1667_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trv060","volume":"109","author":"M Mukhtar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mukhtar M, Abdoun A, Ahmed AE, Ghalib H, Reed SG, Boelaert M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of rK28-based immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis: a prospective clinical cohort study in Sudan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2015;109(9):594\u2013600.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1667_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.05.008","volume":"105","author":"J Chakravarty","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chakravarty J, Kumar S, Kumar R, Gautam S, Rai MSS. Evaluation of rk39 immunochromatographic test with urine for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011;105(9):537\u20139.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1667_CR28","first-page":"11","volume":"39","author":"MP Podder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Podder MP, Khanum H, Alam MS, Khan MGM, Elahi AEMR, Haque R. Comparison of urine based ELISA and rK39 dipstick test fro detection of Kala-Azar. Bangladesh J Zool. 2011;39(1):11\u20138.","journal-title":"Bangladesh J Zool"},{"issue":"5","key":"1667_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.5.5.717-720.1998","volume":"5","author":"EE Zijlstra","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zijlstra EE, Daifalla NS, Kager PA, Khalil EAG, Reed SG, Ghalib HW. rK39 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Leishmania donovani infection. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1998;5(5):717\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1667_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-014-0027-6","volume":"1","author":"B-N Ahmed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ahmed B-N, Nabi SG, Rahman M, Selim S, Bashar A, Rashid MM, et al. Kala-Azar (visceral leishmaniasis) elimination in Bangladesh: Successes and Challenges. Curr Trop Med Reports. 2014;1(3):163\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"1667_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e960","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000960","volume":"5","author":"SP Singh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Singh SP, Hirve S, Huda MM, Banjara MR, Kumar N, Mondal D, et al. Options for active case detection of visceral leishmaniasis in endemic districts of India, Nepal and Bangladesh, comparing yield, feasibility and costs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5(2):e960.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"1667_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-7799(96)10048-2","volume":"14","author":"HB Urnovitza","year":"1996","unstructured":"Urnovitza HB, Murphyb WH, Gottfrieda TD. Urine-based diagnostic technologies. Trends Biotechnol. 1996;14(10):361\u2013364.","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Parasites & Vectors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1667-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1667-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1667-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1667-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T12:31:50Z","timestamp":1589545910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1667-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1667-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-3305"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-3305","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 May 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"383"}}